Linux FAQ 1000 Detailed questions and management skills, how to establish multi-user remind everyone, don't use root users, because root users have supreme power in the system, and they may undermine the system. For example, we want to delete the file in the / temp directory, but the command is not carefully integrated "RM / TEMP (one space after '/')", then it is extremely likely to delete all the files under the root directory. Furthermore, "Linux is a multi-task, multi-user system", I don't experience Linux's characteristics. In order to facilitate yourself and others, you will build a few users under the Linux system. Enter "Adduser Newuser", enter, the screen does not respond to the command, wrong? No, in fact, the system has accepted the new user. You should then enter the command "passwd newuser", the screen will prompt the password, enter the confirmation again, a new user is successful, it is simple. I will try it now. Linux provides six virtual console, switching with Alt F1 to F6 (switched with CRTL ALT F1 ~ F6 in X-WINDOW), each console can be logged in with different users, run different programs. Buy a user for your family and friends. Second, how to use a floppy disk, disc, and DOS such as a floppy disk, disc, and DOS. This is the most questionable problem for Linux beginners. Because everyone has become accustomed to Microsoft's access methods, we always want to find a floppy disk and disc. However, under Linux, the method of processing the device as a file along with UNIX. So to access the floppy disk and disc, you must first load them into the / mnt directory of the Linux system. The loaded command is MOUNT, the format is as follows: mount -t file system type device name load directory file system type is partition format, Linux supported file system types There are many: MSDOS DOS partition file system type VFAT supports long file name DOS partition file (Understand Windows File) System Type ISO9660 CD file system type EXT2 Linux file system type ... device name, refers to the name of the device you want to load. The floppy disk is generally / dev / fd0 fd1; the disc is determined according to your location of the drive, usually the light-driven main wheel position is / dev / hdc; if access is DOS partition, it lists its device. Name, such as / dev / hda1 refers to the first partition of the first hard disk. The load directory is the load point of your specified device. 1. The loading flopp is first built with MKDIR / MNT / FLOPPY to create an empty floppy directory in / mnt directory, then enter mount -t msdos / dev / fd0 / mnt / flopp loading a floppy disk in the DOS file format comes in, You can find all the contents of this floppy disk in / mnt / floppy directory. 2. Load Windows The C Dish MKDIR / MNT / C is established in / mnt directory; mount -t vfat / dev / hda1 / mnt / c puts the Windows C disk Press long file name format to / In the MNT / C directory, you can read and write the contents in the C drive root directory in this directory. 3. Load CD MKDIR / MNT / CDROM Create an empty CDROM directory in / mnt directory; mount -t ISO9660 / dev / hdc / mnt / cdrom loads the disc in the file system, will be in / mnt / cdrom directory Look down the disc content. Some Linux versions allow the disc to be loaded with the mNT / dev / cdrom or mount / mnt / cdrom command.
It should be noted that the mount command is loaded with a floppy disk, the disc, not a floppy drive, and the optical drive. Some beginners are easy to make a problem, think that after using the above command, the floppy drive will become / mnt / floppy, the optical drive will become / mnt / cdrom, in fact, when you want to change a CD or floppy disk, you must first uninstall , Reloading the new disk. 4. Uninstall the unloaded command format is: UMONUT directory name, for example to uninstall the floppy disk, enter the command umonut / mnt / floppy. It is to be noted that the pop-up button directly on the light-drive panel is not active before uninstalling the disc. Third, how to install Linux applications For ordinary users, installation, or upgrade software, you can use Red Hat's package installation and management tool RPM. You can easily install software, upgrade software, and uninstall software and query software information. If you installed Red Hat Linux, you can use rpm, if not, you can install RPM first. The method is as follows: 1. Download the RPM package: ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/code/rpm/rpm-2.3.11.tar.gz 2. Run in turn in the Linux command line: CD / TAR XZVF RMP -2.3.11.tar.gz CD rpm-2.3.11 ./configure make make install mkdir / var / local / var / local / lib / var / local / lib / rpm / var / limited, you are completed The installation of RPM can then look for the software's RPM installation version on the Internet or on the CD. Then use rpm to install, the method of use of RPM is simple: 1. Install the package with RPM: RPM -IVH software file name, such as rpm -ivh fvwm95-2.0.43a.chinese-1.i386.rpm, it will output The name and installation of the package: fvwm95 ######## When the progress bar walks, Chinese FVWM95 (an X-Window interface) is installed, then run X -Window, ah, full Chinese FVWM95 is in front of me. 2. Reverse software packages with rpm: rpm -e software name, for example: rpm -e fvwm95 3. RPM upgrade package: RPM -UVH software upgrade version file name, for example: rpm -u fvwm95-2.1.0a.Chinese-1 .i386.rpm, RPM automatically installs the original version, install the upgraded software to the system. How, it's not difficult! 4. How to view Linux files in the Windows system By using the load command Mount, we can easily check and use the Windows files in Linux. As the saying goes, we have time, we certainly want to see Linux files in Windows. But Windows is not as friendly as Linux, does not have tools with Linux communication, what should I do? Don't worry, there is a small tool on the Internet, called Linuxdos, less than 500K, running under Windows, dedicated to view Linux files. After running, you can select the drive, then it lists the Linux file system like the resource manager. 5. How to Chinese Linux Linux is English, so full screen is "British mouse", it is inconvenient to use, if you want to enter Chinese. However, the current Chinese software personnel can be described as talents, and it has provided a comprehensive solution for Linux's Chinese.
1. Chinese simulation terminal CHDRV first, always let Linux can display Chinese! ChDRV is Chinese analog terminal in the command line, that is, as long as you put it, you can display and enter Chinese characters in the command line of Linux. After CHDRV starts, establish a virtual terminal in TTY7 (with Ctrl Alt F7), and the user can use the Chinese support available after logging in TTY7. TTY1 to TTY6 will not be affected. If you can find the installation package in the RPM format, you can easily install it using the RPM installer. Otherwise, you can get the compiled chDRVBIN-0.23.Gb.tar.gz and font file chDrvfont.tar.gz, which get ChDRV, CHDRV. Then use root to log in, perform the following command sequentially: tar xvzf chDrvbin-0.23.gb.tar.gz extracts compiled CHDRV to chDRV-0.23.GB directory mv chDrvfont.tar.gz chDRV-0.23.GB/ Transfer font file To chDRV-0.23.GB directory CD chDRV-0.23.GB enters this directory ./installbin Run Installation File 2. Chinese Enter Server Xcin If you often use Linux in X-WINDOW, try using XCIN to solve the problem of Chinese input. XCIN is an abbreviation for XWindow Chinese Input. It is a Chinese input system running in X-WINDOW mode. After installing it, all terminals of X-WINDOW will provide Chinese services. You can get from ftp: //ftp.ihep.ac.cn/pub/chinese/sy ... Wave onion, rhyme, Rui Tar Xzvf Xcings, 2.2.Tar.gz decompressed CD XCINGB-2.2 enters the directory ./ Configure Modifying Installation Options Make Compile Make Install installation same, if you can find the RPM installation version of the software, you can use RPM to install. To this end, we have already introduced the method of using Chinese in the command line and the X-Window. However, in the text editing software, only Chinese can only be displayed, but the Chinese characters cannot be entered. To solve this problem, you must do two places yourself: 1) Set the following to the following SHELL: STTY CS8-ISTRIP Stty Pass8 Export Lang = C Export LC_CTYPE = ISO-8859- 1 Use the TCSH shell: Intention in /etc/csh.login or /etc/csh.cshrc is set as follows: Stty CS8 -ITrip stty pass8 setENV LANG C STENV LC_CTYPE ISO-8859-1 2) Under your home directory. Add below in the Inputrc file: SET CONVERT-META OFF SET OUTPUT-META ON 3. Chinese window manager C-FVWM95 FVWM95 is like Linux English Win95, China's Linux users have always expected to be under the Chinese window. Use Linux. This wish is now finally a reality. Mr. Fvwm95 is Chinese, and we can finally change the English in FVWM95 to Chinese characters in FVWM95! Everyone can go to ftp.ihep.ac.cn/pub/chinese/packages/ The source code of the FVWM95 downloaded in ftp.ihep.ac.cn/pub/chinese/packages/. The font used can also be obtained in ftp.ihep.ac.cn/pub/chinese/fonts/pcf/. The installation instructions are included in the download file.
Because its configuration is still more troublesome, it is best to find the corresponding RPM package. 4. Download the BluePoint Linux Star Preview (Blue Point Preview) Blue Point Preview Based on Red Hat, Include: Chinese Nuclear (KERNEL); Console Chinese Display / Enter; Chinese XServer (CXWIN 0.6), X's Chinese Show / Input Chinese MSSAGE and corresponding library files, the NLS Message and library documents treated by Chinese culture and localization. a. Chinese Nuclear 1. Excellent performance, odd-independent support, very small, very fast. 2. Multi-language support, the same screen display multi-code (GB / BIG5). 3. Compatibility is excellent, kernel compatibility The upper application, the most thorough solution. 4. Support high resolution, completely depends on the hardware limitations of users. 5. Support various fonts to support 14 kinds of fonts. 6. Hot key switching language environment (GB / BIG5 / EN). B. Chinese XServer 1. Hello, at least 95% of pure Western applications can support Chinese processing. 2. Built-in input and display support, very convenient, no additional input module. 3. TTF font library support. 4. Support GB / BIG5 internal code. C. Chinese Message and corresponding library files 1. Tips for Chinese, boot, shutdown, and common software messages to all Chinese display. If you need to install Chinese XWindow and input method, you will need to download Star-cxwin.tar.gz. If you need to install a Chinese console and locale, you need to download Star-ENCON.TAR.GZ if you need to use 24 o'clock on the console. Chinese custom library, please download Star-font24.tar.gz Note: Don't forget to download the Install installation script! Please read the Readme and FAQ before installation! Installation method 1) Create a directory, put all downloaded files Inside. 2) Perform the installation script as root: # Bash Install 3) Install the script first check the system configuration, and automatically search for the TTF font, and then back up the old profile, and finally start installation. 4) Complete the installation If the Chinese console environment is installed, you need to restart. Six, how to set the sound card without me, this is a very important job! However, if you have Red Hat Linux, this work is simple! Run / usr / sbin / sndconfig with root login system. A screen that selects the sound card type appears. A general sound card can be selected as a Sound Blaster. After selecting the sound card, set the relevant resources. After using the Tab key to combine the arrow key, press OK, if you hear the sound of Linus (Linux's founder), the sound card setting is successful. That's the vocal-style DOS game sound card setting ... Seven, how to set your graphics to set your graphics card, first, know your graphics card model, what company is out, what type of graphics card, a few MB, Also know what type of display chip, is Alg2302, or SIS6326, or SAVAGE3D, wait, then, under the superuser permission, you can run the interface is relatively friendly Xconfigurator tool, here X Remember Be sure to write, step by step, you should choose, it should not be very difficult, when choosing your graphics chip, don't choose it, let the test program check; final, you must know the type of your monitor, Is VGA, or SVGA, and horizontal and vertical resolution.
You can also run an unfrigerous xfree86, if you are more proficient in Linux, the X Windows effect configured with Xfree86 command is much better than Xconfigurator. The most friendly interface, is a XF86Setup tool. If you have this tool, you may wish to use this tool to set your graphics. 8. How to set up NIC 9. How to play the CD music sound card setting, you can insert a CD in the CD-ROM, load the disc to load the disc, and then enter the CDP command. On the screen, you can see the tag list, the smaller keyboard 9 is play, 7 is stopped, 6 go to the next track, 4 retreat to the previous track, 0 exit the player, 2 pop-up CD, 8 is time out. If it is in X-WINDOW, you can play the CD with XPlayCD, which is a player with a graphical interface, buttons and features at a glance, not much here. 10, how to play VCD DVD 11, how to dial on the Internet 12, can Linux can play games? There is a BSD-Games-2.1-3.src.rpm file package in the CD, install it with the RPM command, then go to the installation directory to find the game Bar. However, these games are not exquisite. If you want to play, you must enter X-Window. ACM is Air Combat Simulation game, Paradise and Xpilot are networked battle games, XDemineur is digging mines (did not expect it), xjewel is Russian square, Xboard is chess, XPAT2 is a playing card game, Xboing is a bouncing game, as well as doom - a big name Ding's first person shooting game! These games can be called directly, and some need to be installed with the RPM command. All RPM packages are going to see it under the SRPMS directory in the installation CD.
Ten. Adjust your monitor with XvidTune, you will find that after linux is installed in Windows, you can easily get rid of Xwindows in Windows, and then return to Windows desktop, after adjusting, return to Windows. Returning to start the system is very trouble every time. Here is a way to go to Linux. Good location, then the SHOW button on the point interface will get this output: "1152x864" 121.50 1152 1232 1360 1568 864 865 868 911 hsync -vsync then exit this software, modify your / etc / x11 / xf86config-4 file "AS 786T" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "Unknown" HorizSync 30 in Section "Monitor" Identifier - 87VertRefresh 50 - 160Option "dpms" EndSection in adding just the output of the mine is: Section "Monitor" Identifier "AS 786T" VendorName "Unknown" Modelname "Unknown" HorizSync 30 - 87Vertrefresh 50 - 160Modeline "1152x864" 121.50 1152 1232 1360 1568 864 865 868 911 Hsync -vsyncOption "DPMS" endsection Save and then try to see it. Eleven. Q: My machine is Windows and Linux dual systems, how to change the GRUB default start-up system? A: This needs to be modified /boot/grub/grub.conf. You will understand an example. Suppose you /boot/grub/grub.conf is this: default = 0timeout = 10splashImage = (HD0, 7) /grub/splash.xpm.gztitle Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-14) root (HD0, 7 ) kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 Ro root = label = / init /initrd-2.4.18-14.imgtitle dosrootnoverified (HD0, 0) ChainLoader 1 So your grub will start Red Hat Linux by default (2.4.18 -14) This system is changed to default = 1, then GRUB will start the DOS system by default. Note that the main points here are: You want to start the system referred to by default, then default should be equal to N-1 12. Q: How does my text console always garbled? A: This is because you have installed Chinese support. The solution is to install a multi-code platform in a fast-free Mount CJK (Chinese / Japanese / Korean), I put him in the attachment. For further news about ENCON, everyone can go to his official home page zhcon.gnuchina.org view.
Please refer to this connection at http://hepg.sdu.edu.cn/service/tips/zhcon_manual.htmlzhCon download: http://encon.gnuchina.org/download/...on-0.2.1. Tar.gz thirteen. Q: When I installed a software, I prompt me to miss one .so file, installation can't continue, what should I do? A: .so file is like a .dll file in Windows, is a library file. A program is properly installed and runs support for a specific library file. So you need to find the package that contains this .so. Go to http://www.rpmfind.net Use your lack of ..... 枰 ? RPM package 14. I have access to the Windows partitions and discover all the files in all Windows partitions in the folder name. What should I do? A: In the third post, we explained the FAT32 partition that enables Windows to access Windows in Linux by editing / etc / fstab. Similarly, we can implement Chinese file names by further modifying / etc / fstab. Just change the default in / dev / hda1 / mnt / c vfault 0 0 to IOCHARSET = CP936. Fifteen. My XMMS in my RH8.0 is not good, I can't play MP3, what should I do? A: This is because RH is afraid that others will tell him to infringe, so I have lost XMMS to MP3 in RH8.0, and 8.0 previous versions are so good. It is also very simple to solve in 8.0, and you can load a plugin. This plugin I am placed in the attachment of this post, RPM format, WinRAR compression attachment: http://www.chinalinuxpub.com/vbbfor...s=&postid=86299 16. Q: How can I use in Linux? What about Windows partition? A: Let's talk about a background knowledge. Linux supports many file systems, including FAT32 and NTFS for Windows. Support for FAT32 is very good, you can use it directly, and support for NTFS is not too good, you can only read, and write is extremely dangerous, and the support of NTFS is not the default, that is, you want to use NTFS. If you need to recompile the kernel. In view of the complexity of the kernel for novice, only two solutions to the above problems are given below using the method of using the FAT32 partition: 1. When the installation system (Linux), you can build Several mount points, such as / MNT / C, / MNT / D, then select your Windows FAT32 partition, mount them to the previously established mount points. (Note, as mentioned earlier, here you can't mount a NTFS partition to a mount point, should not be default for NTFS.) This allows you to use your Windows FAT32 partition after you have installed your system. For example, you mount Windows's C drive (Linux / dev / hda1) to / mnt / c, then you can find all the data in your C directory in / mnt / c directory. 2. If you don't have the form of FAT32 partitions on the installation system, it is still easy to solve this problem.
First, use a text editor (such as VI) to open / etc / fstab, in the final addition of the file Similar to the following lines / dev / hda1 / mnt / c vfault 0 0 What you want to do is, the changes you have to do, put / dev / HDA1 changes into the device number you want to mount in Linux, change / mnt / c to the corresponding mount point. Note that the mount point is a directory, this directory is established in advance. For example, I have three FAT32 partitions, which are C, D, E disk in Windows, and the device number in Linux is / dev / hda1, / dev / hda5, / dev / hda6. Then I will build 3 mount points, such as / mnt / c, / mnt / d, / mnt / e, then plus such a few lines in / etc / fstab: / dev / hda1 / mnt / c vfat DEFAULT 0 0 / DEV / HDA5 / MNT / D VFAT DEFAULT 0 0 / DEV / HDA6 / MNT / E VFAT DEFAULT 0 0 Save the exit editor. Thus later, you can use C, D, E these three FAT32 formats of the Windows partitions directly after you restart the machine. Q: After my machine reloads Windows, the boot started directly into Windows, the original Linux does not Go, what should I do? A: This is because of the overbearing of Windows. After reloading Windows, Windows rewrites your MBR and overrides GRUB. The solution is simple: use your Linux first installation disk to enter the Linx Rescue mode (how to enter? You pay attention to the system's prompt information will be known), do the following two commands can be changed to CHROOT / MNT / SYSIMAGE # Your root directory GRUB-INSTALL / DEV / HDA # Install GRUB to MBR Eighteen. Q: My Linux is directly entering the text interface, how can I get it to enter the graphical interface by default? A: Modify the / etc / initTab file, there is a line ID: 3: INitDefault, meaning that the boot default enters the run level 3 (multi-user text interface), change it to ID: 5: initDefault, boot the default entry run Level 5 (multi-user graphical interface). This should be okay. 19. How to start multiple X previous posts, it is estimated that many people have never seen it, and they have attracted the X-windows in Linux to attract many people who are not interested in Linux. Especially KDE and GNOME, the function is powerful, and with a lot of great software, the interface is very friendly and is very suitable for beginners. Let's tell you a small skill that starts 6 X: Add the following lines in ~ / .bashrc: Alias X = StartX - -bpp 32 -quiet & alias x1 = startX -: 1 -bpp 32 -quiet & alias x2 = startx -: 2 -bpp 32 -quiet & alias x3 = StartX -: 3 -bpp 32 --quiet & alias x4 = startx -: 4 -bpp 32 --quiet & alias x5 = startX -: 5 -bpp 32 -quiet & where 32 is a display Color depth, you should set it according to your own actual situation. After running # Bash makes the change take effect, you can start 6 X-Windows as long as you run X, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5.
Twenty. After installing the rpm PostgreSQL, start /ETC/INIT.D/PostgreSQL START is the TCP / IP connection support that cannot start PostgreSQL, so open /etc/init.d/postgreSQL this file to put Su -L Postgres -s / bin / sh -c "/ usr / bin / pg_ctl -d $ pGData -p / usr / bin / postmaster start> / dev / null2> & 1" / dev / null2> & 1" ls.txt into text files as an example MAN LS | col -b> ls.txt to become text, take Make as an example of info make -o Make.txt -s 22. How to send 2 credit in text mode First check the system without uuencode and uudecode If there is no rpm -ivh sharutils-x.xx.xx.rpm from the disc, it is necessary to send vpopmail-5.2.1.tar.gz Execute uuencode -m vpopmail-5.2.1.tar.gz vpopmail.tar.gz> Encodefile Description: UUENODE is the encoding command, -m uses MIME64 encoding, vpopmail-5.2.1.tar .gz is the file to be encoded, vpopmail.tar.gz is the file name obtained if decoded, encodefile is the encoded file name.
After executing the above command, you can send the encoded file by mail command mail chenlf@chinalinuxuxpub.com
If you are logged in with a text, then execute SwitchDesk Gnome or SwitchDesk KDE, then startX to enter GNOME or KDE. 25 ... tar, .tar.gz, .bz2, .tar.bz2, .bz, .gz What files, how to solve them? They are all documents (compressed) packages. .tar: Pack the file, no compression: TAR CVF * .tar dirname unope: tar xvf * .tar.tar.gz: Pack the file and compressed: TAR CZVF * .tar.gz DirName Unniprases: TAR Xzvf *. TAR.GZ.BZ2: Unope: bzip2 -d * .bz2.bz: Unope: bzip -d * .bz.gz: Unope: gzip -d * .gz26.Linux how to unlock .zip ,.rar Compressed file? There is a graphical interface in RH8. File-Roller can do this. Outside the unzip * .zip, unrar * .rar unsaled the RAR file, but UnRar is generally not coming, to download online. 27. How to browse the .iso CD mirror file underlinux? a. Build a directory, such as: mkdir ab. Mount the ISO file to this directory: Mount -o loop xxxx.iso A Now the content in the directory A is the content in the ISO file. How to configure the network under 28.Linux? Use NetConfig. "IP address:" is the IP address to be configured, "Netmask:" Subnet Mask, "Default Gateway (IP):" Gateway, "Primary Nameserver:" DNS server IP. 29. How to make the mouse support roller? When configuring the mouse, select Microsoft's mouse and correctly select port such as PS2, USB, etc. 30. How to make the console support Chinese display? Install ENCON. ENCON needs libimm_server.so and two libraries supported by libpth.so.13. The general Chinese input method should have libImm_server.so. Libpth.so.13 is from PTH-1.3.x. Put these two files under / usr / lib. 31. How to configure grub? Modify /boot/grub/grub.conf file. Where "DEFAULT = N" (N is a number) is an item selected by the GRUB boot menu, and N starts from 0, 0 represents the first item, 1 represents the second term, and so on. "Timeout = X" (x is a number) is timeout, the unit is wonderful. That is, after the boot menu is displayed, if the user does not choose in X seconds, the grub will start the default item. "SplashImage = xxxxxx", this is the background diagram of the boot menu, I ignore him first. Other common items I use the following example: Title Red Hat 8.0Root (HD1, 6) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 Ro root = / dev / hdb7initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-14. IMG, "Red Hat 8.0" is the name root (hdx, y) displayed in the list of launched menu, if you don't have a Boot partition (this example is not divided into boot partitions), then point to The root partition is OK, HDX is the hard disk where Linux is located, and HD0 is the first hard disk, and HD1 is the second piece, and so on.
Y is a partition location, starting from 0, that is, equal to the partition number, such as the partition you want to point to is HDX7, then Y is 6, if it is HDX1, then Y is 0. Note that there is a space behind the root. Kernel /Boot/Vmlinuz-2.4.18-14, where "/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14" is the kernel path you want to use, if you compile the endocker, change it into your new kernel path Ok. RO is not used, it will not be wrong. Root = / dev / hdxx Specifies the root partition, this example is HDB7, so root = / dev / hdb7initrd xxxxxxxxxxxx doesn't matter, I am not clear that it is used. The above is Linux, below is Windows Title Windows 98Rootnoverify (HD0, 0) ChainLoader 1TITLE XXXXXXX is not explained, and there is explanation above. Rootnoverify (HDX, Y) is used to specify the partitions in Windows, X, Y, which is the top, pay attention to the space after rootnoverify. CHAINLOADER 1 photo, pay attention to space. 32. How to configure LILO? Modify the /etc/lilo.conf file and run the lilo command. 33. How do I automatically mount the development partition after LINUX? Edit the / etc / fstab file, add the corresponding row inside, if you are not familiar with the configuration of / etc / fstab, you can use PTM, an automatic configuration of FSTAB software, should have downloads in the commune. 34. How to customize the service that is started when Linux started? Run NTSYSV under the console or terminal, then select the service you want to start, if you want to boot, you don't start someone, remove his choice. 35. How do you fix the GRUB / LILO boot menu without a floppy? a. Copy the DOSUTILS directory in the first Linux installation disk to the Windows disk. If ISO can be extracted with WinRAR3. b. Enter pure DOS, enter the dosutils directory, execute loadlin autoboot / vmlinuz root = / dev / hdxx () HDXX is your Linux root partition. This will enter Linux. c. Execute GRUB-INSTALL / DEV / HDX (x = A, B, C, D) or LILO to rewrite the boot. Also available for reference: http://www.linuxfans.org/nuke/modul...iewtopic&t=510136. How to configure a mouse? Open a terminal or enter the console, run the mouseconfig command to configure the mouse! 37. How to enter Linux from DOS? First you need loadlin.exe, there is a dosutils directory in Linux in the first installation disk, and you need it is Linux kernel, /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.xx-xx is, put him to the Windows disk, And rename him to VMLinuz (mainly VMLinuz-2.4.xx -xx is a bit problem under DOS), there is also a VMLinuz in the autoboot in the Dosutils directory, is also a Linux kernel, can be used, but many devices do not support, If the Linux bootstrap or Linux starts configuration, there is a problem, can't enter Linux, you can use this kernel to fix Linux.
Then use loadlin vmlinuz root = / dev / hdxx (HDXX is your Linux root partition), and single-user mode can also be implemented with loadlin vmlinuz root = / dev / hdxx Single. 38.Root Password Loss Solving GRUB: On the Bootboard Menu, type [E] to enter the edit mode. You will face a list of boot projects. Find a sentence similar to the following output: kernel /Vmlinuz-2.4.18-0.4 Ro root = / dev / hda2 Press the arrow button until this line is highlighted, then press [E]. You can now tap the end of the text and add Single to tell the GRUB boot user Linux mode. Press the [ENTER] button to make the editor take effect. You will be treated by editing the mode screen, from here, press, and grub will boot the single user Linux mode. After the end is loaded, you will face a similar shell prompt: SH-2.05 # Now you can change the root command, type: BASH # passwd root You will be required to retriterate the mouth order to verify. After the end, the password will be changed, you can use the reboot to reboot under prompts; then log in to root users as usual. LILO: When the system starts to the LILO boot screen, press the Tab key to enter the text, and then enter Linux Single to enter the Linux Single in LILO, enter the password console, enter the password of the root using the passwd command. That is, the host name VI / ETC / SYSCONFIG / NETWORK, modify the HostName first behavior HostName = hostname, then take effect 0002 Ret Hat Linux to start to the text interface (do not start xwindow) will / etc / inittab ID: 5: INITDEFAULT: 5 of the five-line 5 automatic upgrade update problem (hutueworm) in http://www.redhat.com/corp/support / ... ⑼ 沧? / a> Upgrade Kernel RPM: Up2date -u Upgrade RPM: Up2date -u -f0004windows, Up2date -u -f0004windows, LINUX Partition, PARAGON.EXT2FS.Anywhere.2.5.rar and Explore2FS-1.00-pre 4.Zip0005Mount Usage Fat32 partition mount -o codePage = 936, IOCHARSET = CP936 / DEV / HDA7 / MNT / CDROMISO file mount -o loop /abc.iso / mnt / cdrom floppy mount / dev / fd0 / mnt / floppyusb flash Mount / DEV / SDA1 / MNT / CDROM All / etc / FSTAB content mount -a can specify the file format "-t format", the format can be VFAT, EXT2, EXT3, etc.0006 Use the local FAT partition to use the local hard disk in the VMware Linux, then use SMBFS in VMware Hang.
You can put the following line to / etc / fstab: _IP / D $ / MNT / D SMBFS Defaults, Auto, UserName = Win_Name, Password = Win_Pass, CodePage = 936, IoCharest = GB2312 0 0 where Win_IP is your Windows IP address; D $ is the shared name of the D disk shared in your Windows; / mnt / d is to put the partition mount to Linux directory; Win_Name and Win_Pass are users in your Windows to read the partition, such as Your administrator name and password. If you run /etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs, you will automatically mount this partition when starting. 0007.A Delete file RM ./-Arm - -a tells RM This is the last option, see getoptls -i listing inum, then use Find. -Inum inum_of_thisfile -exec rm {}; 0007. b Delete File RM A0007.c Delete Name Belt / and 'File These characters are characters that are not allowed by the normal file system, but may be generated in the file name, such as NFS file system under UNIX on the Mac system Use the solution to the method to remove the NFS file system to delete files with a special file name under the system that is not filtered / characters. 2. Also, remove the other file of the error file name, LS -ID displays the inum, umount file system, CLRI containing the file directory, clear the directory of Inum, Fsck, Mount, Check Your Lost Found, Rename THE File in it. It is best to remove any file names with the Windows FTP! 0007.D Delete the file name with invisible characters to list the file name and dump the file: ls -l> aaa then edit the file The content joins the RM command to make its content into the format of the above file: VI AAA [RM -R ******] Plus the file plus the execution permission CHMOD X AAA to perform $ AAA0007.e Delete file size zero zero File RM-I `Find ./ -Size 0`Find ./ -size 0 -EXEC RM {}; find ./-size | xargs RM -F & Very Valid for File in * # ourselves to define file type doif you need to delete [! -s $] Thenrm $ Echo "RM $ File Success!" Fidone0008Redhat Set the Roller Mouse (MC1011) After entering X, select the mouse configuration, select Wheel Mouse (PS / 2) Can you play? If the mouse is abnormal, restart The computer can be.
0009 Macking XWindow Starts with Linux CD, select Upgrade, then select the package, install it separately to delete the Linux partition to make a PARTITION MAGIC boot floppy disk, start it. Or start the CD with Win2000, then delete .0011 Exiting the MANQ0012 does not compile the kernel, Mount NTFS partition original RH8, not upgraded or compiled kernel 1. Google.com search and download Kernel-NTFS-2.4.18-14.i686.rpm2. Rpm -ivh kernel-NTFS-2.4.18 -14.i686.rpm3. MKDIR / MNT / C4. Mount -t NTFS / DEV / HDA1 / MNT / C0013REDHAT 8.0 Using XMMS to listen to MP3 download http://www.gurulabs.com/files/xmms-...7 -13.p.i386.rpmrpm -UVH XMMS-MP3-1.2.7-13.p.I386.RPM0014 Retrieves three ways of forgetting ROOT password (LILO / GRUB): 1. In the system enters single user status, Use passwd root to change 2. Use the installation CD boot system to perform the Linux Rescue state, the original / partition mount, the procedure is as follows: CD / mntmkdir hdmount -t auto / dev / hdax (the partition number where the original / partition is located) HDCD HDCHROOT ./passwd root can get it 3. Take the hard disk of this unit, hung up to other Linux systems, use the way to the second identical RH8. LILO1. Type Linux Single when there is LILO: Tips Type Linux Single The screen is displayed by LILO: Linux Single2. Entering directly into the Linux command line 3. #vi / etc / shadow will first line, that is, ROOT: and next: Before and Next: Delete, first line Will be similar to root :: ... Save 4. #Reboot restart, the root password is empty. GRUB1. When the GRUB screen occurs, use the top button to select the one you usually start Linux (Don't choose DOS 哟), Then press E-key 2. Use the up and down key to select the one you usually start (similar to kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14 ROOT = Label = /), then press E-key 3. Modify The command line you are now here, add Single, the result is as follows: kernel / boot / vm Linuz-2.4.18-14 single ro root = label = / 4. Enter back, then press B to start, you can enter the Linux command line 5. #vi / etc / shadow will be the first line, that is, start with root One row, ROOT:, then and next: The first line will be similar to root :: ... Save 6. #Reboot restart, the root password is empty 0015 makes Ctrl Alt DEL fail Vi / etc / inittab commented on Ca :: Ctrlattdel: / sbin / shutdown -t3 -r Now, you can do 0016 how to see the version of Redhat is 7 or 8 (hutueworm) CAT / Proc / Version or CAT / ETC / RedHat-release or cat / etc / ipm in which rpm is selected on www.rpmfind.net, or the RPM -QF file name gives 0018 to save the information of Man or INFO as a text file as an example of TCSH: MAN TCSH | col -b> tcsh.txtinfo tcsh -o tcsh.txt -s0019 uses the existing two files,
Generate a new file 1. Remove the two files (repeated rows of rows) 2. Remove the intersection of two files (only files existing in two files) 3. Delete intersection, Leave other rows 1. Cat File1 File2 | Sort | UNIQ2. Cat file1 file2 | sort | uniq -d3. Cat file1 file2 | sort | uniq-u0020 Sets COM1 port, let the super terminal login via COM1 port confirmation / sbin / AGETTY, editing / etc / inittab, add 7: 2345: Respawn: / sbin / agletty / dev / ttys0 96009600bps is because the default of the linkage is generally this rate, or it can be set to 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 / etc / securetty, add a line: TTYS0, make sure the root user can log in to restart the machine, you can unplug the mouse keyboard display (it is best to look at the output information when starting) 0021 Delete Directory All files include subdirectory RM -RF Directory Name 0022 View System Information CAT / Proc / CPUINFO - CPU (IE Vendor, MHz, Flags Like MMX) CAT / Proc / Interrupts - Interrupt CAT / Proc / Ioports - Device IO Port CAT / Proc / Meminfo - Memory Information (IE MEM Used, Free, Swap size) CAT / Proc / Partitions - All partitions of all partitions CAT / PROC / PCI - PCI device information CAT / proc / swaps - All SWAP partition information CAT / proc / version - Linux version number is quite Uneame -Runame -a - see the system core and other information 0023 to remove excess carriage return SED S / ^ m // test.sh> back.sh, pay attention to ^ m is a knocking ctrl_v ctrl-m or Dos2Unix FileName0024 switch x Desktop (LNX3000) SwitchDesk KDE or SwitchDesk Gnome0025 Universal Sound Card Driver (LNX3000) OS Www.Opensound.com/ Alsa www.alsa-project.org/0026 Changing Redhat's System Language / Character Set (BEMING / MC1011) Modify / etc / sysconfig / i18n file, such as lang = "en_us", XWindow displays the English interface, lang = "zh_cn.gb18030", XWindow displays the Chinese interface. There is also a method CP / etc / sysconfig / i18n $ home / .i18n modifies $ home / .i18n file, such as lang = "en_us", XWindow will display the English interface, lang = "zh_cn.gb18030", XWindow displays the Chinese interface .
This allows you to change your personal interface language, without affecting other user 0027 Setting the screen to 90 columns STTY COLS 900028 Using MD5SUM files MD5SUM ISOFILE> Hashfile, the MD5SUM file is compared with the Hashfile file content comparison, verify that the mixture value is consistent MD5Sum - C hashfile0029 decompresses multiple ZIP file unzip "*", pay attention to quotation marks less 0030 Look at the PDF file using XPDF or install the Acrobat Reader for Linux0031 File Find. -type F (-PERM-04000 -O -Perm) -02000) -Exec ls -lg {}; 0032 installed Chinese input method as an example, XWindow and its terminal do not have to say it, the default is installed, exhaled with Ctrl-Space. Now discuss pure console, please download zhcon.gnuchina.org/download/src/zhcon-0.2.1.tar.gz, in either directory, TAR XVFZ ENCON-0.2.1.tar.gz, CD ENCON-0.2. 1, ./configure ,make, make install. End of installation, want to use, run zhcon, want to exit, run the exit. 0033 Receive the pop-up CD (beike) #Eject -t0034cd CD Made ISO file (mentally wisdom) cp / dev / cdrom xxxx.iso0035 Quick Watch the power-on hardware detection (mentally wisdom) DMESG | more0036 View hard disk usage DF -K Displaying DF -H in K, M, G, T ... with K is displayed in K, M, g, and t .0037 Du -SH DIRNAME-S only shows total-h at K, M, G Unit, improve information readability. KB, MB, GB is a converter unit at 1024, and -H is converted at 1000. 0038 Find or delete the process (WWWZC) FUSER FileNamefuser -k filename0039 installation software RPM -IVH AAA.RPMTAR XVFZ AAA.TAR.GZ; CD AAA ;./configure; Make; Make Install0040 Setting / Remove Environment Variable Bash Set: Export Variable Name = Variable Variable Delete: Unset Variable Name CSH Set: STenv Variable Name Variable Value Delete: Unsetenv Variable Name 0041LS How to see. Where is the file in the LS -A0042RPM in the beginning? RPM -QPL AAA.RPM0043 Display color or does not display color vi ~ / .vimrc in src.rpmrc.rpm0044vim; if Syntax is ON, the color, SYNTAX OFF, does not display color 0045linux is real-time Still time-time operating system minute 0046make bzimage -j J, what is mainly used when your system hardware resources are relatively large, use this to speed up compilation speed, If you don't install the source code, you can see your source code on your CD on the RPM -I * kernel * source * .rpm.
0048 Modify System Time Date -S "2003-04-14 CST", CST Jem District, Time Setting Date -S 18: 100049 boot on the partition under Windows to automatically hang the Windows D disk to / MNT / D Up, use VI to open / etc / fstab, add the following line / dev / hda5 / mnt / d vfat defaults, codepage = 936, IOCHARSET = CP936 0 0 Note, first serve to create a / mNT / d Directory 0050linux how to use so much In order to improve system performance and non-waste memory, Linux makes multiple memory make cache to improve the last two numbers in the last two numbers in the IO speed 0051FSTAB (LNX3000), which is used to determine which one The file system needs to perform DUMP operation, 0 is not required; the second name is fs_passno, is the system restart when the FSCK program detection disk sequence number 1 is the root file system, 2 is another file system. FSCK Detects Disk by Sequence Number, 0 Indicates that the file system is not detected by the file system of DUMP execution EXT2 FSCK detection and repair file system 0052LinUX to make the user's password must have a certain length, and comply with complexity (EAPASS) VI / Etc / login.defs, translation in Pass_min_Len0053linux Star XDICT0054 Do not let the display sleep setterm -blank 0setterm -blank n (n is waiting time) 0055 with DAT query yesterday's Date --Date = YesterDay0056xWindow How to frame KSNAPSHOT or GIMP0057 unzipped small TAR XVFJ EXAMPLE.TAR.BZ2TAR XVFZ EXAMPLE.TAR.GZTAR XVFZ EXAMPLE.TAR.GZTAR XVFZ EXAMPLE.TGZTAR XVF EXAMPLE.TARUNZIP EXAMPLE.ZIP0058 Find a file in a multi-level directory (Qinghai Lake) Find / Dir -name filename.extdu -a | grep filename.extLocate filename.ext0059 Do not allow ordinary users to change password (MyXFC) [root @ xin_fc etc] # chmod 511 / usr / bin / passwd also wants ordinary users to change password [root @XIN_FC ETC] # chmod 4511 / usr / bin / passwd0060 graphics card I can't help it (win_bigboy) Go to http://www.redflag-linux.com/, the XFree86 4.3 installation can be installed .0061 Super delete Formatting tool (mentally mini) is safe than pqmagic, establishing deleting formatted gadgets: sfdisk.exe for msdoshttp:///www.wuseuang.net/soft/sfdisk.zip0062 How to make the correct Chinese in the XMMS playlist (MyXFC ) - * - * - * - * - * - ISO8859-1, -MISC-SIMSUN-Medium-r-NORMAL - 12 - * - * - * - * - * - GBK-0, * - R - put this Things are completely copied to your font: Right-click anywhere in the XMMS play tool to see an "option", then select "Fonts" to select "Fonts" and complete the above font to "Play" List "and" User X font0063 Listen MP3 (Hehhb) Redhat CD Cover Cover Cover Cover Can't play MP3 (silent), to download and install an RPM package: XMMS-MP3-1.2.7-13.p.i386.rpm installation can be installed. Open XMMS, CTL -p, in the font column, first tick in the upper half of the upper half, and then select "Fixed (MISC GBK-0 13" font to display the Chinese song song name.
Select "Open Audio System Driver 1.2.7 [LiOsS.so] in the audio output plugin to play MP3 files normally .0064 Install Chinese Font (Hehhb) first download http://freshair.netchina.com.cn/~george /SM.SH (Reference: http://www.linuxeden.com/edu/doctext.php?docid=2679) SiMSUN18030.TTC can be downloaded in Microsoft website, http://www.microsoft.com/china/windows2000 /Downloads/18030.asp It is an MSI file, install it in Mswindows, after installing it, you can find it in the Fonts directory under the Windows directory. Take SIMSun.ttc, Simsun18030.ttc, Tahoma.ttf, Tahomabd.ttf Copy to / usr / local / temp, then download the shell file in this directory, then open the terminal CD / USR / local / Tempchmod 755 sm.sh./sm.sh0065 loads the FAT32, FAT16 file system for Windows partition ( HHHB) Enter KDE as root, click the "Starting point" icon on the desktop, build the following folders: C, D, E, F, G, USB in / mnt directory. It is used as Windows and USB flash drives, respectively. Use the text editor to open the / etc / fstab file. Add the following: / dev / hda1 / mnt / c vfat ocharset = GB2312, umask = 0, CODEPAGE = 936 0 0 / dev / hda5 / mnt / d vfat ocharset = GB2312, umask = 0, codepage = 936 0 0 / dev / hda6 / mnt / e vfat ocharset = GB2312, umask = 0, codepage = 936 0 0 / dev / hda7 / mnt / f vfat ocharset = GB2312, umask = 0, codepage = 936 0 0 / DEV / HDA8 / MNT / G VFAT IOCHARSET = GB2312, Umask = 0, CODEPAGE = 936 0 0 / DEV / CDROM / MNT / CDROM UDF, ISO9660 NOAUTO, IOCHARSET = GB2312, Owner, Kudzu, RO 0 0 / DEV / S DA1 / MNT / USB VFAT IOCHARSET = GB2312, UMASK = 0, CODEPAGE = 936 0 0 Stock Exit. After restarting, you can access the FAT32 or FAT16 format partition, solve the problem of garbled code issues under the Windows partition and the disc Chinese file name. Six columns, each column is used for TAB mount. Note that this method can only mount on the FAT partition format. SDA1 is a flash drive.
0066 uses five pens and pinyin, location input method (HMKART) is installed from http://www.fcitx.org/, and how to extract the RAR file (hmkart) http: // in Linux Www.linuxeden.com/download/S.......... Download Rar for Linux 3.2.0, decompression Unveiled MAKE can then use unrar e youfilename.rar to extract RAR file 0068 hard drive How to add / delete Sakulagi redhat-config-packages --ioDir =
Start installing the open terminal emulator, continue to perform the following command to install the GAIM version 0.58, namely: CD / TEMP (enter the temp directory) RPM -IVH GAIM-0.58-2.i386.rpm (installation software) When the installation is successful, you can Establish a GAIM icon on the GNOME or KDE desktop. Continue to install QQ plug-in, type command: gunzip libqq-0.0.3-ft-0.58-gcc296.so.gz (decompress file) CP libqq-0.0.3-ft-0.58-gcc296.so / usr / lib / gaim (Copy plug-in to the GAIM library directory) The Software Settings When the GAIM version 0.85 is first launched, the login interface will appear. First select "Plug-in", click "Load" in the Plugin dialog box, load libmsn.so and libqq-0.0.3-ft-0.58-gcc296.so file, and turn it off after confirmation. Then select "All Accounts", continue to click "Add" in the account editor that appears, when you appear, we can enter your QQ or MSN number, login name fill in the QQ number or MSN mailbox. The password fills in the corresponding QQ or MSN password, Alias fill in its own nickname, the protocol selects the corresponding QQ or MSN, and other settings can be default. You can log in when all settings are complete. 0006 Identity 22 port Now run what program LSOF -I: 220007 View this machine's IP, Gateway, DNSIP: Log in with root, executes ifconfig. Where ETH0 is the first network card, LO is the default device Gateway: Log in to the root user, execute netstat -rn, the Gateway, which is starting with 0.0.0.0, is the default gateway, you can also view the / etc / sysconfig / network file, inside Have a specified address! DNS: more /etc/reslov.conf, the content is specified as follows: Nameserver 202.96.69.38nameserver 202.96.64.3800080008RH8.0 Command line Easily change the ping TTL value (cgWeb) #Sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_default_ttl = n (n = 0 ~ 255), if n> 255, the TTL = 00009RH8.0 command line Easily change the system configuration default value (houaq) editing /etc/sysctl.conf, for example, change Net.IPv4.ip_forward = 0 to NET .ipv4.ip_forward = 1 After restart, take effect, use sysctl -a to see the directory mount -t smbfs -o usrname = guest, password = guest // machine / path / mnt / cdrom0011 Allow | Machine / Path / MNT / CDROM0011 Allow | No root changes SSHD_CONFIGERMITROTLOGIN No | YES0012 Let root Telnet login Edit /et Cam.d/login, remove auth request /lib/security/pam_securetty.so This sentence 0013 in Linux ADSL device Need a normal Linux at least one network card broadband device has been applied, and there are probably several ADSL equipment in the market, and the way they work has some subtle differences.
It is the process of completing the Internet through virtual dialing, that is, using the PPPoE device to perform virtual dial-up calls, it is an automatic dial-up work after power-on, then left to our interface is RJ45. The gateway that is generally left to our Dalian area is 10.0.0.2. This device is most likely to deal with. Finally, it is directly assigned to a fixed IP, which is relatively easy to deal with it. 1. The first need is dialing: Several devices communicate with the computer via the ETH interface, so the connection of the hardware device is first, especially the broadband cat, must confirm the correctness (otherwise, don't go anything in a while, don't just count, you don't think about me) and start the system, Confirm that the software is installed on the system (to find the user via rpm -qa | grep pppoe), if the user is not installed, in the disc or go online to Down, after installing, perform ADSL with root users Setup, this enters the setting status of ADSL data, requires input to apply for broadband usernames and other information, confirm that there is no problem, accept until the end (inside is E text, but can understand, simple, I usually don't have to use a firewall setting, I can choose 0, everyone can consider). After the configuration is complete, the ADSL-START is executed with root users, which will make ADSL's dial-up work, will be online, if there is any specific problem, look at the log (/ var / log / messages) tells you what.
Stop ADSL, you can perform ADSL-STOP (very simple) 2. The other two are easier to deal with: full-time cat: Just set your network card IP to a 10-network IP, then the gateway refers to full On the IP of the cat (10.0.0.2), it is basically not too big to fix IP: like the network card to which you have a local child, you can get the IP, gateway, and DNS, you can get the 0014 Linux automatic synchronization time (shunz) VI / etc / crontab plus a sentence: 00 0 1 * * root rdate -s time.nist.gov0015Linux online resources What foreign http://lwn.net/http://www. Tldp.org/http://www.yolinux.com/ (FLYING-DANCE BIG BIG PIG) http://www.justlinux.com/http://www.linuxtoday.com/http://www.linuxquestions. ORG / http://www.fokus.gmd.de/linux/http: //www.linux-tutorial.info/http: //public.www.planetmirror.com/http://www.freebsdforumus.org/ Forums / http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/http://www-106.ibm.com/developerWorks/Linux/ domestic http://www.fanqiang.com/http://www.linuxsir.com /Http://www.chinaunix.neet/http://www.linuxfans.org/(deadcat )http://www.linuxeden.com/http://www.linuxforum.net/http://www. Linuxaid.com.cn/http://freesoft.online.sh.cn/http://www-900.ibm.com/developerwor...nux/index.shtmlhttp://www.neweasier.com/software. HTML0016 Beijing Training Point http://www.milkyway.com.cn/0017 Change Telnet port / etc / services You can modify the desired port number. Restart the daemon 0018 Terminal mode There is a problem (Sakulagi) Export Term = VT1000019 imitating the super terminal, what program connection in Linux connects the router and switch (Alstone) minicom0020SH can not disconnect unloading ( WIND521) That is the Timetou setting, modify the TMOUT variable 0021 What tools use tools to detect Snort0022Linux tool CChecker or Efernce Guards can 0023Linux How to monitor all the data TCPDUMP ipTRAF0024 of the NTD iptraf0024 Many commands have said that command not found, you must be Telnet to D, then SU is root, change your su command format, should be Su - root0025 Close user's POP3 permissions (tiansgx) Pop3 port is closed . Find this line POP-3 110 / TCP in File / etc / services to add this line to a #, you can comment out.
0026linux playing Flash Animation (Myxfc) LINUX Play flash animation with this thing, will not cause the browser to close (other plugin is not easy) first download flash play animation in Linux plugin http://www.collaborium.org /onux/j...sh_linux.tar.gztar zxvf Flash_Linux.tar.gz After opening the package, you will see the Linux folder in the Linux file, there are two files libflashplayer.so and shockwaveflash.class, put these two files Copy to your browser in your browser (the browser is different, the location of the plugin may not be the same) /usr/lib/mozilla-1.0.1/plugins, you can lock the WU-FTP user directory (WANGLA) Edit FTPAccess file restrict-uid * This sentence is important to limit FTP users in their own directory. 0028 While the server does not allow Telnet (Know Qiuyi) server to start the Telnet service && server's firewall priority should be set to low 0029 to prevent anyone from using the su command to become root (xiaohu0) 1.vi /etc/pam.d/ Suauth sufficient /lib/security/pam_rootok.so debugauth request /lib/security/pam_wheel.so group = Wheel2. In / etc / pam. D / su configuration file defines the Wheel group. --------- ------------------- Draft program development ------------------------ 0001linux Debug Core file GDB
Add a simple way: add / usr / local / lib to /etc/ld.so.conf, then run LDConfig ----------------------- ----- Classic Book -------------------------- 0001GNU / Linux Advanced Network Application Service Guide LinuxAid Website Machinery Press Press Advantages: It is also the shortcomings of the whole, all is the shortcomings of the actual combat: aimed at the version: redhat 6.20002linux Apache Web Server Management Guide Charles AULDS Machinery Press Advantages: At present, I haven't found a problem about Apache This book has not been shortcomings. : For 1.3.x, the latest for 2.0. * The Chinese version of the 0003linux kernel situation analysis Zhejiang University Press has the advantages: It is too penetration, can't understand the shortcomings: or the version problem, huh, the kernel update is too fast, but Still 0004Unix Environment Advanced Programming Richard Stevens Machinery Press Advantages: Broadcasting: Beginner is difficult to understand, otherwise how to call "Advanced Programming"? 0005 Programming Essence - Microsoft Writing High Quality Unlike C Documents Tips Steve MAGUIRE Electronic Industry Press Advantages: Do not say, the author is the shortcomings of the VC development group: It is difficult to find, 0006Understanding the Linux kernel, 1994 Edition 0007Unix operating system tutorial (English version) (mentally wisdom) by Syed Mansoor Sarwar ... Machinery Press: Shallow Easy, focusing on UNIX basic concept and overall understanding, BCKEA. Disadvantages: There is no Chinese version 0008Unix programming environment (mentally wisdom) by Brian W.kernighan, Rob Pike Characteristics: Shallow, in-depth disclosure explains how to use UNIX and various tools, briefly introduce UNIX programming environment; contrast " Unix Environment Advanced Programming, this book is suitable for newcomers. Cons: There is no English version 0009The Art of UNIX Programming (hutuworm) Author: Eric Steven Raymond URL: http://catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/html/ advantages: Advantages ES Raymond classics would not have said Disadvantages, have been updated, current version 0.73, after reading it, I will give you a new version, I feel very unhappy 0010Unix network programming - volume one "socket API and X / Open Transfer interface API" (SLG1972) Tsinghua W.Richard Stevens Substantially explains the UNIX network programming non-door-level thing 0011unix network programming - Volume 2 "Process Communication" (SLG1972) Tsinghua W.Richard Stevens (Soft) Detailed explanation between UNIX, The relationship between threads, as well as a variety of different standard process programming. Non-entry-level things 0012Unix network programming - volume three "app" (SLG1972) I have not bought it so far, it should be good. 0013 "Based on C CORBA Advanced Programming" (SLG1972) Qingda Michi Henning, Steve Vinoski is a must-have for the CORBA application. Non-door-level stuff.
Q: When installing Linux, how much is the SWAP area? A: Generally, (non-large load servers), if there is 256MB or less, the SWAP area is preferably twice the memory; there is 256MB and above, the SWAP area is set to 128MB. Q: How do I access the Windows partition under Linux? A: If you access the hard disk partition under Linux, you must first use the mount command to load the partition to a directory of Linux to access. First use the "fdisk -l" command (some versions may need to use the "FDISK -L Hard Disk Name") to view the hard disk partition, the operations are as follows: $ fdisk -ldisk / dev / hda: 255 heads, 63 Sectors, 4865 cylindersunits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System / dev / hda1 1 386 3100513 b Win95 FAT32 / dev / hda2 * 387 388 16065 83 Linux / dev / hda3 389 4865 35961502 f Win95 Extd (LBA) / dev / hda5 389 399 88326 82 Linux swap / dev / hda6 400 1445 8401963 b Win95 FAT32 / dev / hda7 1446 1963 4160803 b Win95 FAT32 / dev / hda8 1964 2491 4241128 83 Linux / dev / hda9 2492 3537 8401963 b Win95 FAT32 / DEV / HDA10 3538 4347 6506293 B WIN95 FAT32 / DEV / HDA11 4348 4865 4160803 83 Linux can be seen, there are 5 Windows partitions on the hard disk, named / dev / hda1, / dev / hda6, / dev / hda7, / DEV / HDA9, / DEV / HDA10. The general usage of the mount command is as follows: Mount -T partition format partition location Location To access / dev / hda1 content, you can use the following code: $ mount -t vfat / dev / hda1 / mnt / c -t vfat Type is VFAT (Windows 95 FAT32) partition format; / dev / hda1 is loaded; / mnt / c represents a directory of the name C in Linux / mnt directory, if not, use the mkdir command to establish This catalog. If you are required to write a partition, use the following command: $ mount -rw -t vfat / dev / hda1 / mnt / c represents READ and WRITE. Q: How do I make the Chinese file name (directory name) in the Windows partition correctly displayed? A: After loading the Windows partition with the mount command, Chinese often appear as "?". This is because the libelted kernel derogates with ISO-8859 encoders to process the load on the Windows partition file (directory) name, only handling the single-byte English font and cannot display the double-byte Chinese font. To properly display, you can load the Windows partition with the following: $ mount -t vfat -o iocharset = cp936 / dev / hda1 / mnt / c This command allows the kernel to handle the file (directory) name of the Windows partition with the CP936 encoding, thus Correctly displaying a Chinese file (directory) name.
There is also a method of "one-life, eternal", that is, reconfigure the kernel, fill in the CP936 in "File Systems" - "Native Language Support" - "Default NLS Option". After recompilating the kernel, there is no need to add -O IoCharset = CP936 parameters to display correctly. Q: Why use the -RW parameter to load the Windows partition, only root users can read and write, ordinary users can only read, can not write? A: Directly use the Mount -RW loaded Windows partition, all files are only read permissions for ordinary users without writing permissions (but root users have write permissions). To make ordinary users can also read and write, add umask = 000 parameters in the mount command, the code is as follows: $ mount -rw -t vfat -o umask = 000, IoCharset = CP936 / DEV / HDA1 / MNT / C Questions : How to automatically enter the graphical interface when Linux starts? A: Edit / etc / inittab file, find the following line code: ID: 3: INitDefault: It defines the INIT action level after Linux enters the system, with the following 6 levels: level 0, hang, shutdown mode; Level 1 , Single user mode; level 2, multi-user mode, but no network function; level 3, full-feature single user mode; level 4, no use; level 5, x11 mode, the graphical interface mode; Level 6, Ratse mode. Obviously, to automatically enter the graphical interface, change 3 to 5. Pay attention to not set to 0 or 6, otherwise Linux will automatically shut down or automatically after booting. Q: How do you make normal users can use sound cards? A: The application uses the sound card by default by accessing / dev / dsp. In some versions, the permissions for / dev / dsp devices are set to only the root user can access (read). To allow normal users to use / dev / dsp, do the following command: $ chmod 666 / dev / dsp Q: How to make XMMS play a list of Chinese songs when playing MP3? A: XMMS default fonts are ISO-8859 encoding and cannot handle double-by-one font. Take XMMS 1.2.7 as an example, to display Chinese correctly, you can do the following: Run XMMS, click Right click in the main window; select "Options" - "Function Set" in the pop-up menu; Fontssets "and" Use x font "option; then click the" Browse "button, select a Chinese font (such as fangsong ti) in the pop-up" Halft Selection "window; click" Apply "to see the effect. Q: How to edit and save files with VI? A: VI is the editor commonly used under the Linux terminal or under the console, the basic operation mode is: VI / path / file name, for example, Vi / etc / fstab represents the contents of the display / etc / fstab file.
