Computer maintenance steps and maintenance operations Precautions Computer maintenance steps to repair computers, follow the steps: 1. Understanding the situation, communicate with the user before the service, understand the situation before and after the fault, performs initial judgment. If you can understand that the fault has as detailed before and after the failure, the accuracy of the on-site maintenance efficiency and judgment will be improved. Understand whether the user's failure and technical standard have conflict. Understand the situation to the user, the analysis judgment method in the second part should be communicated with the user. This will not only initially judge the fault location, but also help the corresponding maintenance spare parts. Second, if the recurring fault is fully communicated with the user, it is confirmed that: 1. Whether the user repairs the fault phenomenon is existing, and the preliminary judgment of the seen phenomenon is determined; 2. Have other faults exist. Third, it is judged that the maintenance is judged and positioned, and the process of producing a fault is to find a failure. In the process of judging the judgment repair, the principles, methods, precautions, and second, and three parts described in the "Maintenance Judgment" below should be followed. Fourth, test 1. After maintenance must be inspected, confirm the fault phenomenon of the recovered or discovery, and the user's computer does not have other visible faults. 2. Must follow the configuration on the computer after-sales service order, the entire machine is performed, and the user's unrecognized fault will be eliminated and the timely excluded. § 2.2 Computer repair operation In the repair process, the following provisions should cause practical attention and attention. First, in the process of performing a fault phenomenon, the repair judgment should avoid the expansion of the fault; II. In the maintenance, you must check, check the packing order and configuration; three, you must communicate with the user. Understand the user's operational process, the operation of the failure, the user uses the level of the computer. Fourth, the first thing to pay in maintenance is to observe - observation, observation, and then observe! ! ! 1. Surrounding environment: power environment, other high-power electrical appliances, electricity, magnetic field conditions, machine layout, network hardware environment, temperature and humidity, environmental clean level; whether the desktop of the computer is stable. Whether the peripheral equipment is deformed, discolored, odor, etc .; 2. Hardware environment: cleanliness, temperature and humidity in the chassis, the jump line settings, color, shape, smell, etc. Whether the connection is correct; there is no error or miscondack, a short-needle / break, etc.; the user is installed with other devices that can be operated by other devices that can run related to the machine; 3. Software environment: A. System What software is loaded, they have other soft and hardware have conflicts or mismatched places; B. In addition to standard software and settings, to observe the drivers of equipment, motherboards and systems, whether the patch is installed, whether it is appropriate; Whether the fault to be processed is a recognized bug or compatibility problem in the industry; other applications and configurations of users are appropriate; 4. Observation during the power-on process: the temperature, odor, odor, smoke, etc .; if the system time is correct 4. Observing the time of disassembly and packing: There must be a good habit of recording the original installation status of Ning, and we must seriously observe the shape, color, original installation status of the Ning Ningyuan device; 6. Observe The user's operational process and habits, and whether it meets the requirements. 5. Before the repair, if dust is more dust, or suspect is caused by dust, it should first remove the dust. For its unfamiliar applications or equipment, it should be handled after carefully read the user's manual or other related documents. Seven, usually pay more attention to the experience and improve the level of maintenance through technical information and other experienced friends. Eight, the maintenance engineer is prohibited to install the floor for the user. If the user wants to install the ground, please contact the official electrician to install it. Nine, if you want to make a fault judgment through a comparative method, the user's consent should be obtained first.
X. In the process of carrying out the repair judgment, if it is possible to affect the data stored in the user, it is necessary to do a good job, or protect measures, and obtain the user's consent to continue. Eleven, when a large number of similar faults (not only possible to determine if a batch failure), be sure to take the surrounding environment, connected equipment, and other mining or equipment related to the fault picking Ning. Check and record to identify the root cause of the fault. Twelve, the treatment of random faults. Randomness fault refers to: randomized crash, random error error, randomness, unstable phenomena. The processing idea for such faults should be: 1. Care hardware, especially when the on-site service. Be sure to make hardware replacement on a certain analysis after sufficient software debugging and observation. If you are not sure, it is best to perform hardware replacement operations in the maintenance station. 2. Software adjustment is mainly. The adjustment content is: 1) Set BIOS to factory status (note BIOS switch position) 2) Killing virus 3) Adjusting power management 4) Adjusting system Run Environment 5) If necessary, do disk finishing, including disk fragmentation, useless files Clean up and media inspection (note, should be carried out in the case of checking the normal space of the disk partition and the space for the partition). 6) Confirm that there is no user self-installed hardware, if any, confirm its performance / compatibility. 7) Comparison with a failed machine comparison. One way of this comparison is that inserting the tap nemay (including software) in the faulty machine in the same way as the faulty machine, see the change of the invoice, when inserted into a After Ning, there was no problem with the faulty machine, and it can be sentenced to Ning's fault. Note that the contrast of this approach should be thoroughly made to prevent leakage may have two kinds of homing to cause the same fault. 13. Efforts should be struggled to learn related technical knowledge, master the installation, use of the operating system, the use of the configuration tool, etc .; understand the meaning of each configuration parameter and the applicable range. 14. Requesting the content of the need to pay attention to the contents of the need 1. Hardware and configuration information (as far as possible) 2. Software and configuration information (as far as possible) 3. Surrounding Environment 4. Complete failure phenomenon description. That is, the failure of the user's first repairs, the changes in the fault phenomenon after repair operation. (Clear Description) 5. The maintenance operations have been done (detailed) § 2.3 The basic idea of computer maintenance is to help maintenance engineers, to find the relevant content in the second part, and list the basic judgment ideas here, for injury use. The second part common fault judges this section Classify the computer from the power to the fault during the shutdown. The judgment of each class is the organic component of the "Maintenance Judgment" section in the first part, that is, whether or not, the two parts are always used in combination with each other. The fault phenomenon listed in the following troubleshoots is only part of many fault phenomena, and some can be classified in it, and some cannot be classified. Thus, this paper provides a method and idea of the corresponding judgment for the fault phenomenon listed and categorous therefrom, and provides basic exclusion methods. Basic Principles and Methods of Computer Maintenance The principles, methods, etc., the method, etc. §1.1 Basic principles should follow computer maintenance: First, the maintenance judgment must start from the simplest thing, on the one hand, the other hand refers to a simple environment.
Simple things are observations, including: 1. Environment around computer - location, power supply, connection, other equipment, temperature and humidity, etc .; 2, the phenomenon of computers, the content, and them are normal Similarities and differences; 3, the environment in the computer - dust, connection, device color, taking the shape of the Ning Ning, the status of the indicator, etc. 4, the computer's hardware and software configuration - how hardware, resources The situation; uses to make the operating system, which is installed on the other application software; the hardware setting driver version, etc. The simple environment includes: 1, the minimum system will be mentioned later; 2. In the judging environment, only basic operation of the Ning / Software, and the doubtful tap Ning / software; 3, in one In a clean system, add the user's application (hardware, software) to analyze the analysis and judgment from simple things, conducive to the concentration of energy, which is conducive to the determination and positioning of the fault. Be sure to note that judgment and repair must be performed by serious observation. Second, according to the observed phenomenon, "I want to do it first" first, I want to do it first, including the following aspects: First, I want to do it, where to start, and actually do it. It can also be said that it is first analyzed, and then repairs. Second, for the observed phenomenon, please check the relevant information as much as possible, see if there is a corresponding technical requirements, use characteristics, etc., then combine the content you want to talk about according to the information you want, and then repair it. Finally, in the process of analyzing judgment, according to their existing knowledge, experience is judged, I don't know if I don't know or don't understand it, I must first consult an experienced colleague or your technical support engineer. Seeking help. Third, in most computer maintenance judgments, "must be" soft after: "From the process of judge throughout the maintenance, always judge whether it is a software failure, first check the software problem, when the can be confirmed is normal, If the fault can't disappear, then start check from hardware. IV. During the maintenance process, it is necessary to distinguish between the "main contradiction", sometimes there is more than one fault, sometimes there is more than a fault. However, there are two or more fault phenomena (such as: no in the startup process, but the machine is also starting, after starting, there is a crazy phenomenon, etc.), when it should be judged first, maintenance is mainly Fault phenomenon, after repair, repairable secondary fault phenomenon, sometimes it is necessary to repair it. §1.2 Basic method of computer maintenance 1. Observing method, is the first method of maintenance judgment, it Express throughout the maintenance process. Observing is not only serious, but also comprehensively. The content to be observed includes: 1, surrounding the environment; 2, hardware environment. Including connector, seat and slot, etc. 3, software environment; 4, users The habit of operation, the process 2, the minimum system method, the minimum system method refers to the most basic hardware and software environment that makes the computer boot or runs from the perspective of maintenance judgment. Minimum system has two forms: hardware minimum system: by power, motherboard And the CPU. In this system, there is no connection to any signal line. Only the power supply to the motherboard is connected. During the judgment, it is determined whether this core component is working properly; software minimum system: by the power supply, Motherboard, CPU, memory, display card / display, keyboard, and hard disk. This minimum system is primarily used to determine if the system can complete normal startup and run.
For software minimal environments, "software" has the following points to explain: 1. The software environment in the hard disk retains the original software environment, just when analyzing judgments, isolation such as unloading, shielding, etc.). Retain the original software environment, mainly to analyze questions about judgment applications 2, software environments in hard disk, only one basic operating system environment (probably unloading all applications, or reinstalling a clean operating system ), Then load the needs of the need according to the needs of the analysis judgment. It is necessary to use a clean operating system environment, it is to determine the system problem, software conflict or soft and hardware conflict. 3. Under the software minimum system, you can add or change the appropriate hardware as needed. Such as: When it is determined to start the fault, because the hard disk cannot be started, you want to check if you can start from other drives. At this time, you can add a floppy drive or simply use a floppy drive in the software minimum system to check. Another example: When determining the fault of the audio and video, you should need to add a sound card in the software minimum system; when judging the network problem, you should add a network card in the software minimum system. The minimum system method is mainly necessary to judge whether the system can work properly in the most basic soft and hardware environments. If you don't work properly, you can determine the most basic soft, hardware to make a failure, resulting in fault isolation. The minimum system method is combined with step-by-step adding method, which can be positioned rapidly in the failure of other board software, and improve repair efficiency. Third, gradually add / remove the step-by-step addition method, based on the minimum system, each time you only add a hunning / device or software to the system, check whether the fault phenomenon disappears or changes, with this to determine and locate the fault location . Gradually remove the method, just in contrast to the step-by-step operation. Gradually add / remove the method generally to fit the fault location more accurately to the replacement method. Fourth, the isolation method is a judgment method that will prevent hardware or software shielding of fault judgment. It can also be used to suspect a hardware that conflict with each other, separating the software to determine whether the fault changes. The hardware and hardware shield mentioned above is to stop its operation, or uninstall; for hardware, it is disabled, disabled, uninstalling it, or simply removes the hardware from the system. V. Alternative alternative method is to replace the Ning Ning that may have faults in replacement, to determine if the fault is disappearing. A good hunger can be the same model or may be different models. The order of replacement is generally: 1, according to the phenomenon of the fault or the fault category in the second portion, it is necessary to carry out the replacement of the Ning or the equipment that needs to be replaced; 2. Alternatively, according to the first simple and complex order. Such as: first memory, CPU, the main board, and if you want to judge the printed fault, you can take care of whether or not the print driver has problems, and then sadly the print cable has faults, and finally the printer or the parallel port is faulty; 3, First, I checked the connection line, signal line, etc. connected to the Ning Ning connected to the fault, followed by replacing the doubt of the trouble, and then replaced the power of electricity, and finally the other related to it. Yu Ning. 4, from the high failure rate of hunting, the most replacement is the first to replace the Ning Ning. Take a high failure rate, Ning, is replaced first. Sixth, comparative method comparison method is similar to the replacement method, that is, the comparison of the appearance, configuration, operational phenomena, etc., the use of good taking, configured, operational phenomena, etc., can also compare between two computers to determine The fault computer is different from the environment setting, hardware configuration, so that the fault is found. Seven, the lifting cooling method is in the process of the on-site service, the use and maintenance between the use and repair are different due to the limitations of the tool.
