WHOIS
Function Description: Find and display user information.
Script: WHOIS [account name]
Supplementary Description: The WHOIS instruction will look up and display the user-related information of the specified account, because it is to find the WHOIS database of Network Solutions, so the account name must be seized above, and the name does not have case difference.
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Whoami
Function Description: Displays the user name.
Language: whoami [--help] [- version]
Supplementary Description: Show your own user name, this instruction is equivalent to executing the "ID -UN" instruction.
Parameters: - Help online help. --Version displays version information.
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WHO
Function Description: Displays user information currently logged in the system.
Language: WHO [-HimqSW] [- Help] [- Version] [AM I] [Record File]
Supplementary Description: Executing this instruction can be learned that there are currently those user login systems that separate the WHO instructions will list the login account, the terminal used, login time, and where to log in or which X display is being used.
Parameters: -H or --Heading Displays the title information column of each column. -i or -u or -idle displays the idle time, if the user has any action within the previous minute, will be indicated ".", if the user has more than 24 hours, there is no action, then indicate " OLD "string. -M The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "AM I" string. -Q or --count only shows the login system account name and total number of people. -S This parameter will ignore the processes that are not processed, only responsible for resolving other versions of the WHO directive. -W or -t or --mesg or --Message or --Writable Displays the user's information status bar. --Help online help. --Version displays version information.
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w
Function Description: Displays user information currently logged in the system.
Syndrome: w [-fhlsuv] [User Name]
Supplementary Description: Executing this directive can learn that users of the current login system have those people, and the programs they are performing. Alone the W command displays all users, you can also specify the user name, only the information about a user is displayed.
The parameter: -f is turned on or off Displays where the user logs in the system. -H does not display the title information column of each field. -L uses a list of detailed formats, this is a preset value. -S uses a list of simple formats without displaying the CPU time consumed by the user login time, the terminal stage job and the program. -U ignores the name of the executing program and the information of the CPU time. -V Displays version information.
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Vlock (Virtual Console Lock)
Function Description: Lock the virtual terminal.
Language: vlock [-chv]
Supplementary Description: Execute the VLOCK instruction to lock the virtual terminal to avoid others.
The parameters: -A or - AlL locks all the terminal phases, if you use this parameter in the terminal of the full screen, the function of switching the terminal with the keyboard is turned off. -C or --current locks the current terminal phase job, this is a preset value. -H or --help online help. -V or --Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- --------
Usermod
Function Description: Modify the user account.
Syntax: usermod [-lu] [- c
Supplementary Description: UserMod can be used to modify the settings of the user account.
Parameters: -C
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Userdel
Function Description: Delete the user account.
Syndrome: Userdel [-r] [User Account]
Supplementary Description: Userdel deletes user accounts and related files. If you don't add parameters, only the user account is deleted without deleting the related files.
Parameters: -f Deletes the user login directory and all files in the directory.
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Userconf
Function Description: User Account Setup program.
Syntax: UserConf [--addgroup
Supplementary Description: UserConf actually connects to LinuxConf symbols, providing the operation mode of the graphical interface, providing administrators to establish and manage all kinds of accounts. If you do not add any parameters, you will enter the graphical interface.
Number: - ADGROUP
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UserAdd
Function Description: Create a user account.
Syntax: UserAdd [-MMNR] [- C
Parameters: -C
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uname
Function Description: Displays system information.
Syndrome: uname [-amnrsv] [- help] [- Version]
Supplementary Description: Uname can display the information about the computer and the operating system.
Parameters: -a or --all shows all information. -M or -machine displays a computer type. -N or -nodeename is displayed on the host name. -R or -release displays the issuance number of the operating system. -S or --sysname Displays the operating system name. -V Displays the version of the operating system. --Help shows help. --Version displays version information.
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TOP
Function Description: Displayed, manage the program in execution.
Language: TOP [BCIQSS] [D
Supplementary Description: Execute the TOP instruction to display the program currently executed in the system and manage it with a thermal bond by the interactive interface it provides.
Parameters: b Use the batch mode. C When the program is listed, the full instructions of each program are displayed, including information such as the command name, path, and parameters. D
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TLOAD
Function Description: Displays the system load condition.
Skill: TLOAD [-V] [- D
Parameters: -D
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Swatch (Simple Watcher)
Function Description: System Monitor.
Syntax: SWATCH [-A
Supplementary Description: SWATCH can be used to monitor the system record file and perform the specified action when a specific event is found. Swatch monitored events and the actions of the corresponding events are stored in the configuration file of Swatch. The preset profile is the .swatchrc in the root directory. However, in Red Hat Linux's preset user root directory, no .swatchrc configuration file, you can copy the /usr/doc/swatch-2.2/config_files/swatchrc.personal file to the user's root directory, and then modify. The event and execution of the SwatchRC to monitor.
Parameters: -A
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Suspend
Function Description: Pause the SHELL.
Syndrome: Suspend [-f]
Supplementary Description: Suspend is an instruction of the Shell, which is suspended at present. To recover, you must use SigCont information.
Parameters: -f If the SHELL currently executed is the login shell, the Suspend preset cannot suspend this shell. To force the SHELL to be suspended, the -f parameter must be used.
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Sudo
Function Description: Execute instructions in other identities.
Syndo: sudo [-bhhpv] [- s] [- u
Supplementary Description: sudo allows users to perform the specified instructions in other identities, and the preset identity is root. A user who can perform SUDO instructions in / etc / sudoers is set. If its unauthorized user attempts to use sudo, a warning message will be issued to the administrator. When the user uses sudo, you must first enter your password, then there is a 5-minute payment period, and the password must be re-entered. Parameters: -b Execute instructions in the background. -H display help. -H Set the Home environment variable to the HOME environment variable of the new identity. -K End Password's validity period, that is, the password is required when SUDO will be executed next time. -L lists the current user executable instructions that cannot be performed. -P change the prompt symbol of the password. -S Execute the specified shell. -U
SU (Super USER)
Function Description: Change the user identity.
Solution: Su [-flmp] [- Help] [- Version] [-] [- c
Supplementary Description: The SU allows users to temporarily change login identity. You must enter the user account and password you want to change when you change.
Parameters: -C
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SLIPLOGIN
Function Description: Add the SLIP interface to standard input.
Solution: Sliplogin [User Name]
Supplementary Description: Sliplogin can add SLIP interface to standard inputs, turn the connection of the general terminal into a SLIP connection. It is usually available to establish a SLIP server, allowing remote computers to connect to the server in SLIP. Sliplogin is logged to check if there is the same user name in the /etc/slip/slip.hosts file. After checking, SlipLogin calls execution shell script to set an network interface environment such as an IP address, subnet mask. This shell script is usually /etc/slip/slip.login.
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Shutdown
Function Description: System shutdown instructions.
Syntax: Shutdown [-effhknr] [- t second] [Time] [Warning Information]
Supplementary Description: The shutdown instruction can turn off all programs and perform the action of rebooting or shutting down according to the needs of the user.
Parameters: -c When executing the "Shutdown -h 11:50" instruction, you can interrupt the instruction of the shutdown as long as pressing the button. -F is restarted without performing FSCK. The -f is restarted to execute FSCK. -H Put the system. -K just sent information to all users, but not actually shuts down. -N does not call the init program to shut down, but by Shutdown itself. -R shutdown is restarted. -T
Screen
Function Description: Multiple views of the window management program.
Scription: Screen [-amrvx -ls -wipe] [- D
Supplementary description: Screen is a multi-view window management program. The so-called window here refers to a full-screen text mode screen. It is usually possible to use the Screen program only if you log in to the host or using an old-fashioned terminal.
Parameters: -A Adjusts all the windows to the current terminal size. -D
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RWho
Function Description: View system users.
Scription: rwho [-a]
Supplementary Description: The effect of the RWHO directive is similar to the WHO directive, but it displays users of all hosts in the local area. The host must provide the function of the RWHOD resident service, and the RWHO directive can be used.
Parameters: -A Lists all users, including users with idle time more than 1 hour.
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RSH (Remote Shell)
Function Description: The shell of the remote login.
Skill: RSH [-DN] [- l
Supplementary description: RSH provides a user environment, which is the shell, so that the instruction can be executed on the specified remote host.
Parameters: -d uses the Socket level of the tired function. -L
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Rlogin (Remote login)
Function Description: Remote login. Syndrome: Rlogin [-8EL] [- E
Parameters: -8 Allows input 8-bit character data. -E Drafted Character> Setting the detachment character. -E filter is detached from the character. -L User Name> Specifies the user name to be logged to the remote host. -L uses the Litout mode to perform remote login phase operations.
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renice
Function Description: Adjust priority.
Syndrome: renice [priority rating] [- g
Supplementary Description: The renice directive re-adjusts the priority level executed by the program. The preset is to adjust its priority with the program identification code specified, you can also specify the program group or user name to adjust the priority level, and modify all priorities that belong to the program group or user. Level range from -20--19, only system managers can change the priority of other user programs, and only system managers can set negative rating. Parameters: -g
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Reboot
Function Description: Replay.
Syndrome: DREBOOT [-DFINW]
Supplementary Description: Execute the Reboot instruction allows the system to stop operating and reboot.
Parameters: -D Do not write data to record files / VAR / TMP / WTMP when you replay. This parameter has the effect of "-n" parameters. -F is forced to reboot, do not call the function of the shutdown instruction. -I Before restarting, turn off all network interfaces. -N re-opening procedure before you have not ended. -W Only test, don't really turn your system, will only write the data of the data of the / var / log directory to the WTMP record file.
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PStree (Process Status Tree)
Function Description: Displays the program with a tree graph.
Language: PStree [-acghlnpuuv] [- H
Supplementary Description: The PStree instruction displays the tree structure with the ASCII character, clearly expressing the interregional relationship between the program. If the program identification code or user name is not specified, the first program when the system is started is considered a base layer, and all the programs after it is displayed. If the user name is specified, it will be used as a base layer with the first program belonging to the user, and then all programs of the user are displayed.
Parameters: -a Displays the full instructions of each program, including paths, parameters, or indications for the resident service. -C does not use a streamlined sign. -G uses the VT100 terminal of the column character. -H lists the tree graphs, specifically indicates the currently executed. -H
PS (Process Status)
Function Description: Reporting procedure status.
Syntax: PS [-AACDefhjlmnvwy] [ACEFGHLNRSSTUVXX] [- c Supplementary Description: PS is an instruction used to report the execution status, you can display unnecessary programs with the KILL instruction. The parameter: -a Displays the program executed under all terminals, except for phase work leaders. A shows all programs under the current terminal, including programs for other users. -A Displays all programs. -C Displays the CLS and PRI fields. C When the program is listed, the true command name of each program is displayed without the indication of the path, parameters, or resident services. -C --Headers Repeat the title column. --Help online help. --Info displays the tired information. --Lines Procinfo (Process Information) Function Description: Displays the system status. Syndrome: procinfo [-ABDDFHIMSSV] [- f Supplementary Description: The Procinfo directive reads related data from the / proc directory, and outputs the data properly to the standard output device. Parameters: -a Displays all information. -B Displays the number of blocks of disk devices, rather than access. -D Display System Information The difference between per second, not the sum of the sum. This parameter must be used with the "-f" parameter using the -D this parameter effect and the specified "-d" parameter, but the information of the memory and exchange file is the sum value. -F enters the interactive operation interface of the full screen. -F -------------------------------------------------- - Nice Function Description: Set priority. Method: Nice [-N Supplementary Description: The NICE instruction can change the priority level of the program execution. Parameters: -N NewGRP Function Description: Log in to another group. Syndrome: Newgrp [Group Name] Supplementary description: NewGRP instructions Similar to the login directive, when it is the same account, another group name, login again. To switch the group using the NewGRP instruction, you must be the user of the group, otherwise you will not be able to log in to the specified group. Single users should be partially affiliated with multiple groups, and they need to be used alternately. If you do not specify a group name, the NewGRP instruction will log in to the user name of the user name. -------------------------------------------------- - Logrotate Function Description: Manage record files. Syndrody: Logrotate [-? DFV] [- S Supplementary Description: Use the logrotate directive to make you easily manage the record files generated by the system. It provides automatic replacement, compression, deletion, and mailing record files, each recorded files can be set to daily, weekly or monthly, can also be processed immediately when the file is too large. You must edit itself, specify the configuration file, and the preset configuration file is stored in the / etc directory, the file name is logrotate.conf. Parameters: -? Or - help online help. -D or --debug details the instruction execution process, which is easy to troubleshoot or understand the program execution. -F or --force forcibly launching record file maintenance operation, even if the logrotate instruction is not required. -S -------------------------------------------------- -------- Logout Function Description: Exit the system. Language: logout Supplementary Description: logout instruction allows the user to exit the system, its function and the login directive corresponds to each other. -------------------------------------------------- - Logname Function Description: Displays the user name. Language: logname [--help] [- version] Supplementary Description: Execute the logName command, which will display the name of the current user. Parameters: - Help online help. --Vesion displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- -------- login Function Description: Login System. Language: login Supplementary Description: Login Directive allows the user to log in to the system, you can also replace the login at any time via its feature. In the SlackWare release, you can attach the user name to which you want to log in later, which will ask the password directly and wait for the user to enter. When the / etc directory contains files with NOLOGIN, the system only logs in the system, and other users are not allowed to log in. -------------------------------------------------- ----- Lastb Function Description: List the user-related information that the login system failed. Syndb [-adrx] [- f Supplementary Description: Alone Execute the LastB instruction, which reads the file located in / var / log directory, named BTMP, and records the login failed user list of the file content record, all displayed. Parameters: -A Displays the host name or IP address from which to the system is displayed in the last line. -D converts IP addresses to host names. -F -------------------------------------------------- ----- last Function Description: List the information about the user's login system. Language: Last [-adrx] [- f Supplementary Description: Perform the LAST instruction separately, which reads the file located in the / var / log directory, named WTMP, and display all user lists of the login system of the content recorded by the file. Parameters: -A Log in to the host name or IP address from the system, displayed in the last line. -D converts IP addresses to host names. -F -------------------------------------------------- ------- Kill Function Description: Delete programs or work in execution. Skill: Kill [-s Supplementary Description: KILL can send the specified information to the program. The preset information is Sigterm (15) to terminate the specified program. If the program is still unable to terminate, you can use Sigkill (9) information to try to force the program. The number of programs or work can be viewed by PS instructions or JOBS instructions. Parameters: -l -------------------------------------------------- --------- id Function Description: Displays the user's ID and the ID of the group. Solution: ID [-ggnru] [- Help] [- version] [User Name] Supplementary Description: The ID will display the actual and valid ID of the user and the group. If the two IDs are the same, only the actual ID is displayed. If only the user name is specified, the ID of the current user is displayed. Parameters: -g or --Group Displays the ID of the user belonging to the group. -G or --Groups Displays the ID of the user's attached group. -N or --Name Displays the name of the user, the group, or attached group. -R or -real displays the actual ID. -U or --user displays the user ID. -Help shows help. -Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- ------------ Halt Function Description: Turn off the system. Syndrome: Halt [-dfinpw] Supplementary description: HALT will first detect the system's RunLvel. If RunLVEL is 0 or 6, turn off the system, otherwise call ShutDown to turn off the system. Parameters: -D Do not record in WTMP. -F No matter what the current Runlevel is not called Shutdown, it is mandatory shutdown system. -I Before Halt, close all network interfaces. - N Halt Don't perform SYNC first. After -P Halt, execute Poweroff. -W only records in WTMP, not actually ending the system. -------------------------------------------------- ------------ Groupmod (Group Modify) Function Description: Change the group identification code or name. Syndrody: GroupMod [-g Supplementary description: When you need to change the group's identification code or name, you can use the GroupMod instruction to complete this work. Parameters: -g -------------------------------------------------- -------- GroupDel (Group delete) Function Description: Delete the group. Syndrome: GroupDel [Group Name] Supplementary description: When you need to delete the group from the system, you can use the GroupDel directive to complete this work. If some users are included in the group, they must first remove the groups before removing. -------------------------------------------------- ------------ Gitps (GNU Interactive Tools Process Status) Function Description: Reporting procedure status. Solution: gitps [ACEFGJLNRSSTUVWXX] [P Supplementary Description: gitps is the instruction used to report and manage the execution, basically it is reported by the PS command, the management program, can also be interrupted at any time through the gitps instruction, delete unnecessary programs. Because the gitps instruction will perform the PS instruction, the parameters and PS instructions are quite similar. Parameters: a shows all programs under the current terminal, including programs for other users. C When the program is listed, the true command name of each program is displayed without including the path, parameters, or the resident service. E Lists the program, display the environment variables used by each program. F Displays the tree structure and the interregional relationship between the program is displayed with the ASCII character. G Displays all programs under the current terminal, including the group leader. J uses the format of work control to display the program status. L Displays the program status in a slender format. N Use a number to represent the USER and WCHAN fields. P fwhois Function Description: Find and display user information. Script: fwhios [account name] Supplementary Description: The function of this directive is a bit similar to the finger directive, which will look up and display the user-related information of the specified account. The difference is that the FWhois directive is to find the WHOIS database of Network Solutions, which must be registered above to find it, and the name is different. -------------------------------------------------- ---- Free Function Description: Displays the memory status. Syndrome: free [-bkmotv] [- S Supplementary Description: Free instructions displays the usage of memory, including physical memory, virtual exchange file memory, shared memory segment, and buffers used in the system. Parameters: The memory usage is displayed in BYTE. -K displays memory usage in KB. -M Displays memory usage in MB. -O does not display buffer adjustment columns. -S -------------------------------------------------- --- finger Function Description: Find and display user information. Scripting: finger [-lmsp] [account name ...] Supplementary Description: The finger instruction will look for and display the user-related information of the specified account, including the user of the local and remote host, and the account name is not case different. Execute the finger directive separately, which displays the local host's login information of all users, including account names, real names, login terminals, idle time, login time, and address.
