Software development type informationization project supervision, first, informationization project supervision classification according to the characteristics of information engineering project itself, information engineering project supervision can be divided into three categories: hardware network integration project supervision, software product implementation type information information Supervision and supervision of software development type informationization projects. These three types of supervision work have its own characteristics. The supervision of the hardware network integration project mainly includes integrated wiring and network system integration. The most important feature of such supervision is that the evaluation criteria for hardware network integration projects are very clear and easy to implement. For example, the supervision of the integrated wiring is based on "China Engineering Building Standardization Association Standards CESC89: 97.5 Building and Construction Group Integrated Wiring System Engineering Construction and Acceptance Standard", "People's Republic of China Communications Industry Standard YD / T 926.1-1997 Building Communication Integrated Wiring System "Waiting, network quality supervision is based on" ANSI X3T9.5 Fiber Distributed Data Interface Standard Specification ", etc. These are direct-oriented specifications. Therefore, the supervision of hardware network integration projects is relatively simple relative to other two types of project supervision. The supervision of software products implemented informatization project is mainly based on products developed in various manufacturers, and selects the appropriate software products and implemented in accordance with corporate demand. Such projects involve evaluation of software applications relative to the supervision of hardware network integration projects. At present, the country has not issued the corresponding standard for software evaluation. In fact, software implementation evaluation is not easy to form a unified standard, which has caused certain difficulties to supervise such projects. The supervision of the software development type informationization project is mainly based on certain hardware network facilities, and the contractor is based on the construction party needs development software system. Since software development is a very high knowledge intensity, it is also very personal in some extent. Therefore, there are currently various standards for software development projects, mostly for software development processes, such as terminology and documentation. Therefore, such project supervision also has a certain difficulty. The author combined with its experience in software development project supervision, the author has explored some of the supervision works of such informationization projects. Since the relationship between the construction party and the supervisor begins with the signing of the supervision contracts of the two parties, the supervision process of this article begins with the supervision contract. However, in view of the basic preparation of pre-contract, the preparation of the supervision is the foundation of follow-up, so it is necessary to introduce the preparation of the supervisor. Prior to signing the supervision contract, the supervisory company first responded to the demand investigation in the construction unit. The direct purpose of this demand research is to prepare a more detailed project proposal to obtain a supervision contract, and is also preparing for the bidding documents. The survey is primarily clearly as follows: What goals do the construction party do in the project? What is the target after submissions? What is the quality of quality? What is the requirements? How much investment budget is equal. Finally, the project proposal and preliminary supervision plan are completed. The characteristics of each stage and the supervisor at this stage will be described in detail below. Second, software development type project supervision basic flow 1. In the bidding phase during the bidding phase, the main job of the supervisor is based on the pre-research situation, assisting the construction party to prepare bidding documents, organizational bids, keeping contracts, and documents. Among them, the bidding documents should include: bidders instructions, nature, technical requirements, quality requirements, construction requirements, training requirements, acceptance requirements, quotation requirements, bidder qualification requirements, bid guidance requirements, bidding document preparation requirements, bid evaluation standards , Compliance guarantee letters, as well as the main terms of the contract. And assisting bid evaluation work is mainly starting from the following aspects. (1) Technical aspects for technical reviews, there are generally two methods: First, the comparison method, the other is the scoring method. The comparative method is generally selected from the technical part of the bidder to select some key technologies for horizontal comparison. Whose parameters are closest to the tender requirements, and the technical evaluation is before. The accuracy of the scoring method is higher relative to the comparative method. The scoring method is also a key technical parameters from the tend to calculate the score in accordance with the predetermined weight value, and the score has a greater advantage in terms of technology. Both methods have long short. The scoring method is generally applicable to a large number of key technologies that require extraction, complicated and large maturity, which can be more clearly divided. In the current evaluation work, it is generally used in comparison.
In terms of technology, information such as technical backgrounds of bidding units should also be considered. For example, the CMM level has a similar project development experience and customer feedback from the past item. (2) In terms of price, the supervision party shall assisted the bidding party to evaluate the bid price. At the time of accounting, pay attention to the following factors: ☆ Whether the total quote is equal to the sum of each sub-offer. If the total quotes are not equal to the sum of each sub-offer, the difference is subject to the sum of the quotations, and the spread is handled according to the error. ☆ currency conversion. If the type of currency used in the bidding price is not the same, according to the sale price of the US dollar exchange rate to the US dollar exchange rate according to the bid opening day, the non-US dollar offer is converted into the US dollar quote after comparing. ☆ Treatment of the quote. Checking each quote for the requirements of the bidding documents, if there is a quote, it must first send a clarification according to the regulations. If it is true, the average offer quote reported in this mark is supplemented, and According to the relevant indicators of the supplement, the serial number and reasons in the bidding documents. If the total amount of the missing exceeds 5% of the bid price, it can be considered a major deviation. ☆ Treatment of the super-range bidding project. The bidder exceeds the scope of the scope of the bidding document in the bidding documents, which cannot be used as an increase or decrease in the modification price, nor can it be repeatedly clarified. Only when the over-range bid project has a separate column quotation quotation in the quotation table, it can be deducted from the evaluation price and indicate the number of the quote in the bidding document and the reasons. The offer obtained by adjusting the supplement is called the evaluation price, and the evaluation results of the evaluation price are evaluated and sorted. (3) Any product of any product is highly controlled by three aspects: quality, cost and delivery period. For software development projects, in addition to technical factors and price factors, delivery is also an important indicator. Therefore, the delivery period reported by the bid also needs to be considered. At the same time, the relevant service costs, bidder's credibility, and after-sales service as required are also required to consider the technical specifications. 2. After the overall planning phase, the two parties have signed a contract, and a group of the three parties of the construction party, the contractor and the supervision party, so a reasonable and unified plan is the basis for the success of the project. The main task of the overall planning phase is to review its project planning after the establishment party, and review its project planning, and revise the pre-established supervision project plan according to the project planning of the contractor. The supervision plan is the basis for the preliminary design of the supervisor's work throughout the project. The supervision plan is generally developed by the supervisor responsible for the project. The basic content should include: (1) project overview. Including engineering names, construction addresses, project composition and scale, expected total investment, expected project construction, engineering quality level, design, development unit name, and engineering characteristics. (2) Supervision and targets. The surpassment ranges generally include quality control, progress control and investment control at all phases, and other entrustment services. The supervision target is targeted by three major controls. (3) Main supervision measures. (4) Supervision organization. (5) Project supervision work system. For example, the supervisor's internal work conference system, supervision log system, supervision weekly and monthly report system, the supervision party and the other two regular communication systems, etc. At this stage, the supervision party shall submit a supervision plan. 3. Demand analysis phase demand analysis is the cornerstone of project construction, and the supervisor should be presumed to respect the project management and project analysis capabilities of the contractor, and do not interfere with the independent rights of the contractor. At the same time, the supervisor should give full play to the bridge effect of good project supervision and promotion between the construction party and the contractor. Demand analysis work usually has three phases. The first phase, the interview phase. At this stage, it is to communicate with the user's leadership, and the interviews of business teams is to understand the user's demand direction and trend, understand the existing organizational architecture, business processes, hardware and software environment and usage. Realization means is usually issued in advance to the investigation department, and then exchange interviews around the questionnaire on the agreed time. The second phase, in-depth stage. This stage of work is based on the work completion of the interview phase.
The contractor obtains the relatively advanced business model based on the incidents of experience in previous projects and the recommendations of business experts, and the construction of the business model to discuss the rationality, accuracy and development direction of business models. The third stage, the confirmation phase. After completing the two-stage work, you need to refine the specific process and confirm the data. According to the work of the first two phases, the construction of the contract is quit demand analysis report, and provides the prototype demo system, and the construction party conduct further discussion, and finally identify a demand analysis report. It should be pointed out that during the system construction, especially when using the iterative method development mode, the work needs to be analyzed, and in the later demand improvement, the work is basically concentrated in the next two stages. The supervisor works in these three phases, can be divided into two parts: supervision and communication. The supervision work includes the supervision supervision of various documents in the demand analysis, supervision of the contracting party interviews, the needs analysis report, the prototyping system confirmation, etc.; communication work is expressed in the construction party and the contractor due to knowledge background When the communication is not smooth during the interview, the supervision party should use its own advantages to promote the mutual understanding of the two sides. During the demand analysis phase, the standards of the supervisors can refer to the GB 9385-88 Computer Software Demand Description Writing Guide. At this stage, the supervision party shall submit a demand analysis stage supervision rules, supervision logs, and submit a summary report for the demand analysis phase after the demand analysis is completed. 4. Summary design phase is designed, so that software demand is converted into system architecture of data structure and software, which generally includes data design and system structural design. The data design focuses on the definition of the data structure, the relationship between the system structure design defines the main components of the software system. In the process of summarizing the contractor, the supervision work of the supervisor includes the following aspects. (1) Developing specifications to enter the software development phase, first, we should formulate common compliance with the software development group to coordinate the work of members within the group. These standards should include: ☆ reading and understanding the software requirements instructions, confirming whether the user requirements can be implemented, clear implementation, thus identifying the design objectives and their priority; ☆ Determine the most appropriate design method according to the target; ☆ Specify design documentation Preparation Standard; ☆ Specify the information form of the encoding, the interface agreed with the hardware and operating system, naming rules. (2) The overall design of the software system structure is based on the demand analysis, which is based on the functional hierarchical structure, including a certain design method, dividing the system into the hierarchy of the module, determines the function of each module, established and determined The correspondence between the software requirements, determines the call relationship between the modules, determines the interface between the modules, and evaluate the quality of the module division. (3) Treatment method design processing mode Design To determine the algorithm necessary to implement the functional requirements of the system, evaluate the performance of the algorithm; determine the algorithm necessary to meet the performance requirements of the system and the modulation of the module; determine the reception of external signals Send form. (4) Data structure design is based on the requirements analysis report. The database design includes determining the structure of the file system involved in the software and the design of the database, sub-mode, performs data integrity and security design; determines the detailed data structure of the input, output file; the combination algorithm design, the logic data necessary to determine the algorithm Structure and its operation; determine the program module (software package) necessary to logical data structure; limit and determine the impact range of each data design decision; The detailed data structure and use rules; the protection design of data; the consistency design of data; redundant design, etc. (5) Reliability design reliability design is also called quality design. During operation, in order to adapt to changes in the environment and the user's new requirements, the software is often modified and corrected.
Software development is determined to determine software reliability and other quality indicators, consider corresponding measures to make software easy to modify and easily maintain. (6) The document profile of the summary design phase should be written in the following documentation: summary design manual, database design manual, user manual, and develop a preliminary test plan. For the above work, the supervision party shall evaluate the summary of the contractor as follows: (1) Traceability confirm whether the design covers all the determined software requirements, whether the software can be traced back to a requirement; 2) The interface confirms whether the internal interface of the software is clearly defined, whether the module meets the requirements of high polymerization and low coupling, whether the module scope is within its control; (3) Risk confirm the design in existing Under technical conditions and whether it can be implemented on time; (4) Practical confirm that the design is practical for demand; (5) Technical clarity confirms whether the design is expressed in the form of an easy-to-translate code; 6) Maintainability to confirm whether the design considers the convenience of future maintenance; (7) Quality confirming whether the design has good quality characteristics; (8) Various options determine whether other programs are considered, compare various options Standard; (9) Restriction assessment whether the restriction of the software is reality, whether it is consistent with demand; (10) Other specific issues evaluate the documentation, testability and design procedures. This stage of supervision should submit: In the profound design of the overall design phase supervision rules, supervision week, submit the summary design supervision report after the summary design is completed. 5. The direct goal of the detailed design phase Detailed design phase is to write a detailed design manual. To this end, the contractor should do the following: (1) Determine the algorithm of each module, use the tool expression algorithm, write out the detailed process of the module; 2) Determine the data structure of each module; (3) Determine the details of the module interface. The supervisor is mainly controlled by this stage, and the main means is to communicate with the contractor and inspect documents. This stage of supervision should submit: In the detailed design, the supervision of the detailed design phase is submitted before the design phase, the supervision is written, and the confirmation report of the detailed design manual is submitted after the detailed design is completed. 6. The encoding and test phase encoding is the process of designing a detailed design phase with a computer language. The supervision party shall perform the supervision of the coding work in accordance with the principles of structured programming: (1) Limited basic control structure representing the order, selection, and repetition, etc., (2) The selected control structure is only allowed to have an entry. And an exit; (3) program statement constitutes a block that is easy to identify, only one entry and an exit; (4) complex structure should be implemented in combination with basic control structures; (5) Control structure in language A section of an equivalent program can be used, but the program is required to be uniform in the entire system. Usually the test is carried out simultaneously with coding. The software test is not only in this stage, but through the stage of software demand analysis, summary design and detailed design. The tests of this section refer to the code test. In the test phase, the supervision party should supervise the contractor based on the test principles.
