SME server configuration solution (ISDN dial)
2001-06-05 12:14
Publisher: NetBull Readings: 80 Tanghaijing (Submission) Section 7 ISDN Dial & 7.1 Summary In the past two years, ISDN has flourished in my country, and the telecommunications department of each province and city has opened ISDN business. Especially in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Beijing and other places, ISDN's development trend is unstoppable. As far as Shanghai, in May this year, ISDN users have reached 32,000. ISDN has an increasing user with high connection speed and high transmission quality. What is ISDN? ISDN is a referred to as the integrated business digital network, which is developed by the telephone integrated digital network (IDN). ISDN is a combination of digital exchange and digital transmission. It provides existing business in various communication networks in a variety of communication networks in a rapid, accurate, economical, and effective way, and combines communication and data processing and has created a lot of unprecedented new business. ISDN is a full-numbered network, that is, regardless of whether the original signal is voice, text, data or image, as long as it can be converted into a digital signal, it can be transmitted in an ISDN network. In the traditional telephone network, digitalization is realized, but the simulation transmission is still adopted between the user to the telephone bureau, it is easy to distortion due to the accumulation of noise along the way. For ISDN, the digital connection of the subscriber line is realized, and the digital connection of the end-to-end is provided, and the transmission quality is greatly improved. Since ISDN implements end-to-end digital connections, it can support various services including voice, data, images. As electronic communications continue to expand globally, many people need to exchange information with users in different regions. Now people's requirements for communication are not only simple voice exchange, but also different information on various formats. For example, some people need high-speed data and file transfer; some people may need multimedia and conference TV; some people want to access the central database. ISDN's business covers all of the business, such as fax, phone, video, context, context, etc., can meet the needs of different users. ISDN has a basic feature that provides users with standard entry interfaces. The user can combine the terminals of different service types and connect to the same interface, and change the terminal type at any time. ISDN has two main types: basic rate (bri) and group rate (PRI). The Telecommunications Bureau provides a BRI interface to ordinary users, using the original twisted pair, with a rate of 144 kb / s. BRISDN can provide two B channels (64K) and a D channel (16K), D channels for transmission signaling, and D channels for transport signaling, and D channels are used to transmit voice, data, and the like. All the phone only occupies a B channel, so a variety of business or dialogue is carried out at the same time. The PRI interface rate is 2.048Mb / s, which is used to transmit large amounts of data, such as PBX, LAN interconnection. What can ISDN do? ISDN provides users with a wide range of services. CCITT is classified into three categories: carrying business, user terminal services and supplementary services. The carrier business is the information transfer service provided by the ISDN network, which provides information transfer between users without changing the content of the information. Commonly used bearers include: voice service, 3.1KHz audio services and unslight 64K digital services. The voice service is generally employed when making a call. The bearer service indicates that the user is currently calling, and the network can be handled by speech compression, echo eliminating, digital voice engaging. The 3.1KHz audio bearer service is mainly used to transmit or use analog fax machine with a modem. This type of service can digitally transform the signal in the network, but other forms of voice processing technologies must be prohibited.
To use an ISDN dial-up, you need to use unrestricted 64K digital services, and the network does not do any processing for the transmitted data. Sometimes the user can call the applied ISDN line but cannot dial the Internet, it may be due to the opening of the 64K data bearer service on the line. User terminal services refer to all user-oriented application services, which contains the functionality of the network, but also contains the functionality of the terminal device. Users can use user terminal services such as phones, 4 types of faxes, data transfer, conference television, but they need support for terminal devices. Supplemental business is the ISDN network to other additional services provided on the basis of bearer business and user terminal services, and the purpose is to provide users with more convenient services. At present, the Shanghai Telecom Bureau provides users with the supplementary business: multi-user number, sub-address, caller number display, call waiting, call hold, etc. Among them, in addition to multi-user numbers, the number resource is required to pay a certain fee every month. Other supplemental services are free, and of course you first want to apply for these businesses. These business can really bring great convenience to users. For example, call waiting services allows you to play in both calls while using both calls. Call keeps you when you call, temporarily suspend existing calls, go to a new phone or answer other calls, and then recover the original call after the end. Why use ISDN? Whether it is an individual or a company, ISDN should be your first choice. Because it has the following benefits: cheap price: ISDN greatly increases the utilization of network resources due to the use of a single network. Users don't have to purchase different devices and lines access different networks. As far as Shanghai, the current Telecom Bureau launched an ISDN discount big package for users. Just spend 490 yuan, you can get the intelligent network terminal and ISDN adapter card produced by Shanghai Bell, and the original simulation phone, fax machine, etc. Direct access, through the ISDN adapter card can be networked at 128kb / s, the cost of the spend is less than a 56K modem price. Moreover, each ISDN line is 24 yuan, the same as the analog telephone line, but can be used in two analog lines, why not? High-speed data transmission: Using ISDN, the highest data transmission rate can reach 128kb / s, and several times more than the data rate in the existing telephone network. For Internet users, the file download rate is about 4kb / s when using the 56K modem, and it needs to be determined by the network, but use ISDN. If you use two B channels, download files are the fastest speed. Around 12kb / s, improve 3 times! In this way, the time, telephone bill, and the Internet fees are quite considerable. High transmission quality: Users who are often online must have similar experience, sometimes downloading a big file for hours, but after the download is over, it has been found that the error rate is high, and the downloaded file cannot be used. This problem is hardly happening using ISDN. Since ISDN uses an end-to-end digital connection, the transmission quality is high, it does not affect the effects of electrostatic and noise as analog lines. In addition, since the digital device in the ISDN facilitates fault detection, the system reliability is also improved. Flexible useful: ISDN provides a variety of services, users can use the various services provided by the network. For example, you can access your phone and your computer to ISDN, you can call while your internet. It can also be accessed to access visual calls, conference television, ISDN routers and other devices. Since these devices have corresponding international standards, they can be used as portability as home appliances, and can be pulled from one socket to another. In general, ISDN is a very mature technology that will bring you a new digital era with its high-quality service and civilized prices.
& 7.2 Built-in ISDN Card Built-in ISDN card installation is more troublesome, the main reason for this is a large number of cards, and the range of kernel support is very limited, so I recommend several kinds of Shanghai Bell to everyone, we only Need to recompile the kernel, plus our model with isdn. & 7.2.1 Configuration 1. Nuclear profile instance: The following is the options we need. Since all Chinese Linux issues now not support built-in ISDN, we want to use this good Dongdong to do it. Perform make menuconfig in / usr / src / linux directory, then select Options in ISDN items: <*> isdn support [*] Support synchronous ppp [*] Use vj-compression with synchronous ppp [*] support generic mp RFC 1717) [*] Support Audio Via Isdnhisax SiemensChipset Driver Support
[*] Hisax Support for EURO / DSS1
Support for German ChargeInfo
Disable Sending Complete
DISABLE SENDING LOW LAYER Compatibility
[*] Hisax Support for Teles 16.3 OR PNP or PCMCIA
[*] Hisax Support for Winbond W6692 Based Cards
Then, the deployment exits, executes make DEP, Make Clean, Make Bzimage, Make Make, Make Modules_Install, DepMod -a, make install.
At this point, the new core has been generated, and our old core is not deleted, just make a backup, if there is any problem, it can still be recovered. Finally, we need to restart enable the new kernel to take effect.
2. ISDN4K-UTILS-3.1BETA7_MINI-1.I386.rpm
This is a package that supports built-in ISDN. After installation, the system will identify our built-in card. Of course, in order to achieve dial, we also need to write a dial script and the corresponding hanging script, which is ISDnon and ISDNSTOP.
3. Isdnon
Example:
#! / bin / sh
Echo -n e> / dev / ttys1
MODPROBE HISAX TYPE = 36 Protocol = 2
Echo 1> / proc / sys / net / ipv4 / ip_dynaddr
#Kill previous ipppd process
IF [-r /var/run/ipppd.ipppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp0.pid
THEN KILL -9 `CAT / VAR / RUN / ipppd.ipppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppter
Fi
IF [-r /var/run/ippppd.ippp1.pid]
Then Kill -9 `cat / var / run / ipppd.ippp1.pid`
Fi
#Variables
Myip = 0.0.0.0
REMIP = 0.0.0.0
Mymsn = 62986638
REMMSN = 169
Myuser = 169
REMNAME = 169
#Init
/ sbin / isdnctrl verbose 3
# / sbin / isdnlog -ss -v1 -m0x17d7 -l0x3d7 -c / dev / console -d / dev / isdnctrl # add and set ippp0
/ sbin / isdnctrl system on
/ sbin / isdnctrl addIf ippp0
/ SBIN / ISDNCTRL EAZ IPPP0 $ MyMSN
/ SBIN / ISDNCTRL Addphone ippp0 Out $ REMMSN
/ sbin / isdnctrl huptimeout ippp0 3600
/ sbin / isdnctrl L2_PROT IPPP0 HDLC
/ sbin / isdnctrl L3_PROT IPPP0 TRANS
/ SBIN / ISDNCTRL ENCAP IPPP0 SYNCPP
/ sbin / isdnctrl Dialmode ippp0 auto
#Add and set ippp1
/ sbin / isdnctrl addslave ippp0 ippp1
/ SBIN / ISDNCTRL EAZ IPPP1 $ MyMSN
/ SBIN / ISDNCTRL Addphone ippp1 Out $ REMMSN
/ SBIN / ISDNCTRL HUPTIMEOUT IPPP1 3600
/ sbin / isdnctrl L2_PROT IPPP1 HDLC
/ sbin / isdnctrl l3_prot ippp1 trans
/ SBIN / ISDNCTRL ENCAP ippp1 syncppp
/ sbin / isdnctrl Dialmode ippp1 auto
/ sbin / ifconfig ippp0 -arp -Broadcast
#Startup PPP
/ sbin / ipppd user $ myUser Remotename $ Remname
LOCK
NOIPDEFAULT
MP
IPCP-ACCEPT-LOCAL
IPCP-ACCEPT-REMOTE
Name $ myuser
-detach
MRU 552
MTU 552
LCP-RESTART 1
DefaultRoute
/ DEV / IPPP0 &
/ sbin / ipppd user $ myUser Remotename $ Remname
LOCK
NOIPDEFAULT
MP
IPCP-ACCEPT-LOCAL
IPCP-ACCEPT-REMOTE
Name $ myuser
-detach
MRU 552
MTU 552
LCP-RESTART 1
DefaultRoute
/ DEV / IPPP1 &
4. ISDNSTOP
Example:
#! / bin / sh
Echo -n g> / dev / ttys1
Ifconfig ippp0 down> / dev / null 2> & 1
ISDNCTRL DELIF IPPPP0> / DEV / NULL 2> & 1
KILLALL -9 ipppd> / dev / null 2> & 1
Sleep 2
Echo -n h> / dev / ttys1
& 7.2.2 Test and Management Measures
1. Administrators monitor the operating conditions of built-in ISDN by executing / sbin / imon
2. Administrators can perform / usr / sbin / ipppstats to monitor the traffic of the built-in ISDN
& 7.3 external ISDN
& 7.3.1 Description
Since the latest kernel 2.4.2 does not support the USB interface ISDN. Therefore, the external ISDN we mentioned here refers to the serial port.
There are many kinds of methods for installing serial port ISDN. The author feels like itself from its own practice. It is more convenient to use the ISDN as modem. This does not need to install the remaining RPM packets, but do not set up DNS, so the ISDN of the external serial port is simply And practical.
& 7.3.2 Configuration
1. (Etc/ppp/Indndial
Description: Source file:
"" ATZ # initialization equipment
OK ATX0 # automatic test connection rate
OK at% B8 # connected at 115200
OK ATB31 # Multi-link connection (dual channel)
OK ATD169 # Dial
2./etc/ppp/options
Description:
Source file: (with modem)
Demand
Modem
LOCK
CRTSCTS
DefaultRoute
AsyncMap 0
IPCP-ACCEPT-LOCAL
IPCP-ACCEPT-REMOTE
IPCP-MAX-Configure 5
IPCP-RESTART 1
MTU 552
MRU 552
Name 169
UsepeerDNS
3./etc/ppp/pap-secrets
Description:
Source file: (with modem)
169 * 169
4./root/dial
Description:
Source File:
KILLALL -9 PPPD
/ usr / sbin / pppd -d / dev / ttys0 115200 connect "/ usr / sbin / chat -t 3 -V -V -F / etc / ppp / isdndial"
& 7.4 Small knot
ISDN has more and more applications in China, which increases much more than the bandwidth of telephone line dial-up, and small and medium-sized enterprises are very suitable for sharing Internet access.
There are many kinds of equipment used in ISDN Internet. There are no manufacturers to state support Linux, but Linux can support most ISDN devices.
ISDN Internet access is similar to our common modem dial-up. Under Linux, the ISDN card can even be patterned into a Modem device, and the difference is ISDN to use synchronous PPP (Synchronous PPP), while Modem dials generally use asynchronous PPP (Anonymous PPP). For these two dial, post office or ISP uses different access devices.
Although ISDN can simulate the dial of the asynchronous mode, it is generally only used to test whether the ISDN card is operating normally, which is usually used to use synchronous PPP dial mode when Internet access.
