Section 3 What is ERP
Recognized as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a Gartner Group in early 1990 proposed, Gartner Group IT glossary definition of ERP is: Gartner Group's IT Glossary - Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) A concept developed by Gartner Group describing the next generation of manufacturing business systems and manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) software. It will include the client / server architecture, use graphical user interfaces and be crafted with open systems. Beyond the standard functionality that is offered, other features are included, eg, quality, process operations management, and regulatory reporting. in addition, the base technology used in ERP will give users both software and hardware independence as well as an easy upgrade path. Key to ERP is the way in which users can tailor the application so it is intrinsically easy TO USE. A concept developed by Gartner Group describes the next generation of commercial systems and manufacturing resource programs (MRP II) software. It will include a client / service architecture, using a graphical user interface, an open system production. In addition to existing standard features, it also includes other features, such as quality, process operation management, and adjustment reports. In particular, the basic technology used by ERP will be easier to upgrade the independence of both user software and hardware. The key to ERP is that all users can crop their applications and have natural ease of use. Gartner Group proposes that the functional standard with ERP should include four aspects: 1. Beyond the MRPI range of integrated features include quality management; laboratory management; process job management; formula management; product data management; maintenance management; control reports and warehouse management. 2. Manufacturing environments that support the mixing method include both a manufacturing environment that supports discrete and supports processes; in accordance with the ability of the Object-oriented business model combines business processes and international applications. 3. Support the ability to monitor the ability to improve business performance, including control and engineering methods across the enterprise; simulation function; decision support and graphical capabilities for production and analysis. 4. Supported open client / server computing environments include client / server architecture; graphical user interface (GUI); computer-aided design engineering (case), object-oriented technology; use SQL relational database query; internal integrated engineering system , Business System, Data Acquisition and External Integration (EDI). ERP is the transcendence of MRPI, from essentially, ERP is still MRPI, but in terms of function and technology, it exceeds traditional MRPII, which is driven by customers, time-based, facing the entire supply chain management Enterprise Resource Planning.
I. The core management of the ERP system is the core management idea of ERP is to achieve effective management of the entire supply chain, mainly reflected in the following three aspects: 1. Reflecting the idea of managing the entire supply chain resources in the ICRC The resources cannot be effectively involved in market competition, but also to include related parties such as suppliers, manufacturing factories, distribution networks, customers, etc., in order to effectively arrange the production, supply, supply, Increase activities to meet the needs of all market resources in all societies to quickly and efficiently carry out efficiency and achieve competitive advantage in the market. In other words, modern enterprise competition is not competition between single enterprises and a single business, but a competition between enterprise supply chains and another corporate supply chain. The ERP system implements the management of the entire enterprise supply chain, adapting to the needs of enterprises in the market competition in the "Knowledge Economic Times. 2. Reflecting Lean Production, Synchronous Engineering and Agile Manufacturing IRP System Support for the management of hybrid production methods, its management thinking is in two aspects: one is the idea of "Lean Production", it is A business strategy system proposed by the US MIT (MIT). That is, the company is organized by mass production, including customers, sales agents, suppliers, collaboration units into the production system, and the company's relationship with their sales agents, customers and suppliers, is no longer simple to be a business relationship. It is a partnership share of interest sharing, which has formed a company's supply chain, which is the core idea of lean production. The second is the idea of "agile manufacturing". When the market changes, when companies have specific market and product demand, enterprises's basic partners do not necessarily meet the requirements of new product development and production. At this time, the company will organize a short term composed of specific suppliers and sales channels. Or disposable supply chain, form a "virtual factory", regard the supply and collaboration units as an integral part of the enterprise, using the "Synchronous Project (SE)", organized production, use the shortest time to enter the market, always Keep the product's high quality, diversification, and flexibility, this is the core idea of "agile manufacturing". 3, the planning system in the ideological ERP system embodying the prior plan and things mainly includes: the main production plan, material demand plan, capacity plan, procurement plan, sales implementation plan, profit plan, financial budget and human resources plan, etc. These program features and value control functions are fully integrated into the entire supply chain system. On the other hand, the ERP system automatically generates accounting records while transaction processing, and ensures synchronous records and data synchronous records and data of fund flow and logistics while transmitting transaction processing. . Thus, according to the status quo of financial funding, the discharge of the dragon, and further trace the relevant business activities that have occurred, and the funding information is lagging behind the material information, which is easy to implement control and real-time decision making. In addition, the plan, transaction, control, and decision-making functions are implemented in the entire supply chain business processing process, requiring maximizing the work potential and responsibility of each person during each process business process, between processes and processes It emphasizes the spirit of cooperation between people to give full play to each subjectivity and potential in organic organizations. Implementing enterprise management from the "towering" organizational structure to the "flat" organization, improve the response speed of enterprises to market dynamic changes. In summary, with the rapid development and application of IT technology, the ERP system can turn many advanced management ideas into computer software systems that can be implemented in reality. Second, the relationship between application ERP and enterprises ERP is a new management model to transform the old management model of the original enterprise, and is an advanced, effective management idea and method.
In actual promotion applications, ERP software is not in place. The effect of most companies is not significant, and there is no extensive attention to the vibration of corporate decision makers. 1. Implementing ERP is a comprehensive change in corporate management, the leadership of the enterprise should be first educated, and the second is the implementation of modern management theory and the implementation of enterprise management and related links, making it a leader, management and employee. Conscious action makes modern management awareness into the enterprise and has become part of the corporate culture. Foreign enterprises implement ERP seems to have no rooms, and the whole is accepted and conscious. In fact, running companies doing this is the meaning of the sky, and we have to wait for the improvement of thought, the concept is updated, sometimes to avoid the sharpness, move the storm, and push each other. If we don't firmly say goodbye to these bad habits, this all-round change will repeated, and even die. 2. The corporate management team must have a consensus to go to the eyes, practicing the internal work, doing the basic work of management, this is any good application software and software providers unable to provide it, can only rely on their own diligence. The implementation of ERP is called "First Hand Engineering", which shows the special role of the company's policy makers in the ERP implementation process. ERP is a management system that affects the global, there is no participation and authorization of the first handle, it is difficult to mobate. 3. ERP investment is a system engineering ERP input and output and output comparison between other fixed asset equipment. It is not so intuitive, light and clear, and it is impossible to return it immediately, see benefits. ERP investment is a systematic project, which is not immediate, it is mainly to manage ideas, which is a red line in business management. It works for a long time, innovative benefits, and continuously deepening the management of management. In addition, implementing ERP should also be subject to local conditions, and the specific problem is specifically analyzed due to business. First, in accordance with the specific needs of the enterprise, not the small machine, or the WINDOWSNT is not in the scale of the company, so long-term operation, it is extremely harmful to the enterprise. Second, this kind of investment is not for all, due to the development of technology, with the in-depth work, the company will become more and more resources, so there should be corresponding investment every year to ensure the health of the system healthily. 4. ERP's implementation requires composite talents to understand computer technology and learn from management. The current colleges and universities have far from the cultivation of composite talents. The cultivation of composite talents requires a process and a certain time, but the corporate leader often treats such a lot of talents as a general manager, and she didn't treat them as a business that is not easy to come. It is an important team. . This is related to long-term neglecting management, which is far from the market in the enterprise, but the "auxiliary" role is not a policy tilting object, which is an important reason for the loss of talent. In addition, when enterprises in ERP, these composite talents play a pilot role, and once managed into routines, they seem to be extra people, this has become an inevitable law. In the talent market, the composite talents are most active, those entrepreneurs who have eye will dig talents, and this is not conducive to the implementation of the team. In short, the enterprises that have the conditions must be on the ERP management system in the event, and they cannot only improve the theoretical research, and then study, and spend a long time. To first organize internal management basic data, select or develop ERP software that suits your company, the conditions are mature.
Third, the risk of ERP and its prevention enterprises have no matter how superior, no matter how full, the risk of implementation is still present. Among the implementation cycles of the ERP system, various influencing factors may change at any time. How to effectively manage and control risks is one of the important links to ensure the success of the ERP system. The risk of ERP projects typically people generally focus on the analysis of many factors in the implementation process, and often neglect the potential risks of the project before and implementation of the ERP system. For ERP projects, risk exists in the entire process of the project, including project planning, project pre-care, implementation processes, and system operation. Incident, the risk of ERP projects has the following aspects: 1. There is a lack of planning or planning; The results did not meet the standard; 4. The design process lacks effective control links; 5. Implementation results are not evaluated or evaluated; 6. The system security design is imperfect, there is a hidden danger of the system being illegally invaded; Complete, it is easy to cause the system to crash. 1. Is there a five-year IT system plan for strategic planning companies? With the information of society, IT systems are not only tools for companies, but also technical means. ERP acts as an important part of the IT system, serving the long-term planning of the enterprise, is a long-term planning means and guarantee. ERP's goal is derived from IT system planning, which is the basic criterion for evaluating the success or failure of ERP system, which should clarify the implementation range and implementation of the ERP system according to IT system planning. 2. Project pre-sub-preparations determine hardware and network programs, select ERP systems and evaluate consulting partners is the three main tasks of this phase, and the three elements implemented by ERP systems. Hardware and network solutions directly affect the performance, operational reliability and stability of the operation; the strength of the ERP system function is determined to meet the needs of enterprise needs; the work ability and experience of consulting partners and the implementation of the implementation process. 3. Project Implementation Control In the ERP system implementation, project management technology is usually controlled and managed. Effective implementation control is expressed in scientific implementation plans, clear stages, and strict results review. Not only that, but effective control is also manifested in active coordination and smooth information delivery channels. Organizational organizations implementing ERP include: Instructors, project managers, external consultants, IT departments, functional departments, and end users of the functional department. Coordination and communication between the sectors determine the work quality and work efficiency of the implementation process. At present, this risk is particularly obvious and serious under the conditions of the lack of appropriate project managers. 4. Business Process Control Enterprise Business Process Restructuring is done in the design phase of the project implementation. The control and supervision of the process guarantees that after the official operation, the various services are effective in control, avoiding people from people to people. When designing control links, it is necessary to take care of control and efficiency. Excessive control links and business process redundancy will now reduce productivity. And the control link will have the risk of business out of control. 5. Project Implementation Effect While Project Evaluation is the last link of ERP implementation process. But this does not mean that the project assessment is not important. Instead, the results of the project assessment are the direct reflection of the ERP implementation effect. Correctly evaluate the implementation results, inseparable from clear implementation goals, objective evaluation criteria and scientific evaluation methods. There is currently a problem that neglect project assessment. Ignore the project assessment will bring the hidden dangers that the implementation team does not care about implementation. This is the huge risk of ERP projects. 6. System security management system security includes: operating system authorization, network device permission, application system function permission, data access, virus prevention, illegal intrusion supervision, data change tracking, data security backup and archive, host room security management Regulatory, system administrator supervision, and so on. At present, there are fewer personnel who are proficient in computer technology in the enterprise, and there are not many computers accessing the Internet.
