Language: What is the bigger database or challenge the database?
(Liao Hanteng Hanteng@ieee.org)
Language: Larger database or challenge database? Database Social Curriculum Difference Report 1
What is a language network? 2
Language Network and Database Relationship 3
Web / hypertext challenge database? 4
From the perspective of history 4
From the perspective of files and narratives 6
Database imagination restructuring 8
Database table, personalized, personal narrative 8
Personalization (Personalized Personal PROFILE) is a good thing or a bad thing? 9
Review Bush's MEMEX and today's WWW10
Description of type 10
Enhancement of social strength? Enhanced control? 11
Since the development of web technology (Web), people have changed in the way in contact information. The first of web technology
ARCHITEC, web technology inventors, Tim Berners-lee, file next to the page
The concept of architecture is the Senantic Web. If our society is in the development of the web page
What is the imagination of language social society? What is the imagination of language society?
Why is the gap between the meeting? In order to explore the imagination of the language society and the differences between the social imagination of the database, this
The article is committed to power, control, and performance discussions. This article is advocated, the development of language network, simply
At the same time, it continues and change the revolution of the database society, turning from a closed control society into one
Open observation society.
What is a language network? Language is an imagination, sending an existing global web page (web) and hypertext
Imagination of the exhibition. Standards for web technology, W3C organization, and inventors, Tim Berners-lee, positive
Design the standard of next-generation web architecture. In this imagination, the language is the extension of the web page, and
Non-procedures, the information in the language network has a clear definition, can work with the computer, and
Unlike existing webpages just a bunch of electronic files to be read. The so-called "clear definition" is a letter
There is a further "Description" (Description ", and by describing the" Vocabulary)
Sature, let the computer can further process the information, get rid of the old habit of the symbol ratio. Language network
It is an imagination that improves the current global web (Web) and hypertext.
This does not mean that existing web technology is not available. On the contrary, the current web technology is great.
invention. Existing webpage technology allows files to connect each other (in a hyperlink way), let
The average people can publish their own web pages for any person to read. Two major features of web technology
Linkablity and universality, have created the basic rack of existing web world
Structure. In this world, each page is open for every person to read and connect.
Editor
Language definition
"Language Network is to provide a profile to share each other across applications, enterprises, and community.
Communicable with reuse. It is dominated by W3C and has a lot of researchers and industry partners.
Participate in this cooperative program. It is based on the resource description architecture (RDF), integrating various use XML
Syntax, URI naming rules application. "
"Language is the extension of the current Internet network, in the language network, the information will be improving the meaning
(Well-Defined), let the cite and people together have no time. Tim Berners-Lee, James
Hendler, Ora Lassila, Language, Science, USA, May 2001.
original:
"THE SEMANTIC Web Is The Reresentation of Data on The World Wide Web.it is a collaborative effort led by w3c with participation from A
Large Number Of Research And Industrial Partners. It is based on
The Resource Description Framework (RDF), Which Integrates a Variety
Of Applications Ursion XML for Syntax and Uris for Naming. "
"THE SEMANTIC Web Is An Extension of The Current Web in Which
Information is Given Well-Defined Meaning, Better Enabling Computers
And people - Tim Berners-lee, James Hendler,
Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001
Link: Semantic Web
Since it is an extension of existing web technologies, it is natural to have new and old. Old part
Mainly in (1) "Existing Web File Tag Technology" and (2) "Adapted Database Technology"; new
Part is mainly to add language symbolic system to the language symbol system, so that the computer
And the further treatment of information on information. Discuss technical history, to examine their social development context, and this article will
First, the relationship between "existing web file tag technology" and "earlier database technology",
The development imagination of speech is a social imagination.
Relationship between language and database
I think the rise of the web page is in the form and use, challenges the form and use of the database, and
The efforts of the language are to try to make existing web technology to further use the database's processing mode.
The reason why I think so, from Tim Berners-Lee in 2001 << Science Americans >> Magazine
The beginning of the article is explained. In this example, a daughter knows her mother needs to see a specialist.
And then do some physical therapeutic treatments, this daughter only needs the agent of his browser,
From the computer agent from the doctor, I will find the list of service providers from the Internet.
The mother's insurance is filtered out from it, and the evaluation is better within 20 miles from home. then,
The browser's agent will follow the computer agent of the standard service provider, the treatment
During the time, compared, the daughter and service provider have time.
From this example, this is a database and database number of exchanges, but this imagination and
The past database is used in different purposes. The use of the database is usually followed by an organization, and cross-organization
The database is aligned, often not from the "individual", but to find "individual"
That is the end. In the past, the database is used, especially from the perspective of government or enterprises, is a person.
Record, and now the database, especially with the development of web technology and the use of popularization, it seems to
"Personalization" is the topic. Despite this, as will be discussed in this article, this is not intended to be tissue.
Control exits, let the individual's freedom, this is a change in power control.
This example by Tim Berners-Lee, existing web technology is certain, but this
It is noted, representing a distance, an existing web technology and database technology. Let us first put the new technology of the new technology, this example is the existing
Database technology is reached, and the difference is that these subordinate databases are available to each other.
Exchange information and have a comparison process to process these information. However, this processing mode is
The reality is not feasible is that the integration and exchange of databases is a problem, and then
The requirements may be different at any time, different needs of different formats of different databases require different requirements.
The program is handled, which is a problem that the database has long.
So I think that observing the development of today's language technology, there is a power to think by web technology
Universality and Linkablity to handle database exchange,
The problem of integration, although the force is starting from the database, but also facing the information open network base
This feature. The technique used to handle database exchange and integration, mainly from linguistics
The language of universities, this is brought into the complexity of language and context, and the database is
The "Table" is the main type, which belongs to "Graph" and "Tree" (Tree) linking.
These types of transformations, with my personal experience and observation of online use, I found a more open
, More monitored, more penetrated transitions. Although the development of the Internet is often placed in freedom
Under the confession of the Libertarians, I found FOUCAULT
Micro power learning helps to clarify some concepts. The most important point, from the database to the language of the network
To the description, "heavy strict discipline is decomposed, becomes convertible, adjustable, flexible control
method". From the use, transformation, and application details of information format, we can find that
If the database society symbolizes the organization's closed bureaucratic management, the web page symbolizes is elastically
, Open control management, and the direction of language network, the communication of these two control forms
And fight.
Why is this, the language can be seen as a global linking database, but it is not in the past.
Too the same database.
Such transitions can start from web / hypertext as challenged databases.
Web / hypertext challenge database?
From the perspective of history
Please allow me to use the two historical events that will happen before and after the Second World War.
Together, the archaeological web / hypertext is different from the database, but has an influential development context.
As early as the Second World War, US Enterprise IBM (International Business Machine Company) provided Nazi
Germany's technical technology, and this past, many people think that it has become Nazi Germany later
Collectively persecute the bureaucratic technology foundation of the Jews. Database information collection and classification in this historical event
It is highlighting the "classification" control of the national power.
After the Second World War, a scientist Vannevar Bush in the United States proposed a memory (MEMEX)
Imagination, this imagination created the possibility of existing hypertext technology and future language network, this article agreed
Andy van Dam's view, think Bush's memory (MEMEX) imagination is not that it is
Can I predict the future, but this imagination, directly and indirectly affect today's web page (Web) super text
Hypertext development.
I have the following interpretation on the memory of Vannevar Bush's memory (MEMEX): in secondary
After the World War, the collaborative research and development of scientists will not be just like war.
Combined with the national war demand. Bush's memory (MEMEX) is scientists and research
The file database, in addition to the documents and notes required to "store" researchers, can record the researchers and documents, researchers and researchers (trail "(trail)
stand up.
Therefore, Vannevar Bush's memory (MEMEX), like a database and unlike a database.
In the stored function, it is like a database, but the researcher is a file, this and
The recorded record is a bit gap. The most unlike database, you can be "trail" (trail)
Recorded, and this is the "link" (LINK) of today's web / hypertext. no matter how
"Trail" in the bush mouth is still a "link" (LINK) we are now talking about
Relying on people's association (Mark Up).
Leslie Carr (2000?) Reviewed the development of these fifth years, providing an interesting comparison. Carr highlights
Bush's "Trail" Contemporaneous concept, think Bush's claim is
To allow researchers to be able to come from different research fields, different tissues, different publishers
Pieces, even together. Carr here puts Bush's memory (memex) with H.G. Wells
(1937) Before the Second World War, "Permanent World Encyclopedia" (Permanent "
World encyclopaedia, make a contrast. Although the same as Bush, micro-retarding
(Microfilm) is a storage device, but the world outlook and solutions are different. Carr believes
Wells see is a broken academic organization, and it is advocated a global storage office to make storage.
, Classification, and index (Store, Classify, And Index), and Bush see
Broken academic knowledge, initiatives a new memory agent machine, to make storage, recall,
And re-combined (Store, Recall, And ReCombine). Comparison of Carr is not only
Is it a functional comparison or a difference in database organizations (or even organizational methods)
Look away. In Carr's eyes, Wells's decision scheme is a collection, hierarchy (
Hierarchy), and index, but Bush in Carr is the "road mark" to use individuals.
(trail) to surpass these organizations.
Also discussed from the above, Carr believes today's web network (WWW), in many respects
"Permanent World" (Permanent World)
ENCYCLOPAEDIA, not like the memory of Vannevar Bush (MEMEX). Carr
It is considered that today's web network (WWW) is full of explicit, implicit organization level, classification,
And indexing systems, and even the role of it is embarrassing. This article also agrees with Carr
For web network (WWW) observations, today is recognized as mainstream construction, is level
(HIERARCHY), the backend database supports information, and the ability to connect hypertext
As an additional special sailing.
From a historical development, web network (WWW) challenges to databases can simplify into individuals.
Lenovo links with the tissue level classification. And the existence of the connection, highlighting these two
Thinking tension.
From the perspective of files and narrative
From the link, the gap between the web network (WWW) and the database is not enough,
Lev Manovich compares Narrative and database concepts, providing additional
One angle, here I will introduce and criticize such a statement, put forward a class of "database"
As discussed as a concept word.
In the
Media (New Media) object, preference of the database, not traditional narrative form. Before talking about Manovich, we will read the database with the narrative.
The CARR interpretation of database and memory (MEMEX) is in personal association links with
Tissue level classification. In other words, Lenovoicative and Personal
It is a problem with the Hierarchical Classification and database of the CARR to improve the hierarchical classification and databases. Starting point of Manovich
If it is not quite the same, Manovich is in the form of existing new media creation, sniffing the database
Database logic.
Database (Database) in the manovich mouth is defined, and it is slightly distinguished.
The field of machine science is different from the user views. In the field of computer science, data organization
Model viewpoint, database may have class, network, connected, object-oriented type
Don't (Types); and the database you see is a collection of items (a Collectes
Of items, users can watch, sail, and search. From this pragmatic starting point,
Let Manovich want to explore such a way of use, and the original description of narrative
What is the difference in reading. Manovich further continuous the US Histori Ervin Panofsky
"Symbolic form of the" Symbolic Form of Thae
Moderan Age, advocating the "Database" as a new symbolic form in the computer era.
MANovich's claims are not no problem (for example, he does not have the database organization.
Tructured Differences with Web Web), but it will narrative and database
Comparison, it is a fun starting point.
Manovich believes that as a cultural form, the world's world is a list of projects
Refusing to sort (this can have a lot of arguments), compared to the narrative
A trajectory of a difficult fruit, which will seem to be out of the project.
Therefore, in these two forms, in the eyes of Manovich is the natural enemy. Manovich
Highlight the role of the computer game, think that the computer game is dependent on the narrative (although it is more
Narrative of computer algorithm), different from CD-ROM or website, etc., depending on the database
Organized mode (relatively corresponding to the data structure). Further, Manovich claims,
Media objects are actually all databases, regardless of whether the database logic is followed,
And the object of the new media can be considered as an interface construction of the UEB
"The construction of an interface to database. This interface is
The computer era storytelling is the way, when the database becomes the center of the creative process.
Although Manovich highlights the role of the database, it is not an arbitrary database record.
The arrangement can constitute a narrative, Manovich believes that more elements are needed, and the light is a record
The link between links is not enough. Therefore, Manovich inferred that the general statement believes
Users can build their unique narratives as long as they create different paths.
Assumptions.
Manovich contribution is the role of the highlight database, especially in the database / narrative language
In pairing, the database is unmarked as in semiotics. Manovich
Step by step to develop its database symbolics, it is often the actual narrative, not database
The selection of information. Manovich provides interaction with interaction,
Thereby criticism. However, Manovich jumps to see the database as an imagination of creation.
And the narrative is opposite, as early as the Greek era, because he believes that Greek has a history-like narrative, with a database of encyclopedia. This concept change, let Manovich excessive
Interpretting the database as a collection of creative materials, and then overthrowing its highlights of the computer era
According to the important role of the library.
Database imagination
From the manovich's database logic, challenge your individual (whether it is the user or set up
The associative link to the play will inevitably produce narrative. From the Carr highlights the association link
Viewpoint, challenge the basic tendency of database level and classification. Manovich and Carr
The imagination of the library is indeed different. I'd like to zone from Focault's form concept
The difference between the Link Narrative.
Database table, personalized, narrative
Therefore, the first major operation of discipline is to develop the "Tableaux Vivants"
, Turn the unwitched or harmful blackcombes into order multi-cell. Develop a "table"
One of the major problems faced by scientific, political and economic technologies in the 18th century ... in the 18th century
, The form is both a power technology and a knowledge rule. It is related to how to organize complexity
Things, get a problem that covers and controls this complex thing, what is the relationship?
Give complex things a "order" problem.
FOCAULT
If you use the history of the database, don't trace back to Manovich's encyclopedia
The book, but the "table" seen by Focault. Form, photo of Focault, while
It is a kind of power technology is also a knowledge rule, which exists is to make complex things to obtain order.
. Focault's statement can be explained from the 18th century to the Second World War State to mobilize
Calculative power, like IBM is similar to the punch index system made by Nazi Germany, is a large
Database table made in "country" or "market", in this form,
People are usually a data (RECORD), while layering, continuous, and practical monitoring
According to the ownership and manipulation of the library, Focault calls the file area, or called the field
. In this area, the so-called "personal" symbol and character are defined by a large number of documents.
Coding gradually established, and the "formal" of individuals in power relations is also established. Focault
Say, it is checking the need to introduce the individual into the file field, and we are entering an endless check.
And forced the objective era.
Personalization (Personalized Personal PROFILE) is a good thing or a bad thing?
Personalization, a bad thing in the Jushu system you see in Focault. Focault distinguished
The meaning of personalization in the power period and the modern discipline system, in the Junan period, personalization is
"Rising", literary records, stay fragrant hundred generations, surname and family spectrum, etc.
The bigger can have personalization; the opposite, in the modern discipline system, the exercise of power is not
Dabin is not a commemorative text, but a decline in "personalization". therefore,
Focault will say, "In a rules system, children are more personal than adults, patients
More personalization than health people, mad and criminals are more personal than normal people and obeys.
Maybe we should focus on Focault's focus, transfer from personalization to power
The changing hidden thing. Personalization declines, mainly power exercises
Concealed, hidden in the field of descriptions composed of a large number of documents owned by the market and the country.
This is also no wonder that the development and use history of the database, and the main players of the market and the country have extreme
close relationship.
Review Bush's MEMEX and today's WWW
Vannevar Bush's Memory (Memex) imagination is true to be in the second world
After the war, Bush as an imagination of a scientist. Bush's "Trail" Lenovo
(ASSOCIATIVE), and its views from individuals, you can understand it first
Scientists may work with collaborative work. At this time, "personalization" means the object of researchers, this
The role can be a monitoring and observation of the country's results of scientists (this is BUSH completely
It is mentioned that it can also be a requirement for personalization and even publicization, such as Bush
Inside, some documents, especially the encyclopedia, should be able to make a micro
Low-priced ways make individuals with and develop "road marks".
At this time, we will borrow and share the concept of "description field" concept of Focault, you can more understand
Such a transition. First of all, we can consume that the emergence of memory is considered to monitor,
Because scientists or researchers not only have research results, the records are more demanding even open
The process of research is just like Focault, such a process is a junior process.
Description is not a monument to provide future memories, but only the documents needed from time to time.
Come, we further emphasize the appearance of the memory is another personal control skill.
Even a ubiquitous internalization realm.
However, Focault's argument, in terms of power and description, although
Creating, but seems to have done the difference in interpretation. Even in modern, a celebrity
Memoirs and an ignorant of unknown small pawns still have a big gap, and this gap
Not single in order to describe the concept of the field. It seems to be a story of narrative,
And becoming a record of information, there is still a small gap in social culture, although both
All have controlled monitoring, but as a junction method is completely reversed, "can be described"
Quasi have problems.
Describe types of fields
Perhaps describing the type of the field has its class. Describe the authority of monitoring
In personalization, the description of the description has continued to expand, but
The process of expanding, some people will say this is a democratization, some people will say this is an innocent
Not monitoring, (or democracy is an omnipotent monitoring), but the most important
This observation is that in this expansion process, the power form and the field of description
And classification.
The development of WWW, the two major characteristics of its web technology, universality
With a linkablity, it is divided into different descriptions. Universal attempt
Open the original closed, the database owned by the company and the country, on the one hand,
The original stiff large database form is more flexible, more scattered, more susceptible to exchange
form. This allows us to think of the prison depicted by Focault to panoramic attackers, the country
The transformation of type capitalism to the flow of capitalism. Universality can be said to be original description
Recombination and flexible integration in the field, this shows WWW at WWW during the 1990s
Imagination. Linkablity for web technology is also not as universal
(universality) is attached to it, because WWW's general imagination is considered one
Big database or global file storage, you have to go to the network log (WebLog)
Development, linkablity is like Bush in the memory
Emphasized, there is a possibility of associative, have passed path.
Enhancement of social strength? Enhanced control?
In the field of news and software, we can see the record and narrative scraps, and we
It can be assumed that the increase in social power and the enhancement of control power, as BUSH and
The relationship between the scientific researcher community. However, this control is in the field, we
You can observe a person who is prejugged from a table record and turns to a story narrative.
Preference. Open JournalsM and Free Software Foundation, in recent years, is a more elastic control and production force, its performance
The form is usually more elastic and connected and open-capable web links, and different
The traditional closed database.
At this time, we can understand why WWW inventors Tim Berners-Lee emphasizes the future
Language network as "Creative Social Machine"
The connotation, the creativity here includes two possibilities, one is a modern social surveillance
Skills, this is an inherited self-monitoring, the other is personal narrative
Creative demand, which is different from the database records that have erecognized efficiency.
