Address Matching
A mechanism for associating the files that use the address of the address. Geographic coordinates and properties can be converted from one address to another. For example, a file containing an address can be mapped to a street layer, which contains the address of the point layer of the student's live point.
ADS
Curved digital system. A simple system for digitizing and editing to add arcs and label points to layers.
Allocation
The process of taking the nearest central arc is terminated within the maximum impedance or resource capacity range.
AM / FM
The abbreviation of English Automated Mapping / Facilities Management is a computer graphic interaction system based on device and production technology management based on geographic information. It is also a computer application software system combined with graphics technology and database management technology. / FM system, computer-aided management of programming, construction, registration, scheduling, operation, maintenance and business electricity, is currently in public institutions (relative power plants, steel mills, etc. "currently in public institutions (relative power plants, steel mills, etc. In terms of geographically relatively concentrated centralized equipment, advanced, practical and ideal application software systems for computer-aided management.
The AM / FM system is based on the Geographic Information System (GIS), and a new information management system for producing operation units based on the needs of equipment engineering management and the requirements of production technology management, in many cases AM / FM / GIS to represent the AM / FM system.
Annotation
1. Text describing the layer feature is used to display without analyzing.
2. A feature class used to label other features in the layer. The information contains a string, string display position and text feature information (color, font, size, etc.). See also TAT.
ANSI
The National Standards Organization is a national standardized coordination organization. Also approved and revoked the recognized standards, ANSI and international standards organizations are closely related, especially ISO, and work together to develop international standards, due to their influence of their own society, their work in SQL and space expanded SQL The great concern of the GIS industry.
API
Application interface. The API is a set of routines that call the operating system or other programs to access the service. The API allows a program to work with other programs (probably on other machines). The API is the foundation of the C / S structure.
ARC
1. A series of ordered vertex strings with starting vertices. After connecting the vertices of this arc to generate a line. The vertices at both ends of the arc are node.
2. Demand used to represent lines and polygonal boundaries. A linear feature can contain multiple arcs. In the topology, the arc sickle node and polygons.
Arcinfo
It is a geographic information system developed by the Institute of Environmental Sciences (ESRI).
Area
1. There are or more arcs around the earth or a collection of multiple polygons. Such as state, county, lake, land, etc.
2. The size of the geographic feature is measured using the unit.
ASCII
American standard information exchange code. It is the coding set of character information, (such as one value of a value of 77 represents m). Text file, if you generate with a text editor, usually refer to the ASCII file.
Aspect
The racper direction of the beveled is clockwise measures clockwise.
Attractiveness
A location has an attribute or attribute group that attracts to this place. For example, an attraction of a retail store can be the size of the store, the size of the parking space, commodity price or the function value they combine.
Attribute
1. Some features of the geographic feature described by numbers, characters, images, and CAD drawings, are typically stored in the table and connected to a certain user-defined identifier defined by this feature (depth of the well and gallon / minute)
2. A column of the table in the database. See Item.
Azimuth
Vector horizontal direction. Needle the positive direction of the y-axis, such as the angle of the compass.
BACKUP
Documents or file groups or copies of the entire disk, with the purpose of loss or loss of the source file.
Band
Multi-spectrum images indicating data in the range of light or thermally reflective electromagnetic spectroscopy (such as ultraviolet, blue, green, red, near external line, far infrared, thermal, radar, etc.). Also refers to the value obtained by the original image calculation specified by the user. Multi-spectral color map wants to display three bands: red, green, blue. Satellite images such as LandsatTM and Spot provide multi-band images of the Earth, some reach seven or more bands.
Band Separate
Separate data collected by the multi-band satellite scanner stored in an image format in different files. Bandwidth
The amount of data through a communication link. Image data is usually relatively large, so the bandwidth of transmitting image data time between different machines may be very poor.
Base Map
A map containing geospatiants for positioning. If the road, it is usually stored in the base map.
Base Table
The physical table stored in the database. Compare View.
Band Rate
The transfer speed between the data between the computer and other devices. Unit: bit / second.
Bit
The computer is used to store and process the minimum unit of information. There are generally two possible values, 0 or 1. It can represent Yes / NO, Ture / False, or ON / OFF. See Byte.
Blobrdbms
The data type of a column in the table, the properties of images or files that can be stored.
Boolean Expression
An expression that can become true or false, Boolean expression contains logical expressions (such as depth> 100) and Boolean operators. The Boolean operator is used to specify how simple logical expressions are combined into complex expressions. Boolean African Operator (Not), with Operators (AND), or OR (OR). Such as, Depth> 100 and Diameter> 20. See logical selection.
Breakline
A linear feature used to describe and control the smoothness and connectivity of triangular webs. The triangular network interrupt line is always maintained by a linear characterization line. Stereo digital characteristics (including x, y, z value) such as rivers and coastlines typically contain elevation properties described in disconnection characteristics.
Buffer
Areas surrounded by the feature around the feature. A buffer of its fixed width and width can be generated depending on the attribute of the feature. The generated buffer is a generic region within or within or outside. The buffer is valuable in neighborhood analysis (if you find a distance designated area
300 inches
River section within the range).
Bug
Computer programs or errors in electronic devices.
Byte
Memory and external storage unit consisting of continuous positions. Usually 8 bits. If the file size is usually used in bytes or megabytes (10 ^ 6 bytes). Byte range 0-255. Represents integer or ASCII characters (ASCII bytes having a value of 77). Several bytes (usually 4 or 8) can represent real numbers and more than 255 integers.
CAD
Computer Aided Design. Design, a sketch, an automation system that shows graphics information.
CAD DRAWING
Digital forms, drawings, charts, etc. generated by CAD, such as, diagram, or DWG files (AutoCAD).
Calibration
Select the attribute value and calculation parameters and the process that makes the model with the reality. If you are routing and positioning, calibration usually refers to the value of the value of the resistance and the value of the demand item that is specified and calculated.
Capacity
The maximum source of resources can be allocated by the center. For example, the capacity of a school is the number of students who can recruit them.
Cartesian Coordinate System
The two-dimensional planar coordinate system, X is horizontal distance, Y is a vertical distance, and each point in the coordinate system is defined by (x, y). The relative distance, area and direction calculation in the Cartesian coordinate system is a common operation.
Case
Computer aid software project. Case Tools is some programming principles used to define engineering principles, methods, technology, concepts. These tools are very useful in software design tasks that use structured prototypes to automatically complete some handmade operations. This technology reduces development time and provides some reliable code sets and supports the entire software lifecycle.
Ccitt
International Telegraph Phone Advisory Committee. CCITT is the United Nations International Communications Technology Commission located in Geneva. It is responsible for providing standardization of data interface, analog to digital conversion, and digital network.
CD-ROM
Read-only CD. CD-ROM is an optical medium, one
5.25 inches
The disc can store 650 megabytes. The ISO 9660 standard specifies the data format of the CD-ROM.
Center
Can provide dispersion points of resources or volumes, in space interaction, the center is attractive.
Cgm
Computer graphics dollar files are a graphics exchange criteria. . Faced to the graphic output file format.
Character
1. A character (such as A, B, C, D), numbers (such as 1, 2, 3) or special graphics symbols (such as *, /, -), and the like, as simple data units.
2. Specify a data structure represented by the property value. If the value of the property country is United States, Brazil, Canada, Thailand, its data type should be characterized. Client / Server
The software system of the Central Processor Accepting a multi-user process is called a C / S structure.
Column
The vertical component of the table. A column includes a column name and data type for a value in the entire column.
Commit
The process of modifying a database transaction. Comparison ROOLBACK
Concurrency Management
The management process of controlling data consistency when supporting multiple users concurrent access. Typical technology only allows a user to write and other users read only. Other users should only wait until the first user completes its transaction processing.
Condition Operator
The user specifies how to perform a value-comparison symbol or keyword, applied in a database query, such as = (equal), betWeen, <(less), Like,> (greater than), Containing.
Conflation
A set of functions used to align the arcs in the map from other arcs to their function and processes. Aligned before the attribute delivery.
CONNECTIVITY
Record the topology identification of the connection segment of the starting node. The arc of a common node is connected. See Arc-Node Topology.
Contiguity
Record the left and right polygons of each strip of adjacent polygons to identify the topology identifier of adjacent polygons. See Polygon -arc Topology.
Continuous Data
Every point on the surface has a specific or derived value, usually expressed in triangular meters or mesh (such as surface elevation).
Contour
The line with the same value on the connection surface.
Contour Interval
The gap between the equivalent lines on the surface.
Coordinate
A set of numbers determined under the specified reference line, such as the (x, y) or 3D coordinate system under plane coordinates represent the relative position of the point and other locations on the surface of the earth. See the Vector and Cartesian Coordinate System.
Coordinate system
The reference system used to measure horizontal and vertical distances on a plane, one coordinate system is typically defined by map engineering, spheroid reference, a constant, one or more parallel lines, a central point and X, Y direction to determine the point, Line, and surface features.
Coverage
1. A Coverage stores primary geographical features (such as arc, node, polygons, and label points) and secondary features (such as tides, map extensions, connection and annotation, etc.). The corresponding feature property table describes and stores attributes of geological features.
2. The subject-related data is considered a unit, and a figure usually represents a single topic, such as land, rivers, roads or land or the like.
Cross-Tile Indexing
The method used to specify the characteristics of the cross-chopcard boundary, and the characteristics of the cross-chip boundaries are stored in each sheet and not as a separate feature storage.
CSSM
Space metadata content standard. Documents in the description of the space metadata format released by the FGDC (Federal Data Committee).
Cursor
1. The terminal pointing to a mouse graphic arrow at a certain place.
2. The database is directed to a recorded internal pointer in the table, providing a mechanism for processing selection, moving the cursor one by one, moving with the display, query, and modification.
Cycle
1. When looking for a path, a ring is a starting point and a path to the termination point.
2. When tracking, a ring is an arc that makes up a closed polygon. The movement and reverse cannot be defined in one ring.
DataPump
Data pump. SUPERMAP 2000 is responsible for managing data input and output. Through the interface provided by the data pump, the data sets of other formats can be transferred to the SuperMap format, or the data of the SuperMap format can also be transferred to other data formats. Data pump objects can be obtained by DataPump properties of the data source object.
DataSources
Data source collection. There is a data source collection object in the SuperWorkspace control of SuperMap 2000, and all data sources open in the system are stored there. Each data source has its own index number and alias, and you can get each data source by index marks or alias. The index number of the data source starts from 1.
DataSource
data source. The data source of SuperMap 2000 is where map data and attribute data are stored. SuperMap 2000 implements a dual file gauge, a data source consists of two files: *. SDB file - Store files for map location coordinate data; *. SDD file - Store the files of attribute data. There is a Datasets object in each * .sdb file, in which all types of SUPEMAP 2000 support can be stored, any number of map data supported, where each map is referred to as a data set (see dataset- Data sets), *. Attribute data of all vector data sets in the SDB file are stored in the SDD file of the same name. The system automatically maintains the association and update of the two files. The advantage of implementing a dual file gallery structure is that all maps and attribute data are managed as long as two files are managed. This advantage is more pronounced when there are many maps. The data source itself is stored in the DataSources (Data Source Collection) object in the SuperWorkspace control. DataSets
Dataset collection. There is a set of data sets in each data source of SuperMap 2000.
Dataset
data set. Store data of a layer.
DataSetVector
Vector dataset. Store data of a vector layer.
DataSetRaster
Grid data set. Store data for a grid layer.
Dal
Data Access Language. Apple used to communicate standards between applications and related databases. DAL is a plugin in the network. It is a public SQL order that is installed on the database server to provide access to all database servers on the network.
Dangle Length
The minimum length of the cantalk allowed during the Clean process is performed. Clean clears the length of the length of less than the minimum slope length.
Dangling arc
Hover. At least one of the arcs in the arc, at least one of the arc is not connected to any other arc. It is often used to represent a non-normal closure polygon (where the arc connection error or arc exceeds the intersection with other arcs). The hosted is not always wrong. If it can be used to represent death in the street figure. See dangling node.
Dangling node
There is no node to other arcs in the cantoo.
Data Access Security
Use to control the rights of users to view and modify data. These measures include the logical view of the data and display the access rights to definition group users, see Access Rights.
Database
Logically interconnect, as a collection of information and stored information. Usually stored on large volume storage systems such as disk or tapes, a GIS database includes spatial locations and shapes of geographic feature (such as points, lines, faces, icons, grids, triangular networks to describe) and their attribute data.
Database Design
Analyze the Standardization Process of Forming Structured Data Models. Database design has the following procedures: demand analysis, logic design, physical design.
Database Directory
The same system directory that is the same as the library reasoner workspace. Each map library has a Database directory.
Data Dictionary
The data of the data in the database, or the data item string of the data name and structure. Also refer to DD / D (Data Dictionary / Directory). Commercial RDBMS is represented by a reproduced data directory stored in a special table in the System Tables (System Table).
Data Integrity
Maintain the data value by data model and data type. For example, the numeric column does not accept character data. See REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY.
Data MoDel
1. Concept design results get a data model. Suitable for applications related to generalized, user-defined data views.
2. Used to describe a formal approach to real world entity behavior. A design complete data model includes physical classes, entities, and integrity constraints, and physical operations.
Data set
A series of logic related data sets arranged in the specified mode.
Data Type
Describe the characters of the storage data type of the columns and variables. Such as characters, floating point and integer.
Database Lock
The database is used to prevent a mechanism that causes conflicts when multiple users generate data requests, see the persistent Lock.
Database Management System SYSTEM
A set of computer programs for organizing database information, DBMS supports standard database format, providing them with tools for data input, inspection, storage, retrieval, query, and operations. Datum
A set of parameters and control points used to accurately define a three-dimensional globe shape. Datum is the foundation of the planar coordinate system, such as North American 1983 Datum is a Datum of American and Northern American map engineering and coordinates.
DCM
World digital map. The world's first 1: 1,000,000 digital base chart. The DCM contains topology vector data that is digitally digitally used by the US Defense Map.
DDE
Dynamic data exchange. The IAC protocol developed by Microsoft's Windows applications.
DDL
Data definition language. SQL statements can be used to use or embed programming languages to define databases and their components.
Demand
1. When assigning, the possibility of part of the resource needs to be used.
2. When interacting in space, the demand is a measure of a specific service that can achieve a destination. For example, the demand for a gallon of milk can produce a visit to the store.
DEMORALIZATION
Rebate the standard data model to accommodate operational constraints or system limitations.
Denisity
Add a vertex to the arc without changing the process of its shape. Compare Spline and Gain Tolerance.
Descriptive Data
Table data describing the characteristics of geological features. Includes numbers, text, images, and CAD diagrams.
Destination
In space interaction, the end of the journey, such as a consumer or worker's main shop or office, destination in the network map representation, in the point graph, point representative, in the polygon, in the polygon point representative.
Defined Ranges
Segmentation. Take a range of values from the user to customize the number of segments, each paragraph with a color.
DIGITAL Elevation Model
1. A string of rules on the two-dimensional plane refers to the digitized representation of the same Datum Z value, and DEM is usually used to represent the surface floating. Also refer to Digital Terrain Model (DEM) digital ground model.
2. American Geographic Surveying Board (USGS) national map partition elevation data database.
3. USGS digital elevation data set format.
DGM
Digital geospatial metadata. DGM describes the content, quality, conditions, and other characteristics of DGM (data data) by DGM (FGDC) in June 1994. This standard provides some common terms and definitions for geospatial data, and DGM has established the name and group name of the data elements to be used, the definition of these data element names, and group names, and the value of these data elements. Information, etc.
Digest
Digital geographic information exchange criteria is designated by the EU Digital Geographic Information Working Group. Digest is a digital geographic information exchange criterion to achieve interoperability and compatibility between users or inter-inter-users. Digest consists of two digital geographic formats, ARC Standard Grid (ASRG) and Vector Relational Format (VRF).
Digitize
1. Use digitized form x and y coordinates for geographic feature encoding.
2. Use the digitizer to collect the coordinates of geographic features, and store them in the computer file as X, Y coordinates, and a digitized line is composed of a series of X, Y coordinates.
Digitizer
1. Made of a desktop and a cursor for an instrument used to digitize geographic characteristics.
2. People of digitizers.
Directed Network
Each arc has a corrected network, flowing to the direction of the arc (eg, each arc Digitalizing the row direction). The flow value is a value in a AAT table or a value in a particular file.
Directory
The computer used to determine the file address or other directory in the disk. The operating system is organized with the directory. The address of the directory is determined by the path.
Discrete Data
Contains geographic feature of the boundary: point, line, surface boundaries.
DISK
A storage medium consisting of an outsourced magnetic stroke to record the turn head of the array information.
Diskette
Cheap small capacity storage medium, usually 3
.5
inch
The diameter is generally a floppy disk.
DISSOLVE
The process of removing the boundaries of adjacent polygons with the same attribute value.
Distance-Decay Function
In space interaction, the distance between the interference interference interference interference. Can be a power function or an index function.
DLG
1. Digital line diagram obtained by U.S Geographic Measurement (USGS). Includes data obtained from the base map class, such as traffic, water conservancy, outline map, public land and measurement boundary, and the like.
2. Digital format standard published by USGS, used to exchange digital line diagram data published in the file data file.
DML
Data manipulation language, SQL statements can interact with or to access and query data stored in the database management system in the primary language program.
Domain
In the database, the columns of the tables allow for the numerical range, such as positive integers.
Dowsdream
When tracking, the flow is as in the direction of the arc as the flow direction. The flow direction is defined by the user. See also Directed Network.
Drape
Panoramic or perspective of two-dimensional features added on a plane.
DTM
Digital ground model.
DXF
Digital exchange format. The format of the vector data is stored with the ASCII code or binary file, AutoCAD and other CAD software use it for data exchange, and the DXF file can be converted to the ARC / INFO figure.
Edge matching
The editing is to ensure that the characteristics across the adjacent map have the same boundary address, with links to match the adjacent figures feature.
Embedded SQL
The SQL statement is embedded in the primary language program.
Entity
Object collection with the same properties, entity is very useful in the conceptual design of the database and application developers.
EOS
Earth observation satellite, tracking long-term variations worldwide to study Earth systems, EOS is an space plan of NASA (NASA), sending back 10 ^ 15 bytes of satellite image data and a large amount of data for the operation and analysis set.
Ethernet
Realize the network protocol of the physical layer and data link layer in the OSI model (IEEE 802.3), Ethernet is a local area network, with a bus topology, providing reliable high-speed communication speed within a limited area (such as 10Mbps in the office, university ).
Equator
Equatorial, north and south latitude 0 degrees.
Event
There are three Event: first, continuous and dot types that have occurred or accompanied by linear characteristics.
Event Source
This is a reference to the table that stores EVENT data in the DBMS specified by the user, and the source segmentation command is used, and the connection name is similar.
Extended Character Set
Support for the expansion character set of 8-bit or double-byte characters. Such as Chinese and French.
FDDI
The pipeline distributed data interface is the media access control protocol of the token ring network structure, which is operated on the fiber medium network with bandwidth of 100 Mbps.
Feature Class
Describe the format of the fifth feature and the types that support the image data. Figure characteristics representatively characteristics, including points, arcs, nodes, routing systems, routes, regions, polygons, and regions. One or more graph features are used to form a geological characteristic model; such as arc and nodes constitute a linear feature model (such as the street branch), TIC, notes, connection, and boundary characteristics, provide graph data management and display. stand by.
FGCC
Federal Testing Control Committee: Management Accurate Standards Committee. Within the US, coordinate control is based on the control point announced by the National Meteor Testing Bureau, and the basis of data collection.
FGDC
US Federal Geographic Data Committee. Composed of several federal bureaus and GIS suppliers. Responsible for defining a space metadata standard and a description is given in their space metadata standard. (See CSSM, DGM, SDTS).
Field
The alias of Column in the database.
Field Data Control
An electronic instrument collecting and storeing the observation information of the measuring instrument, there are two types: a global positioning system (GPS) to record x, y, z coordinate; another recording distance and direction.
File
A series of related information (such as text files, data files, DLG files) files available to the single name (such as text files, data files, DLG files) are logical units managed by the computer operating system. The file can be saved on a tape or disk.
FILE TRANSFER
Process from a computer or a DBMS to another computer or another DBMS. FIPS
Federal information processing standard. FIPS Processing Computer System Components including most of the GIS components: hardware, storage media, data files, encoding, data transfer, network, data management, document, programming language, software engineering, performance, security, etc., FIPS is SDTS (spatial data) The predecessor of the transmission standard). SDTS includes some definitions of a standardized digital map, declare the requirements of the federal government's accuracy. FIPS provides a code identification of US government standards and counties; this is the standard approved by US government agencies, and FIPS 152-2 includes POSIX.
Font
A range of logical related formats representing text characters or point symbols, Courier, Helvetica, and Times are three font types.
Foreign Key
One or more table properties. Ability to identify a record in another table. The outer code is the main code of another table. The outer code - the main code relationship defines an association, see Relate.
Format
The data system is scheduled in the computer. The file format is how information is scheduled in the file organization.
Form Interface
The moving graphical user interface of the mobile point is controlled by the user. Compare Command Line Interface.
From-node
The first one of the two digitization ends of an arc.
Functional Surface
The surface representation of any given X, Y value stores the corresponding sub-value. TIN expands the data as a function surface. The function plane is also called 2.5-dimensional surfaces.
Fuzzy Tolerance
Mao capacity, in order to solve a small distance introduced by the intersection position of the computer algorithm is not accurate. It defines a solution to a Clean operation or a topological overlapping operation such as WiONLZNTERSECT and CLIP.
Gazetteer
The place name index is a geographic reference to providing place name and location information. One place name is known, the name index can provide its geographic coordinates, and many maps have a name index. The famous digital name dictionary is the geopro-name information system of USGS (GNIS, and the name index in DCW.
GBF / DIME
The US Census Bureau proposed geographical basic documents and dual independent map coding files in the 1980 population census. These two files contain the coordinate values of the geographic statistics code obtained and the boundary between large urban areas. The DIME file provides an outline map of geographic statistical code related to the list of urban streets, address, and list statistics with the UN CPA. In the 1990 census, Tiger replaced the DIME file.
Generalization
Generalization usually refers to a number of points indicating a straight line.
GeoCode
Geographic code. Establish a process of consistent geographic coordinates with a given address. For example, determine a home to match Tiger street networks. Geographic coding is also referred to as address geocoding.
Geographic Dada
Geographic data is a description of location and geographic entities. It includes synthesis of spatial data and attribute data.
Geographic DadaBase
Geodatabases are organized collections of spatial data and related attribute data to implement efficient storage of data and multi-user extraction.
Geometry
Geometry, research is point, line, surface properties and metrics.
GEOREFERENCE
Geographical reference. It is the relationship between the page coordinates of the establishment of a plane map and known actual coordinates.
GeoreLational Model
A geographic data model. It expresses geographic entities as a series of associated spatial data and attribute data.
Giras
Geographic information proposed in the US Geological Survey and Analysis Data Files. Giras files include land use / land coverage information in the United States, this information is the property, land coverage, administrative unit, hydrological unit, county division, all of the relationship between federal land and all state relationships, these data sets or Other digitized patterns are available.
GIS CPU:
The integration of the core function of the GIS. User can extract according to their own requirements, combined these features. SUPERMAP is a GIS CPU.
GIS (Geographic Information System)
Geographic Information System, which is integrated, stored, updated, operated, analyzed, stored, updated, operated, analyzed, and displayed by computer hardware, software, geographic data, and system management personnel. Gosip
The government open system interconnect protocol is the implementation of the US government to formulate the OSI protocol. The government stipulates that all federal agencies should comply with OSI models, and use OSI-based GOSIP systems, most merchants (Sun, IBM, HP, DEC, etc. This standard has been adopted or is working hard in this regard.
Global Positioning System
The system used to determine the surface location of a series of satellites and receiving equipment, GPS is used for aerospace navigation, and its accuracy also supports the work of census. GPS See Global Positioning System.
Graduated Symbols:
Gradient chart
Grain Tolerance
The particle tolerance is a parameter that controls the number of vertices and the distance between the arc of the curve. The smaller the particle, the closer point is close. Unlike the encryption tolerance, the particulate capacity limit affects the shape of the curve.
Graphic User Interface
The graphical user interface controls the graphical method of interacting with the computer to perform different tasks. The user does not write commands, but uses the mouse to select the task you want and execute in the pop-up menu of the display, which is displayed in the form of a graphic and list. Some GUI tools are dynamic, and users must use graphic objects to call relevant functions. For example, a mobile slider sets the parameter value.
Graphic Display Terminal
Graphics Display Terminal, computer terminals for viewing and processing graphics information, which are also used as graphics selection, digitization, and editing.
Graphic Page
Figure page, graphics display device is dedicated to the map display and plotter page simulation. The page is based on centimeters and inches, rather than using actual coordinates such as rice or feet. The map consists of these maps.
Grass
Geographic Resource Analysis Support System, is a common raster GIS simulation product launched by the Engineer Structure Engineering Research Laboratory of Engineer Engineers.
Gravity model
Gravity model, a methodology of a simulative person in geography, engineering and sociology. The premise of the existence of gravity model is that the influence between people and people is inversely proportional, which is similar to the law of gravitation in classical physics.
grid
A geographic data model, which represents geographic information into a series of large-scale grid units arranged in line, and each grid unit is represented by its geographic coordinates, such as
1 m2
Or 1 square, each grid unit is associated with a value, such as a soil type, statistical zone or vegetation type. The value in this unit is stored in an attribute table. GUI See Graphic User Interface.
Hardware
Hardware is a physical component of a computer system such as a computer, a plotter, a printer, a terminal device, a digital converter, and the like.
HEURISTIC
A calculation method that provides an approximate solution for complex computational problems with a test error.
Histogram:
Template RDBMS (Relationship Database Management System)
Hub
The transfer repeater is a node on the network for information transmission from the starting point to the end point, and the repeater is used on the network to reduce the transmission fee.
Iac
Mutual requesting communication protocol reflects a computer program to communicate with another program, using IAC, two or more programs to run, share data, and interaction.
Identity
A map between a map and another polygonal map. For each entity in the input map, you have to cross the identity, resulting in a new entity in the same entity class, as an input graph. For example, a road (arc real class) is divided into two arc entities through two counties (identification graphs), each with road properties and channel county attributes. Identity Link
Consistent connection, connection with the point position and the terminal position. Commonly used to control the Rubber Sheetting override and adjustment operations. Consistency connection When the fixed action remains the adjustment process, the point position is unchanged.
IEEE
Electrical Institute of Electrical Engineering, IEEE's 1003.1-1990 standard is the definition of operating system
3C
The program interface is used to make the resource code more convenient outside the ANSIC definition.
IGDS
Interactive graphic design software.
IGES
The initial graphics exchange specification is a normal data form. It is used for transmission of CAD data.
Image
Image indicates a scene description. Typical images are made of optical instruments or electronic instruments. Typical examples include remote sensing data, scan data, and photographs, and an image can have a grating data stored as a binary number or an integrated number, which records the strength of the reflected light, or the value of other bands on the electromagnetic spectrum.
Intenance
Impedance, from the source point to the end of the impedance value or consumption required for a line or ring. Impedance can be measured as a measure of travel distance, time and travel speed. The higher the impedance value, the greater the resistance of the movement. The zero value represents no consumption, and the negative value indicates resistance. Impedance is used in network positioning, and one optimized path in the network is the smallest path.
Informix
A relational database management system. INGRES is equivalent to Informix.
Interaction
Interactions, is an estimate of the number of journeys and target points. Interaction depends on the source attribute of the journey, attracting the goal of the journey is attribute and the travel consumption between them.
Inter-Application Communication
A technique for communicating with software on the distal or proximal computer.
Interface
Soft and hardware between data communication. The interface is connected to two computer systems or connections to their peripherals.
internet
International WAN Standards organizations use a range of normative URLs to implement machine interconnections worldwide, the Internet originates from the US Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's research project, which is a computer simulation of different regions in the 70s. The system is performed. The private and public networks in other regions have been added. At present, approximately 2 million computers have access to information resources directly from online. Esri has set up a network research team called ESR-L, and ESR-L is transparent to general users, and it is suitable for any online shopping.
Interpolation
Estimates the value of the unsampled point surface based on the surrounding Z value.
INTERSECT
Topological integration of two space data sets. This integration saves the public characteristics of two input data sets in this area.
IS:
(Internet / Intranet Server) SuperMap Internet Server. SuperMap IS series software products use advanced system design ideas, based on component software technology, providing different levels of solutions to fully meet the needs of network GIS. Using SuperMap IS software products, users can not only quickly establish map-based Internet or intranet geographic information services websites, can even develop their own geographic information server systems.
ISDN
Integrated service digital network, providing integrated transmission of simulation and digital services for WAN. ISDN provides BRS service through a WAN for 64kbps or 128kbps. Generally, ISDN services are obtained from long-distance telephone companies.
ISO
International Standardization Organization is a century alliance integrated with standardized organizations. It is mainly engaged in the development of international standards. A technical committee called ISO / TC211 is developing geographical information standards. In the other computer standards, ISO supports SQL standards, and is developing its expansion-SQL3, and SQL3 will solve the relevant problems of geodic data sets. The third part of ISO 8211SDTS, which specifically illustrates the execution process of data transmission. ISO8211 is a switching standard that is unrelated to the media. This standard allows you to store records for any media of different sizes. ISO 9000 is an ISO 9000 established by ISO 90001 is a relevant international five-standard system. This system is the qualification certificate of global quality assurance and quality control standards. In order to get ISO 9000 certification, each company must always check the production process, update record, equipment maintenance, training staff, and customer relationships. This international organization has been recognized worldwide. The ISO 9660 is used in the volume and file structure in the CD-ROM of information exchange. Data organization standards on the disc medium established by the International Standardization Organization. ISOLINE
Lines with all points of the same value are connected to a surface.
Item indexing
The project index is a way to accelerate logical queries and table associations by establishing an indexing of projects in the database.
Itum
The integrated terrain unit diagram is a method of integrated data management, which adjusts the boundary of the terrain unit, which increases the boundary coupling, increasing the appearance rate of the dependent terrain variable, such as hydrology, geological, terrain, soil and trace elements.
Layers
Layers collection. There is a Layers (Layer Collection) object in SuperMap 2000. Any Layer that opens in the map window is stored in the Layers object. It is responsible for managing all layers opened in this map window. Calling the Layers (Layer Collection) object's addDataSet method can open a DataSet to a new map window, or add a map window that already has a Layer (layer). Each layer corresponds to a data set. Layers provides a method of setting an editable state of the layer, adjusting the method of the upper and lower layer sequential relationship of the layer, deleting a layer of Layer in the map window, looking for a layer Method, etc. Each layer has its own sequence number and name. The sequence number of the layer is open downward, starting from 1. The name of the layer is composed of the name of the data set corresponding to the layer and the alias "@" in the alias of the data source belonging to the data set. If the product set corresponding to the layer is "ChinaMap", the data source to which this data set is not named "China", the name of the layer is "ChinaMap @ China".
Layer
Layer. Each map in SuperMap 2000 is called a dataset when there is no open, and it is called a layer when it is opened in the map window. The layer object provides an attribute to determine whether the layer is editable, setting whether the layer is visible, whether it can be selected, whether it can be captured. The layer also provides a special map interface. Users can write code through these interfaces to create a special map. Through the layer, the corresponding data set objects can be obtained. In addition, the layer also provides other related properties.
Lan
LAN is a computer data communication technology that links local computers. LAN's computer and terminals can freely occupy data and other devices, such as printers or plotters, LAN, and soft, hardware, and hardware dedicated to data communication.
Landsat
A series of satellites that generate land images. Landsat Remote Satellite is developed by the US Space Administration. Landsat data is stored in a BIL file form or BIP.
Latitude-longitude
The Earth's reference system used to determine the ground position, the degree, and latitude is the angle measured by the ground to the surface position. The latitude measured the north and south axles, and the metrics were toned to the angle.
Lattice
The surface of a rectangular array consisting of a fixed sample interval is indicated. A grid can be stored as a GRID, but it represents the area on the outlet without indicating the value of the unit on the network.
Layer
Layers are organized a database or graphics library through entities such as soil, roads or wells. From the concept, the layer is similar to the figure.
Least-Cost Path is the lowest footpath in one of many ways.
Legend
1, list of maps to explain map color, map symbol, map line, and map appendix. The ideas include scales, origins, directions, and other geographic information.
2, explain the symbol of the map.
Librarian
Manage and get a series of software tools for a large amount of geographic data in the local stock library. The librarian directive creates and defines a map library, performs data input and output operations, queries data in the library, and displays the query results.
Line
1, a series of sequentially arranged coordinate values, indicating the shape of geographic feature expressed due to too narrow, or is a line special (boundary line such as coastline, street heart line, stream, county).
2, a single arc on the figure.
3, one line on the map (such as a tidy line).
Line in Polygon
A spatial data operation is a multilateral shape in each of the arcs in the figure in the figure to determine which arc or arc segment falls within this polygon. The polygon attribute is associated with the corresponding radians in the line symbol.
Linear Feature
Linear features are expressed as a straight line or a series of straight-line geographic features. For example, rivers, roads, roads and electronic networks and telecommunications networks in a service area are linear features.
LINK
A figure entity class, the connection is two-point part, which represents the slave node position to the node position during the RobBer Sheetting adjustment process.
Log file
The figures or historical files contain a series of commands operating on the map and commands operating under the console.
Logical Connector
Reserved words, AND, or and xor for establishing complex logical expressions in query statements.
Logical Expression
The expression of a TRUE or FALSE value is generated by data items, system variables, realt, and arithmetic logic operators.
Logical Operator
Also known as the Boolean operator, see the Boolean algebraic expression.
Logical Selection
Select the process of selecting a feature subset from the map using logical expression. This process is an operation for the image feature attribute, only the attributes that meet the determination criteria can be selected, which is also called attribute feature selection.
Long Transaction
Long transaction processes the database update for a few days, as a few months, may also be divided into several phases. Many planning and design activities have long transaction.
Longitude
See Latitude-longitude.
Map
Map object. In SuperMap 2000, the status of all layers in the map window is defined as a map object. The map object saves which layers in the map window. Its respective visible, optional, editing, and capture status, what kind of line types and symbols have been used separately, what special pictures do, the display ratio is the same. The map object is not a separate file, saved in the workspace file. After opening the workspace, you can remove the map object and open the map window. This allows you to quickly restore the last working state. When the map object is opened, if the data used is not open, the system ignores the corresponding layer without display.
MapInfo
MapInfo Professional is a desktop map information system developed by MapInfo. Under Client / Server Environment, you have a visual geographic analysis function, display, management, establishment, and modify functionality on the map object on the map object on the electronic map. Automatic connections. The two-way query of maps and databases can be implemented, enabling objects on the map (such as buildings, roads, etc.) to associate related data in the database, dynamically change the visual properties of the map object in the database, automatically generate a special map, For management, analysis, decision. For the query results of the database, you can be directly reflected on the map, you can also select objects directly on the map to query the corresponding database information, automatically establish a result map for the database query results or automatically establish data for the selection results on the map. Table, especially suitable for managers to conduct macro queries, comprehensive analysis. Running platform: MicrosoftWindows3.x, Windows 95/98, WindowsNT3.51 / 4.0, Windows2000, and OS / 216/32-bit simulation mode.
Map Projection:
Map projection. A mathematical method of functioning between point and points between spherical and planes.
Macro
Macro, a text file composed of a series of instructions performed by a directive execution. A macro can be established to perform frequently or complex operations.
Map
Map, abstract expression of partial surface natural objects. The map represents the spatial relationship between marks, labels, and places, and maps usually highlight certain places, summarize some, and ignore some to achieve a certain design goal.
Map Library
Integrate organizational and identification of spatial data, which is called components of the map area. The map library organizes geospatial data into a series of data layers. The data in the map library has its location to index to implement an optimized space query. The graphic library organizes the graph through layer and film.
Map Limits
Represents the rectangular area on the map of the geographic entity, all of the map data is represented in the mapside line, and cannot be outside the map edge. The map title and legend can be located outside the drawing line.
Map Projection
The map projection is a mathematical model that transforms the layers of objects into two-dimensional planes because the earth is a three-dimensional body, and some methods must be used to describe the map on two-dimensional plane, some projection holding graphics; certain Maintain the depth, distance and direction of the area. See "Coordinate". The map projection puts the surface of the earth, but any projection is represented in the distance, the area, the beginning and the surface there is a certain error.
Map Query
The process of selecting information from GIS by proposing spatial or logical issues of geographic data. Space queries are the process of selecting the ground object based on location spatial relationships. The logical query is the selection property that is in line with a particular logic indicated. Other operations such as drawing objects, column properties, and generalized attribute values can be performed once selected.
Map scale
The reduction in the map represents the surface object, the ratio is the ratio of the same size on the map, and is often expressed as the distance ratio. For example, 1: 24,000 (one unit on the map is equal to 24,000 surfaces). The map scale can also be represented as an equation that is not intended to be represented by a unit.
Map section
Data storage unit in Chinese. A section is a layer of data.
Map-topage transformation
The process of positioning and scale zooming of the page. It controls the graphic of the diagram coordinates into a display or plotter page (the icon is not a map).
Map units
Coordinate units stored in geographic data sets. Map units can be inch, centimeter, feet, and meters.
Marker Symbol
Represents the marker of the point (such as the airport).
Mass Point
The sampled sampling point of the irregular distribution is represented by the X, Y, Z value, which is the basic unit of establishing a triangular network. When defining a triangular mesh, every Mass Point is very important. Each Mass Point location is a careful choice to obtain an important parameter of the surface morphology. MDI
A document consisting of a multi-document interface, menu, buttons, tools, and windows developed by Microsoft.
Meridian
A vertical connection from the Arctic to the Antarctic line, all points are equal. The center of the son passes through the British Greenwich. At the beginning of the central son, it is positive, and the east is positive, the west is negative, and at 180 degrees of the wire, each surrounds a half-earth.
Mush Point
A sampling point in the grid, relative to a common origin, the interval distributed in the x, Y direction is fixed, and contains a ground elevation Z. A grid point other than the topographic surface represents the hole on the surface, recorded as a null value.
MicroStation
It is the geographic information system software developed by the United States Integraph.
Minimum Bounding Rectangle
After a rectangle positioned with the X, Y axis, it defines a geographic feature or geographic data set, minimum rectangle, by two sets of data: xmin, ymin, and xmax, ymax.bnd defines a minimum rectangle for Coverage.
Minimum mapping units
For a given scale, its narrow object is characterized by a line, and the small pieces are manifested as the size and degree of a point. For example, when the width of the river is less than
0.1 inches
When it is a line, the edge is less than
0.125 inches
The polygon is manifested as a point.
MODEL
A description of the reality that is used to imitate the process, now state, predictive results, and analysis issues, the model consists of a range of rules and processes. A tool for spatial modeling provided by GIS. See Spatial Modeling Data Model Analysis Spatial Analysis.
Modeling
See MODELMOMENT completion, the creation, deletion, or data update of all tasks associated with the transaction, is performed at the time of the transaction.
Morphology
The formation and construction of the topographic surface (Surface). In TIN, the form is determined by the sampling point and the Breakline feature forming TiN. When BreakLine is correctly located in a significant change in the terrain, it will play an important role in the formation of the form. In the grid, the morphology of the terrain cannot be directly manifested in the sampling point and characteristics, which must be ejected from the Z value of the sample point.
Mosaic
Software for obtaining Internet resources, MOSAIC project is borne by the Image Super Computing Application Center (NCSA) located in Illinois, providing a simple front or user-level interface for numerous information institutions. Its goal is to use a similar approach to query and conclusions from this different information resources, so that people must have a familiar system to minimize, so that they can successfully travel on the Internet, MOSAIC depends on existing services. It cannot provide information from itself, and Mosaic client software applies to X Windows, Macintosh, and Microsoft Windows. When using MOSAIC, the computer must connect to the Internet.
Mouse
A hardware device for controlling for interacting with a computer terminal or input data from the digitizer. MSS multi-spectral scanner, in some satellites for surface photography, an image will contain data recorded by three or more electromagnetic bands.
NBS
National Standards Bureau, is now called NIST.
NEATLINE
It is usually the boundary line along the map edge.
NetWork
1. A column represents an arc of the possibility path of resource mobile in the region.
2. Indicates the work area of the linear characteristics of the arc and the stroke system, also called NetWork Coverage. 3. From the computer hardware system, the network refers to the local area network or a wide area network. Net Work is ARC / INFO software product, which performs address matching, geocoding, positioning, selection route, and path look through linear network.
NetWork Link
Network connection, is a line entity that is interconnected, representing routes in transportation and communication networks, such as road lines and electronic transmission lines.
NetWork Mode
Network nodes, streams in the hydrological network and switch points in the power network.
Networking protocols
The network protocol is software that provides communication paths between digital exchange between different network systems, and protocols are a series of determined specifications for determining data exchange formats.
NFS
Network File System (NFS) protocol, the computer specified by the network accesses another computer on the network, as easy as accessing the local hard disk, to access the hard disk on the network, the local computer must comply with NFS, install NFS, please System administrator contact.
Nist
The National Standards and Technical Association (NIST) is a mechanism for formulating federal information processing standards (FIPS) for the National Government Agency (except for the Ministry of Defense).
Node
1. The starting point and end point of the arc segment, the node is the connection point of the two intersection arc.
2. In the chart theory, it is three or more straight connectors.
3, three angular points of each triangle in TiN, each sample input during the formation triangle is a node, and the triangular node is all connected points connected to this point.
Node Match Tolorancence
Two nodes can form a straight line distance between the two when a node is formed.
Normalization
A conceptual data design work, including application data dependencies in a data model, and avoids data inconsistency by preventing redundancy.
NTF
National Transmission Format (British Standard BS7567) NTF is a swap format that allows vector data to be transmitted in five different complexity, NFS is used in American conventional measurements.
ODBC
Open database interconnection. The standard API for communicating between the database management system developed by Microsoft.
OGC
Open GIS Community, a group consisting of software vendors, colleges, government agencies, advisers, and software integration staff, is committed to open system geographical processing, and their primary goal is to form an open geographic data interaction specification (OGIS).
Ole
Microsoft-developed object link embedding module, which allows objects to embed another application from an application (such as loading an Excel form into a Word document.
OMC
Object Management Group is an object-oriented interoperable industrial group in complex computer systems with other merchants. They have been developing a detailed specification to solve this problem, where the most popular is the public object request agency.
Open LOOK
Graphical user interfaces for X-window systems are co-developed by AT & T and SUN.
Online Access
Online access, refers to directly accessing data without moving files.
Optical disk
Data storage technology for storing information using CDM media. The disc run is slower, but the storage and data is larger, and the storage unit is smaller than the disk, and the disc can be used when a large amount of data is stored.
Operating system
Make computers and users to communicate computer software. Operating system controls data streams, requests for other programs, organization and management of files, and information display.
Oracle
A relational database management system.
OS
See OPERATING SYSTEM.
OSF
The Open Software Foundation is an international fund organization that prompted UNIX operating system standardization. OSF / Motif
Industrial Standard Graphical User Interfaces for OSF for UNIX Workstation Environments.
OSI
Open system interconnection is a seven-storey system interface and communication model created by ISO in 1984, called the OSI reference model includes the following seven layers: seventh floor - application layer, sixth floor - dialogue, fifth floor - Route layer, fourth layer - transport layer, third layer - network layer, second layer - link layer, first layer - physical layer. The OSI model is used to develop interfaces and connect two different systems.
Origin
1. The reference position indicated by the two-dimensional coordinates is often represented by (0, 0).
2. The place where travel is started. For most people, it is often referred to. For a group, a source may be an account investigation zone or a city, and the source is expressed as node in the network map. The map is expressed as a point and is represented in the multilateral magnax.
Overlay Analysis:
(Superimposed) Thematic Map:
Topic map. Intuitively represent data. Make data more convincing, SuperMap supported special map types include single-values, segments, grade symbols, graphs, area diagrams, graphs, histograms, three-dimensional column, cake Figure, three-dimensional cookbook, rose diagram, three-dimensional rose, point density, symbolic filling, text labeling, and 3D area maps.
Overlay
See topology.
Overshoot
A digitalization of an arc and another arc intersection.
Parallel
1, the distance between the distance between the two or more lines is equal.
2, the global horizontal line is horizontal, the equator is a weft, its latitude is zero degree, the measurement of latitude is north of the equator from 0 to 90 degrees, and the equator is from 0 to 90 degrees from 0 to 90 degrees.
Path
Connect a series of ordered network links and network nodes of the starting point and endpoint.
Pathfinding
The process of finding a path between the source and destination, this process considers the minimum consumption path problem.
Paul recrere tour
The starting point is not equal to the travel sales route for the end. This name comes from the American history and starts with a name called Paul Rerere.
peak
The surrounding slope slope is a negative point.
Peripheral Device
Hardware devices (such as digitors, plotters, and printers).
Persistent Lock
When modifying daily transactions, the long-term database lock that needs to be employed when the user wants to keep the data for a long time.
Petabyte
The measurement of the data size, a Petabyte equal to 1000 TERABYTES PITs around the slope slope is a positive point.
Resource
Resource. Resources in SuperMap 2000 include line styleLIBs and symbols (Symbollib). SuePRMap 2000 not only comes from national standard lines and symbol libraries, but also linear libraries and symbol libraries are open, allowing users to customize line types and symbols. The linear library of SuperMap 2000 can be exported as a line library file (* .LSL), the symbol library can export as a symbol library file (* .sym) or output as a symbol library exchange file (* .smi). Line library files and symbol library files can easily choose different linear symbols in different work. Symbol library exchange files are expressly available for use in other systems. In addition, the SUPERMAP 2000's symbol library has a Draw method that can draw symbols to other HDC controls, providing convenience to the symbols of SuperMap 2000 in other systems.
Recordset
Recording set. Collection of records.
Rose Graph
Rose map. It is a graphic of the number indicator in each direction in the form of "roses". This is often used to represent wind direction and wind speed.
SELECTION
Select the set object. SUPERMAP 2000 is always constructed by a selection set object, all selected objects in the map window are stored in the selection set object. By selecting the method or attribute provided by the set object, you can clear a selected object from the selection set (make it not selected); you can also add an object or a recordset to the selection set, so that it is selected. You can also convert the selection set into a recordset. You can modify the style when the object is selected by selecting the interface provided. SDB (Spatial Database):
Spatial database, SuperMap supports pure relational databases (such as SQL Server, Oracle, etc.) storage and managing space data; provides space data, property data, multimedia data, and other capabilities of data in a single database file, to achieve space data And attribute data true seamless tissue.
SDD
SuperMap Management Property Database file.
SIMS
Seamless Integration of Multi-Source Spatial-Data. SuperMap Data Access Using Multi-Source Data Seamless Integration Technology (SIMS), you can store and manage spatial data in a variety of formats (such as SuperMap SDB files, SQL Server, and Oracle), and you can use multiple data from different data sources. Set the composite analysis. MIMAGE / RASTER Registering: registration of images and raster layers. Image map and vector chart geographic coordinates.
SuperMap
A new generation of network-based all-component type GIS software based on the WINDOWS series operating system jointly developed by the Geographic Information Industry Development Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Chao Geographic Information Technology Co., Ltd. Composed of multiple components, mainly include: core components, topology components, 3D components, desktop typography, legend components, and secondary development components. SuperMap2000 provides powerful GIS features in full component, including: data input, data format conversion, map editing, data management, space, and attribute combination query, topic map, network analysis, buffer analysis, superposition analysis, topology analysis , Topology error editing, three-dimensional modeling, three-dimensional model display, 3D analysis, desktop map typography, etc.
TRACKINGLAYER
Track layers. Each SuperMap window has a trackingLayer layer, which is always on the top of the window. You can draw and add various types of objects, such as points, lines, faces, text, etc., and each object also allows yourself and identification. Objects drawn on TrackingLayer do not be automatically reserved (it is cleared immediately), nor is it automatically saved to a layer, but users can get the object, and perform various processes, such as displaying, Add to a layer of layer, analyze a layer, and so on. With TRACKINGLAYER, you can also flash objects, follow-up functions along the line.
Unique Values:
Single value diagram. One value indicated by a symbol or color.
Workspace
Workspace. It can save all the data sources and datasets you open this time. Next time you only need to open this workspace, then all data sources and datasets included in this workplace are all open.
Workflow:
SuperWorkflow is a set of workflow management systems (WFMs) based on relational database management system (RDBMS), which supports Oracle and SQL Server, which supports Oracle and SQL Server, and complies with WFMC specification.
