Chapter 12 Tools and Utilities This chapter includes: • N S L O O K u p: N S L O O K u P Tool Includes in Windows NT and Windows 2000 and always supplied with the B i N D package. This very useful diagnostic tool offers many options and provides a way to track D n s queries from head to tail. • D i g: D i g does not have N s L o o k u p so powerful. It also supplies with B i n d and provides more information than N S L O K Up. • D N S C M D: The resource toolbox of Windows 2000 provides command line tool D n s c m d for completing the D n S server management task. No tool can only complete D N S server management tasks through the management interface of the D N S server. • P i n g: P i N g Tool provides the easiest way to verify that another host on the network can be turned on. It may be the most commonly used diagnostic tool for T C P / I P. • PATHPING: This Windows 2000 unique command provides information similar to T R A C E R T similar to T R A C E R T in P i N g. • T R A C E R T: The TR a C E R T tool can indicate the route passed from one computer to another computer. This command is similar to the T r a c e R O U t e command under U N i X. • N e T L A B: N e t L A b is "Swiss Army Swarf" in the Network Tool. This sharing software can be free and have a variety of tools, using a simple and friendly graphical interface. • H O S: H O S is the second free software tool selected in this chapter. This command line tool provides a lot of advanced query features, such as using N S L O o K up, a series of commands can be done. • I P C O N f i g: Windows NT and Windows 2000 Built-in command line tool I P C O N g f i g can provide basic information about how each T C P / I P network interface is configured, and provide control of D h c P clients. • W i N i P c f G: Windows 95 and Windows 98 built-in graphical interface tools. W i n i p c fg can also provide basic information for each T C P / I P network interface. • N e t D i a g: The resource toolbox for Windows 2000 provides a command line tool N e t d r a g that can be used to complete various network configuration tasks. It is most useful when diagnosing an active directory support, and there are many problems caused by D N s. • N e t s h: It is a new web interface tool for Windows 2000. This interface provides a wide range of settings, and allows the context expansion. Although it does not provide D n s, network interface, D h c p, and W i n s context, but for beginners, it is still a tool that must be learned when performing Windows 2000 network management. • N e t S t a t: Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000 built-in command line tools. N E T S T A T provides information on the T c P / I P interface, but also provides information about routing, connection, port, and connection statistics. • N b T S TI T: Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000 Command Boards. The support N b T S t a t for D N S service in Wi N D O W s provides N E T B I O S information, including connection and statistics, and provides setting control in some platforms.
• System Montor: This is the standard tool for Windows NT and 2 0 0 0. It has a D n S object with many useful counters that overwrite many of the important aspects of D N S server operability statistics. • NETMON: This is a tool for Windows 2000 and NT standards for communications that are being monitored in the packet level. 12.1 NSLOOKUPN S L O O K up is the most common tool for manual D n s queries. This unique tool has a property: it can simulate the standard customer parser or analog servers. As a customer parser, N S L O O K u P can directly query information to the server. And used as a server, N S L O O K up can be transmitted from the domain zone from the primary server to the secondary server. This tool can be used in two modes: non-interactive mode (at this time, enter a complete command from the command line, such as NSLooku PW W W. EXAMPLE. NET) and interactive mode (only type NSLOOKUP and enter, do not enter parameters ). Any mode can pass the parameters to N S L O O K u P, but use interactive mode more in the event of a domain name server. In interactive mode, you can type HEE L p or "?" Under the prompt ">" to get help information. Executing the H E L P command will provide basic information about the commands involved in the following sections. Note An example of most commands in this chapter is performed in the interaction mode of N S L O O K U P. The use of N S L O O K U P in non-interactive mode is as follows. If the N s L O K K u p command is executed on the local host, the default domain name server is N s. W i n 2 0 0 0 D n s. C O m (Note W i N 2 0 0 0 D n s. C O m This address is only an example). Note "N o n -authoritative Answer" line, this is the only thing to indicate whether the query is from the cache. If the server is the authorization server of the name, this line will not appear. It can also be used: nslookup www.example.net venera.isi.edu, where the second host name is used to replace the default server. It can be seen that the current answer is authorized. If you are using the command line mode, you want to use some of the parameters that will be told using the subsequent section, remember to put these parameters in front and you can omit these parameters to remain unique, and will not be confused with other parameters. If you want to see all the communication during the parsing process, you can use the command nslookup -d2 www.example.net venera.isi.edu, although most of the time use parameters - D is enough. Before the options provided by N S L O O K U P, you will first introduce several points that you need to remember when using this tool. The previous mentioned that N s L O o K u p has its own parser. Since N S L O O K up can send a recursive query or iterative query, you need to specify the way used by the parser. When debugging the D n S server, often requires the information from the default recursive query to iterative queries to check the information learned from the D n S server. Support for D n s services in the 134 third part of the resource records returned by option set type = anY Limit.
Types are sometimes useful. If all types are not required, use parameters other than A n y, the default value is a record. By using the options Server Name and Lserver Name, the parser will point to your server or other server, and the process of the parameter n a m e itself is different under both options. If you have used the option server XY Z to point the parser to a illegal machine x. Y. Z, then use Server Some.good.nameserver will fail because x. Y. Z cannot be used to resolve some. Good. Nameserver . In this case, you must use the I P protocol or use lserver some.good.nameserver, assuming local servers (ie, L S E R V E R) is a legal name server. By setting Option D e f n a m e, D O m a i n, s e a r C H, and S R C H L i s t or a full domain name with a sentence suffix can be used to control the dodeca. When you have any questions, perform the interactive command set all to see the current configuration. Finally, one thing that is not easy to attract attention to Wi N D O W S users is that C T R L C can be used to terminate the execution of the command. If you start using the command L s and want to execute in the middle of the stop, then C T R L C will return you to the command prompt of N S L O K u P. 12.1.1 Help (?) Commands h e l p or? Command Displays the help information and the very simple command summary. The syntax of this command is as follows: or the return result is as follows: Chapter 1 2 Charter Tools and Utility 135 The following options are listed in the earlier versions of the WINDOWS NSLOOKUP, providing the NSLookup in the Windows 2000 version of the book. Related information about the deep options. 12.1.2 EXIT command e x i t command to exit N S L O O K UP application. If you typed Q u i t, N S L O O K up will consider it to be a host name and try to resolve this name because Q u i t is not a valid command string. In addition, it can be exited with C t R L C at the N S L O O K U P prompt. The syntax for e x i t command is as follows: 12.1.3 Finger Command Standard F I N g e r command only applies to the current host. The so-called current host is the last successful looking host. If the last command is a record query for M a c H i n. E X a m p L e. N e t, the query will return its I P address. Since then, the command is used by Finger , the result is in the key command finger @ m a c H i n E. E x a m p L e. N e T is basically the same. The syntax of the f i n g e r command is as follows: The following is a part of the N S L O O K u P using the dialog, one of the U N i x host W w w w w w w w w w w w. E x a m p L e. The user U s e r on N e t is queried. A Wi N D O W S server requires a simple T C P / I P service and is allowed to respond in this way. 12.1.4 Server Command S e r v e r commands and L s e r v e r commands are similar, and it is also parsing another domain server and set it to the default server. The difference is that the S e r v e r command is to parse new servers with the current default server. The format of the S e r v e r command is as follows: 136 Support for D N S service in Wi N D O W S
The following example uses the S E R v E R command to set N s. W i n 2 0 0 0 D n s. C O m The default query server of the N S L O O K u P parser. 12.1.5 lserver Command L S E R V command First uses a local domain server to find another domain name server, and then set the found domain name server to the default domain name server. This command is useful when it is incorrectly set the default server to a host that does not respond or is not a D n S server. Using the L S E R V command, you can reset the default domain name server without depending on the current default domain name server. The format of the L s e r v e r command is as follows: When the need to return to normal operation in this case, it is useful. 12.1.6 root Command R O O T Command Enables users to change the default domain server for a given session to the root server listed by the set all command. The default root server is a. R o t_s e r v E r. N e t. The execution R o t command sets the default server to a. R O O T_S E R V E R. N e t. The syntax of this command is as follows: The following example is a. R O O T - S E R V E R s. N e t is the root server and is set to the default server. The root server used can be specified by option R o t = n a m e. 12.1.7 LS Command 1 S command With its corresponding option, you can let users see the contents of the domain files of the D n s domain. If you do not specify an option, the default display is all host names and I P addresses in a domain. If the domain transmission on the server is limited, a rejection message will be returned. Specifies that other options can change the displayed content. You can also save the information to the file using the standard redirection. In fact, using the L s command is a way to transfer the domain zone to the client or auxiliary service device. The syntax of this command is as follows: The option available for the command is as follows: -t
Using the set command requires a certain amount of experience to get the desired effect. The following instructions have been described below for each option. 1. SET CLASS Options The Set Class option is used to set the protocol category of the query. The default category is i n t e R n e T, and other categories include C H A O S, H e S I O D and A N Y. It makes people confused that both H S and H e S I O D represent HE E S I O D, I N represents I N T E R N E T, but I N t e R n e t is not accepted. The class name is not case sensitive, so I n and i n are as the same word. The syntax of this command is as follows: 2. Set [no] debug command option set [no] debug option to set the standard debug mode or non-debug mode. In debug mode, the query and answer to the server will be printed in formatted text. The default mode is a non-debug mode. Turning off the adjustment grade switch can also cause the D 2 debugging being turned off. The syntax of this command is as follows: 3. SET [NO] D2 Command Options S e t [n o] D 2 option to set detailed debug mode or non-detailed debug mode. In detail in detail, the query sent to the server and each group of answers from the server will be displayed. Open the D Level Debug Switch means that the switch is turned on, and the debugging switch that turns off the D 2 will cause the debug-level switch to be closed. The default mode of operation is non-detailed debug mode N o d 2. The syntax of this command option is as follows: 4. After setting the D e f n m e option, the query is not included in any name ".", The query of the period is not included in the name, will add the default domain name. The default mode of operation is D E f N a M E mode, of course, this mode can also be canceled. This option does not require parameters because the default domain name is set in other command options (see SE A R C H and S R C H L I Ss option for S e t command). The syntax of this command option is as follows: 5. The role of the set domain command option is to set the default domain name used by the D e f n M E option. The default is the domain name of the local host, but can be changed to any domain. The syntax of this command option is as follows: 6. Set [no] ignoretc Command Options Set [no] IgnoretC option allows NSLookup ignores the received packets with truncated error flags set in the query process, of course, the default setting is not Ignore the receiving this group. This means that all information will not contain all information in the packet when N S L O O K Up is received (usually U D P packet). In N O I g N R E T C mode, N S L O O K up will re-query T C P. T C P response may be a larger grouping, so more information may be received and you can complete the query. This life Chapter 1 2 diagnosed tools and utilities 139
The syntax of the options is as follows: 7. Set ixfr version =
MB Find Mail Domain Name MG Find Mailbox Group Information Minfo Find Mailbox Information MR Find Mailbox Removement Information MX Find Mail Exchange Information NS Find Host / Domain Domain Name Server NSAP Find OSI (Open System Interconnect) (CLNP) Access Point Record PTR Finding The hostname PX lookup that matches the IP address matching the X. 5 0 0 Address Mapping record RP lookup domain leader Record RT Record Find Path SIG Find Digital Signature Record Soa Display Soa Record S RV Find Sound Broadcasting Service Resource TXT Displays any text message UID lookup host / domain user ID UINFO Find User Information WKS Displays the well-known service information x 2 5 interest display x. 2 5 network support record: 1 DNAME published in this book It is not available in the version of Windows 2000. 11. SET [NO] Recurse Comm command Options SET [N o] R E C U R SE Option Setting N S L O O K UP Send Removal Query or Iteration Query to another host. The default mode is R e c u R s E, that is, recursive queries. That is to say, if you have no answer if you receive the query, you will continue to check with other domain name servers. If it is set to N O R e C U R SE mode, ie iteration queries, N S L O O K up will simulate a domain name server that emits an interactive query to obtain a prompt to continue query. This option is important when debugging the D n S server, which allows you to see the information or the information you can get in the cache under the corresponding settings. The syntax of this command option is as follows: 12. SET RETRY Command Options Set Retroyal Options Use to specify the number of testers that send queries before stopping search. Generally in the query, the client sends a query to the domain name server. If the response is not received, the client will reuse the query, and the number of times has been added to 1. Each time the query is sent, the timeout value is doubled. This will find the answer for a longer time for domain name servers. This option default is 4, but this value is set to 1 in the current Windows 2000 version. The syntax of this command option is as follows: 13. SET root command Options Use the SET root option to replace the default root server to another root server. The default root server is a. R O O T -S E R V E R s. N e t, which can be replaced with another I N t e R n i c root server such as e. R O O T - S E R V E R s. N e t. Execute the R O O T Command (not the S e TR O O t option) will set the server to a local default server. The syntax of this command option is as follows: Chapter 1 diagnosed tools and utilities 141
14. SET [NO] Search Command Options Set [no] Search options You can set the entry in the domain name search list. If there is only one "." In the received query name, and not ".", The domain name in the search list will be added to the query name one by one, until the answer is found. It should be noted that if set to S e a r C H mode, D e f n M e does not work. Because the default setting is S E A R C H mode, the D e f n a m e cannot be used unless the SET NOSearch command is used. The syntax of this command option is as follows, 15. Set srchlist command Options Set srchlist options You can specify a series of domain names for use after SE A R C H options are available. The specified domain name will be added to the query that ends ".". Unless otherwise setting, the default search list contains the domain name of the local host. This command will also override the set domain command. The exploration list can contain up to 6 different domain names, with "/" separated from each other. The format of this command option is as follows: 16. The set timeout command Options The set timeout option is used to set the timeout value of the initial parser waited for an answer. If you do not receive an answer within the set timeout, re-issue the query, double the timeout value. Every time you have not received an answer, as long as you don't exceed the number of test prices, you will rehab the query, double the timeout value. The default timeout is 2 seconds. The format of this command option is: 17. The Set Type command option with the set querytype option, just shorter abbreviations. 18. Set [no] vc Command Options V C represents Vitual Circuit, ie virtual circuits. The SET VC option is used to set whether U d p (non-virtual circuit, N o v c) or T C P (virtual circuit, V c) is used when the query is set. This option can be used with the I g n o RE option. If the user wants all queries to handle it with T C P, I G N O RE option can be set. The syntax of this command option is as follows: 12.1.9 NSLOOKUP error message The user should pay attention to some error information when using N S L O O K u P. Error message (see below) The reason for the problem occurred on the server. • Time Out. This information typically indicates that the server does not respond within the specified time. Check if the server works and works properly, and observes whether there is an error record that affects the service in the event log. • No Response from Server. This information indicates that D n s does not accept the query at all. Check the service and event log to find the cause of the error. • No records. Indicates that there is no record. For example, the user request domain H i N f O record, but the H i N f O record is not announced in the domain. • Format Error. The domain name server refuses to accept the query because the format is incorrect. The reason may be that the version of the domain name server is too old, or the data indicating the network is destroyed. 142 Support for D N S Services in Wi N D O W S
• Server Failure. Most of this is because the domain area files have problems. The semicolon location is incorrect, or other types of incompets are often the cause of this failure. Check the event log to get more detailed information, or if this error is caused by the remote machine, check the mailbox column in S O A to find more information. • Connection Refused or Network Unreachable. This may indicate a number of situations. First, confirm that the domain name server can be connected (which can p i n g). If it is not connected, there is a network error. If the domain name server can P i n g, the error cause may be the type of query sent. This error indicates that the user does not obtain the allowable area of the user without obtaining the replication domain area without the L S operation. • R e f u s e d. This error and the previous error are very similar, or the interfaces reached by the query are not configured to answer the query of the domain name server. The configuration of the domain name server should be checked. 12.2 DIGD I G Tools is another application that can be used to query information to domain name servers. D i g is not part of Windows NT or Windows 2000, but it can be provided free of charge with B i n d. There is also a node that can get D i g on the Internet, which is managed by B E R K E L E Y (see Appendix A). The D i g tool does not interact mode, but it has many options that can be used on the command line. The basic syntax of D i g is as follows: The options used by the D i g tool are defined as follows: • [@ Server]: Indicates the domain name server points to the query. This option allows the user to change the domain name server, its role is like the Server Name option in the N S L O K u p command. The default value of this option is the first domain name server in the parser list. • [Domain]: The name in the domain name system. This should be the domain name of the user. • [Q-Class] or [Query-Class]: Set the category of the query, which may be (i n, a n y, h s...). The default value is i n. • [q-type] or [query-type]: Set the type of source record you need to query, as the settings of SET QueryType =
N o s t i c k. • {D-OPT} or {DIG-OPTION}: D i g option. The format is k e y w o r d = V A L u e (keyword = value), where the status is shown in Table 1 2 - 1. Table 12-1 {D-OPT} and {D i g - o P Ti O N} Options Most D i g options are similar to the N S L O O K u P option, but if you want to specify a value in the option, " " should be enabled. The detailed help file is provided with the software. There is no two options similar to D e f n a m e and s e-e f n a m e and s e a r c h in D i g, so users should pay attention to the use of the whole domain. D i g application is a useful test domain name server and a tool for processing a domain name server. A very useful use of D i g is a copy of the current root cache. The complete root cache can be obtained as long as "D i g> C A C H E" is simply type "D i g> C A C H E" in the command line, and can be used to compare with existing files to determine whether to modify or update. If you want to use D i g to test the local system, type "DIG DOMAIN.NAME (DIG Domain Name)" to get all the information of the server, and each portion has an appropriate markup. The following example shows a typical application of the D i g application and its display results. 144 Part III Wi N D O W S Support 12.3 DNSCMDD N S C M D is the command line tool provided in the resource toolbox of Windows 2000's server version. In many cases, you must go deep into the D n S management console to complete, and it can be done with a command. This tool is designed to coordinate with D N s domain zone, regardless of whether the domain area is integrated into the active directory. This tool provides creation or deleting records or even domain zones, view domain, pause, and restart domain, manipulating server cache, viewing, or clearing statistics, and even enforce cleaning. Although multiple D n s servers can be added to the D n S management console on a host to remotely manage the server, some people think that there is no better way than the command line. If you use the command line is your style, you will of course use D N S C M d. Even if you are not usually used to use the command line, please note that the tool provides you with a way to complete some of the domain zone management without using multiple mouse clicks, such as adding multiple hosts in the domain area. There is no doubt that this tool is also very valuable only on the management function of the D N S server cache, and its function is far more than this. Look at the following help information to understand the functionality of the tool. Chapter 1 diagnostic tools and utilities 145
12.4 Ping Although the P i N g utility is actually not a D N S tool but a T C P / I P tool, its role is to determine if a host can connect to the network. This tool also has the function of answering the network request to some extent. P i n g utility actually uses I n t e R n e T control packet protocol (I c m p) to send a response request information to the remote host, and then wait answered. If the answer is received before the timeout (its value can be set by the user), the time displayed from the send request to the received answer to the user. For the P i N g utility supplied with Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, its default setting is to send 4 connection requests to the remote host. This command provides simple statistics on the response response, as shown below. Note When the destination is given in the form of a host name, the output of the P i n g command provides the corresponding I P. Reverse queries can be easily completed with the -A option. P i n g also has many command line options to be used with commands, using P i N g's general grammar as follows: The meaning of the above option is as follows: -t Set P i n g continuously until it is interrupted. -a is used to resolve the address to the host name. -f tells P i N G Do not segment the message (if you set a segment value with - L, the information is not sent and displays information about the DF [Don't Fragment] flag). -n Specifies the number of times P i N g to send a request. C O u n t represents the number of times. -L Specifies the length of the response request. -i Specifies the effective time (T L) (the desired value is 1 to 2 5 5). -v user can change the type of service in the I P Data (To S: Type Of Service). -r Record the routing of requests and answers. Minimum 1 host, up to 9 hosts can be recorded. Decided by the value of C O U N t. -s provides time information for the number of transitions, and the number of times is determined by the value of C O U N t. -j Specifies a non-strict source routing host with up to 9 hostnames (non-strict source routing host refers to a router that can have an intermediate between hosts). Note that the -j and - k option is mutually exclusive. -k Specifies a strict source routing host with up to 9 hostnames (strict source routing host refers to a router that cannot have an intermediate between the main unit). -w User user can specify the timeout value of the answer, in milliseconds. D e S TI N A T I O n Specifies the target of the PING, which can be a host name or an I P address. 12.5 PATHPING Utility P i N G is a T C P / I P tool with long usage history, and P A T H P i Ng is a utility that is newly provided in the resource toolbox of Windows 2000. This tool can give the path passing through the transmission and more complete information about the quality of the line. Compared to T R A C E R T, the tool can output a path faster, but compared to P i N g, it is supported by the D n S service in the third part of the Group 3 Wi N D O W S.
Interest require more execution time. The command syntax is as follows: - N does not resolve IP addresses as hostname - hmaximum - HOPS Search Destination The maximum number of translucents passing through the path - GHOST - LIST WONG ROM - PPERIOD two Waiting for milliseconds between ping - Qnum - queries Each section of query - WTIMEOUT wait Answer Timeout Values - T Using the second layer of priority flag bit Tests the connectivity of each segment - R Test Details Are RSVP Using the previous example, the command is pathping, the destination parameter is WW. EXAMPLE. NET, through its execution to learn about what you want: 12.6 Tracert (Tracert) TraceRoute or Tracert utility (generally known as TraceRoute under UNIX platform) Determine the group to reach the first 2 chapter diagnosed tools and utilities 147
The relevant path must be passed. A series of ICMP packets (note that the TTL value of the first three packets is set to 1 when sending to the destination, and the TTL is added to a group of each three packets in the future. 1. Because the router wants to reduce the T t1 to L, the first packet can only reach the first router. The router sends I c m p to respond to the source main machine, and the notification TI is timeout. This makes the T R a c e r t command can record the I P address of the first router in the log. The second set of packets of the T t L value is then reached along the routing of the second router, T T L is also timeout. Another I c m p response is sent to the source host. The process of increasing this T t1 has continued until the destination answer is obtained, or until T T L reaches the maximum value 2 5 5. The command line syntax using T R A c E R t is as follows: The meaning of each option in this format is as follows: -d Specifies that T R A c E R T is not to resolve the I P address as a host name. -h specifies the maximum number of times (actually specifies the maximum T t L value). -j allows the user to specify non-strict source routing hosts (same as P i N g, maximum 9). -w Specifies the timeout value, in milliseconds. D e s T I n t i o n, which is the target, can be a host name or an I P address. Select the destination again to w w w. E x a m p L e. N e t, may find that T R A c E R t does not provide more information than P A T H P i N g, but it is performed in a whole, although the initial output is slow. Its price is reduced the accuracy of a single time measurement. 12.7 NetLabn E T L A b (The current version is 1. 4) is a free software utility, developed by Alexander Danileiko. This tool can be used from many mirror nodes. The easiest way to find a good node is to search for H t t p: / / / / / / / / w w. C O m or S O f T s e e k. C O m. Although N E T L A B is only a small amount of upgrade for Windows 2000, and N e t1 b does not provide many configuration options for users to choose, but it organizes a good set of tools in a graphical user interface, as shown in Figure 12-1. The basic tool sets provided by N A T L A B include: F I N g E R, W H O I S, Ti M E, Q U O T E, P I N g, T R A c E O U T, D N S, and Port Scan. N A T L A B does not occupy a large amount of disk space, and the use of memory is also quite effective. This tool can work through the firewall and provide basic information about Wi N s O C K. From the perspective of D N s queries, this tool is not enough to set the type of query. N a t1 b can perform A record query and P T r record queries, but cannot select N x records and other records. In the characteristics of N e T L A B, the administrator with security awareness will be interested in the ability of the scanner, and Fig. 1 2 - 2 shows the scanning process of the port specified I P. 148 Part III Wi NDOWS Support for DNS Service Figure 12-1 Select DNS N ETLAB Interface Figure 12-2 Displaying NetLab 1.4 Scanning Restricted Port 12.8 Host OST is a Free Software Utility, you can log in anonymously Go to FTP. Nikhef. NL, in its / pub / network directory. This tool allows you to easily perform some D n s queries, otherwise you need a series of N S L O O K u p commands, which makes it one of the two free software programs listed in this chapter. The current release version contains the source code, where Chapter 1 diagnosed tools and utilities 149
Wi N D O W S version needs to be compiled when the BIND 4.9.x file is present. Early more limited versions only provide two binary executables for Wi N D O W S versions. H O S T has been ported to most U N i x systems, and its latest version supports almost all D N s new features and resource records, including S RV, D N s encryption key, digital signature, and no resource records. Using H O S T can get a number of functions such as checking domain districts to obtain records listed in the type. On the Internet, there is a new feature of the new feature of the latest version of HOST, you can access WW W. Nikhef. NL / USER / E 0 7 / Tools / Host. HTML is available (Netherlands Atomic Energy and High Energy Physics National Research Institute released Homepage, they are H OST author). However, in its form of binary executive files, many administrators cannot get updated versions, so there is an earlier version of the command syntax to make you understand the feature of this version. Extended application: [x [n a m e.] [- x server [name.] 12.9 IPCONFIGI P C O N f i g utility is the command line diagnostic tool for Windows NT to display the set of I P stacks of the computer. This tool enhances the functionality of Windows 2000 in some important aspects, which will indicate the enhanced function after introducing common functions over the two platforms. Previously in Windows NT This command displays how the I P Story of the computer is configured, and the D h c P client is released or updated therefrom. The syntax of the IPConfig tool in Windows NT is as follows: If you do not have any parameters when using ipconfig, the basic network configuration will be given, as shown in the following example: If DHCP is enabled, IPConfig can be used with option / release to release Lease IP address. Similarly, use option / R e n e w, you can reconfigure the I P Stack from the D h c P server through the lease process. Options / R E L E A S E and / R E N E W can be used with an optional adapter name to modify this specified adapter. This is important for multiple address computers. For Windows 2000, the basic output is the same, and the output list of each configured interface is provided in both versions. However, in Windows 2000, this tool feature is enhanced, allowing the management of customer parsers to caches and the type of D h CP client. The added options in Windows 2000 are as follows: 150 Part III Support for D N S in Wi N D O W S
As the name suggests, / f L u s h D n s is a cache for clears the D n s parser of the client. Use the option R e g i s t e R d n s, which will use D N S to dynamically update and re-register after the client is refreshed. Options / D I S P L A Y D N is used to view the cache of the D n S parser of the client. Option / S H O W C L A S I D is used to list all class I d (identifiers) allowed on the adapter, and pay attention to the adapter must be specified. Option / S e t C L A S I D is used to set class I D. When the class I d is not given, the original class I d on the adapter is removed. Note that the adapter must be specified. The description of the last two options is a bit blurred in the documentation. When the book is published, the code has been fixed, but the R f C file that is clearly explained is still revised, which defines the D h c P option 8 1. In addition, Windows 2000 allows the name of the adapter to match, with an asterisk represents any character, and the question mark represents a character. When using the / a ll option, I P C O N f I g outputs more information than basic configuration, such as the I P host domain name, D n S server, and W i n s servers, N e T B I O S type, and the scope of N e t b i o s scope of the domain identifier. If not only one adapter is installed, the tool also shows the information about each network adapter. Below is a typical output of the I P C O N f i g tool using the / a L1 option: 12.10 WinipcfgwiniPCFG utility is a diagnostic tool using a graphical interface using a graphical interface. Tools for Windows 95 and Wi N D O WS 9 8. It is similar to I P C O N f i g, how to display how the I P Story of the computer is configured. W i n i p c fg can be started from the command window or start from the R u n (running) menu. Of course, you can create a shortcut to W i N i P c f g. E x e program. The syntax of WiniPCFG in the command line is as follows: Chapter 1 2 Diagnostics Tools and Utilities 151 Figure 1 2 - 3 To type the diagnostic display window after typing WinIPCFG, click OK to close this tool, click R Elease to abandon the current adapter configuration Information, click R ENEW to reset the configuration information of the current adapter. "More Info" button Extensible diagnostic display window to display more information, as shown in Figure 1 2 - 4. If you type W i n i p c f g / a l, this extension diagnostic display window is displayed immediately. Figure 12-3 Main Interface of WiniPCFG Figure 12-4 WiniPCFG / ALL Extended Main Interface 1 2. 11 NetDiaGN E T D i a G is a new Windows 2000 proprietary very useful tool. In fact, it can be considered not just a tool because it encapsulates almost all of the network-related tests in Windows 2000. Learning N e t D i a g is the easiest way to see help documents, because help documents illustrate the functionality and usage of this tool well. 152 Part III Wi N D O W S Support for D N S Service
Chapter 1 diagnostic tools and utilities 153
12.12 NETSHN E T SH Tool is called N e TSH E L1 in the Windows 2000 document. N e TSH E L1 provides an interface, or command mode, a configurable environment. The function and use portion of N e t s h e l L derived from its context-based design, and the new context can be supplied by custom D L s, partially derived from the context provided, part from the script. The N e t s h utility can work in three modes of online, offline, and scripting. To use the script mode, you can use the -f option to specify a script file, or use the E x E c command to perform a script with the E x E c command under the N e T S h prompt. The syntax of the N e t s h tool is as follows: In the N e TSH E L interface, all commands can be omitted to the extent to which it is unique. Online and offline models are the execution and queuing of the input command. The command input in offline mode can be executed with the CO M m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m The script can be created in N e T S H offline mode and output with the D u m p command. N e t s H has many other functions in addition to the functions introduced in this chapter. Interested readers can access Windows 2000 online help documentation, query N e t s h will provide a long list, including more information on the functionality of routing and remote access services, which is not involved in the following parts. The following list shows the operation of the startup N e t s h command and list the primary command, which contains the built-in context. The user can be used as follows: 154 The support of the D N S service in Wi N D O W s Note the built-in context listed above: R O U T I N g, I N T E R f A C E, R A a a a. In order to make your use and enrichment of N e T S h, the following examples are switched to the I n t e R f A c e context, followed by D h c p context, and then go to W i n S, in various contexts, the help of all subcommands is viewed. First look at the i n t e R f A c e of N e T s H: Chapter 1 2 Diagnostics Tools and Utilities 155
You should have confident that this is a tool worth learning and use. Let's take a look at the Netsh DHCP context and consider support for the server. Part III Support for D N S in Wi N D O W S
Chapter 1 diagnostics and utilities
For the sake of simplicity, only the context commands of the W i N S server are listed below. Part III Support for D N S in Wi N D O W S
12.13 NetStatN E T S T A T Tool Displays the T C P / IP Protocol Statistics and Current Connection Status. Note the difference between the two: n e t s t a t is about Chapter 1 diagnostics and utilities
Tool Tool T C P / I P, and N B T S T A T is a tool for connecting N e T B I O S. The syntax of the N e t S t a t utility is as follows: 12.14 NBTSTATN B T S T A T Tool Checks the N E T B I O S on T C P / I P and returns N e t b i o s session and name parsing statistics. In addition, this tool can also be used to update local N e T B I O S name cache. The tool has not changed from N t, and it is necessary to indicate that since Service Pack 4 has increased the - R R switch, because the switch provides a selection of re-registration on W i n s after the switch is provided, it is very popular. The syntax of the N b T S t a t utility is as follows: Support for D N S service in Wi N D O W S
12.15 System Monitor System Monitor can be started by running P e R f M o n. M s C, you can start in a command line mode, and you can select performance item startup in the management tool section of the Start menu. People who have used Windows NT are more familiar with the system monitor, and its predecessor is a performance monitor. When the DNS object has been selected in the Add Counter window (using a plus button), it is clear that this is a new implementation. method. D N S server objects have more than 50 counters, providing monitoring of most of the D n s servers that may be interested. In addition to the counter window, you should pay attention to the objects of other services discussed in this book, such as D h c p, w i n s. Any Wi N D O W S administrator must be familiar with the use, log and alarm capabilities of performance monitor, and then go to practice. In order to understand the operation of the machine, the role of the tool cannot be ignored. The counter provides statistics on the even more aspects mentioned below: 12.16 NetMon When talking to the network-related tools in Windows 2000 or N t, if the network monitor must be unfair. This tool allows capture and checking communication messages. Although this tool is a bit too low for routine use, it is very valuable for incorrect diagnostics and understanding that is incurs and should occur. It is an optional component when the Wi N D O W S server version is installed, so you may need to use the Add / Remove Program Parts in the Control Panel. After entering the Add / Remove Programs window, select Add / Delete Wi N D O W S components, which will enter the Wi N D W O S Component Wizard. You can find the tool in the management and monitoring tool details under the Network Monitoring Toolbar. Just like in NT 4.0, this is a limit that cannot be set to the mixed mode of N i C. You need a system management server version or a third-party tool to capture messages received and sent by the server installed the tool. 12.17 Small knot WINDOWS 2000 has a large network substructure that has great dependence on normal work of D N S service. It is not surprising that the functionality of the tool is found is not surprising. This chapter reviews the main tools provided by Microsoft and some third parties. The purpose of discussion is to help you learn effectively use these tools. Full text
