IP address entry
What is an IP address "?" How to get your own IP address? "How to get the IP address of others? ......
Everyone has its own name, the computer is the same. In the local, there is a host name. In the network, there is an IP address.
(1) "IP address":
"IP address" is a protocol in "TCP / IP" (Transmite Control Protocol Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol INTO).
The Internet can interconnect a computer computer of various network systems in a broad range, mainly because of the "Unified World" TCP / IP protocol. In the network environment of the TCP / IP protocol, in order to uniquely determine the location of a host, three parameters must be specified for the TCP / IP protocol, namely IP address, subnet mask, and gateway address.
The IP address is actually a method of completing the "Unified" network physical address by the IP network network layer. This method uses a unified address format to allocate it to the host under unified management. The different hosts on the Internet have different IP addresses, and each host is constructed from 32 bits, ie 4 bytes. In order to facilitate user reading and understanding, it is usually used to indicate "point division decimal means", each byte is part, and the intermediate is separated from the point. As 61.129.64.150 is the IP address of the hacker power web server. Each IP address can be divided into two parts. The network number indicates the size of the network size, and the host number represents the address number of the host in the network. According to the size of the network, the IP address can be divided into five categoriescent A, B, C, D, E, where A, B, C class are three main types of addresses, and the D-class is available for multi-purpose addresses. And class E is used to extend the standby address. A, B, and C three type IP addresses are valid for the following table:
Category network host number
A 1 ~ 126 0 ~ 255 0 ~ 255 1 ~ 254
B 128 ~ 191 0 ~ 255 0 ~ 255 1 ~ 254
C 192 ~ 223 0 ~ 255 0 ~ 255 1 ~ 254
In the IP address, there are several special meanings:
Broadcast Address: TCP / IP protocol regulations, the IP address of all of the host number 1 is used for broadcast. The so-called broadcast address refers to sending packets to all hosts in the Internet, that is, regardless of physical network characteristics, the Internet network supports broadcast transmission. As 136.78.255.255 is a broadcast address in the Class B address, you send the information to this address, which is sent to all the hosts of the network number 136.78.
Limited broadcast address: Sometimes it is necessary to broadcast in this network, but do not know the network number of this website, the TCP / IP protocol specifies the IP address of 32-bit 1 for this broadcast, ie 255.255.255.255.
"0" address: TCP / IP protocol stipulates that all network numbers of all 0 are interpreted as "this network." If the host tries to communicate in this network, do not know the network number of this website, then "0" address can be used.
The first decimal value of the returning address A network address is 127 is a reserved address, such as 127.1.11.13 for network software testing and local machine processes.
In order to quickly determine which part of the IP address represents the network number, which part represents the host number, and determines whether the two IP addresses belong to the same network, it produces the concept of subnet mask. The subnet mask gives the bit mode of the entire IP address, where 1 represents the network part, 0 represents the IP host number part, and the dot decimal representation is also used in the application. Use it to help determine where the IP address number is over, where is the host number at. The standard default masks of the three types of networks of the A, B, and C are as follows:
Category subnet mask bit model subnet mask A 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 255.0.0.0
B 111111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 255.255.0.0
C11111111111111111.111111111.00000000 255.255.255.0
If the IP addresses of the two hosts in the Internet online are 192.83.192.10 and 192.83.192.32, then the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 After the two IP addresses and (and), the network number and The host number, and the result is consistent, it can be judged that the two IP addresses belong to the same network.
In order to effectively utilize the IP address in the case of the network segmentation, the high portion of the host number can be obtained as the subnet number, and the subnet mask is extended from the usual eight-bit limit to create more addresses. But when you create more subnets, the number of available host addresses on each subnet will be reduced. To determine the subnet mask of more subnets, first determine the number of network segments of the IP information stream, then determine the number of minimum subnet masks that can accommodate the number of network segments, remember not to use all 0 or all 1 Network address.
To make two completely different networks (heterogeneous networks) together, generally use the gateway, and two networks in the Internet are also interconnected by a computer called a gateway. According to the IP address of the user's communication target computer, this computer decides whether the information sent out of the user is sent out of the local network. At the same time, it also sends the outside world to the local network computer receipt, it is a network and another network phase. The channel is connected. In order to make the TCP / IP protocol to address, the channel is given an IP address, which is referred to as a gateway address.
Simply, "IP Address" is the "ID card" of each host!
(2) How to get your own IP address? :
Take Windows 98 as an example:
Enter: WiniPCFG in "Start" - "Run". You can also find "WINIPCFG.EXE" in the "Windows" folder.
Then, Windows opens "IP Configuration".
Among them, in "Ethernet Adapter Information" - "IP Address" will display: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is your IP.
(3) How to get someone else's IP address?
To get the IP address of others, it is a thing that doesn't have to worry about it.
1. Get the IP of a website:
For example, your website now: Jinshan Drug Forum
It may be that you will say that the URL entered when I visited the website is: http://bbs.kingsoft.net
No IP address is not used!
In fact, this is just a domain name.
So what is the "domain name"?
When you enter a website in the browser, the DNS server converts this domain name into the IP address that can be identified, then finds the corresponding server, transmission, switched data, and the like.
So, the domain name is just the "avatar" of the IP address.
2. Which of do we get the IP of the website?
We want to use "ping.exe", which is "ping" command.
Take Windows 98 as an example:
Click "Start" - "Programs" - "MS-DOS Way".
Enter: ping bbs.kingsoft.net (do not add "http: //".)
example:
D: /> ping bbs.kingsoft.net
Ping bbs.kingsoft.net [61.145.119.116] with 32 bytes of data: reply from 61.145.119.116: Bytes = 32 TIME = 11ms TTL = 56
Reply from 61.145.119.116: Bytes = 32 TIME = 11ms TTL = 56
Reply from 61.145.119.116: Bytes = 32 TIME = 11ms TTL = 56
Ping Statistics 61.145.119.116:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, LOST = 0 (0% LOSS),
Approximate Round Trip Times in Milli-Seconds:
Minimum = 10ms, maximum = 11ms, Average = 10ms
Where: 61.145.119.116 is the IP address of the http: // bbs.kingsoft.net web server.
3. How to get the IP address of a personal computer?
Personal computer IP address and server IP address are different.
The IP address of the dial-up user will change, and the IP address of the server will not change.
So, how to get someone else's IP address?
Tell everyone, the best way is that it is thick and asked people. But this is no one will give you. :)
Of course, we don't use this method to get the IP address.
Here is the experience I have summed up:
Universal method:
Programs need: Domain name steering system for firewalls and websites.
1. Install a firewall (for example: Tiannan firewall) and open it.
2, get your own IP address. Example: 127.0.0.1
3, look for "domain name steering system" online, for example: http://my.yeah.net
4. Apply for a new domain name and point to the 7626 port of your IP address (this port is the listening port of Trojm Horse ice.). Example: 127.0.0.1: 7626
Successful URL sent to others. Example: http://yxjyz.yeah.net
6. When the person accesses the URL just now, the firewall will make a alarm and record the IP address of that person.
Principle explanation: When someone tries to connect your computer (especially Trojan horse listening port.), The firewall will alert and record the IP address that tries to connect.
7.Oicq (QQ) method:
Query others' IP in OICQ (QQ), there are two main methods:
The first: install an OICQ to display the patch of the IP address. (There are many online.)
Second:
1. In OICQ, in OICQ, please let your friends go to OICQ's "two worlds".
2, then, in "start" - "program" - "MS-DOS mode" input: netstat -n
D: /> netstat -n
Active Connections
Proto Local Address Foreign Address State
TCP 127.0.0.1:1811 127.0.0.3:10098 ESTABLISHED
D: />
Among them, "127.0.0.1" is my IP address, "127.0.0.3" is his IP address.
