Grid calculates everything
I missed the first bus started by the traditional Internet, lost the best opportunity for the development of the World Wide Web, and today, we face the new opportunities of grid computing, what is the Chinese science and technology world? On April 4th, 5th, the "Grid Strategic Seminar" hosted by the Ministry of Science and Technology was held in Beijing, and the experts of the participating meeting, users of all walks of life have tried their own voice ... If a old small plan to go to Jiuzhaigou Play, there are many preparations to do in advance, including traffic, attractions, weather conditions, schedules, accommodation conditions, etc. If the preparation is not careful enough, there is an unexpected situation, so that a long time carefully planned tourism may "bubble". If the grid is a reality, all the preparations have become a hand, open their own intelligent terminal, put forward their own needs, because the grid can connect the above-mentioned services, form a service grid, all all information And planning arrangements will immediately render in front of the eye, one-stop service can almost solve all puzzles. Users only need to deliver enough service fees, you can enjoy the benefits of grid technology. This is an idea of future people. In other words, for a long time, the grid in people's eyes is still high in future technology, and the grid concept is far from being integrated into real life. On April 4th, 5th, the "Grid Strategic Seminar" hosted by the Ministry of Science and Technology, we feel the other side of the grid. In a warm atmosphere, the distant "Jiuzhaigou Grid" walked down the cloud, and the mesh became the application "hot" in the field of industry. No wonder, the academician of Li Guojie, director of the Calculation Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also said: "This is an application". Different from the past, the seminar hosted by the Ministry of Science and Technology first invited dozens of applications from all walks of life, introducing the application of grid technology in our field, and future demand for grid technology in the future. The speech of these applications experts have made the whole venue to reach the climax. The host continues to receive more applications experts, I hope to get the opportunity to speaking, share my experience in the grid technology application process, success. Factors and the next technical needs. The application promotes the speech of many applications in the grid, pulling the grid from the high-profile level to people, so that everyone has a more sensible understanding of the application of mesh technology. Dr. Wang Jian, Huada Genetic Research Center, said that in terms of biomedical, grid technology mainly has the following two effects: First, in terms of high performance calculations, mesh technology is used to calculate the scientific data. When analyzing rice genes, it is expected to be 30,000 hours with multiple computers. With the help of mesh technology, it can be done with the help of mesh technology. The reason why the China University Genetic Research Center can achieve the final research results. The world's colleagues have helped it, and the grid has helped. Second, biotechnology has a considerable requirement for data storage and management, and mesh technology is very busy here. Wang Jian said that biological data is very complex, including information on various aspects of the object itself, cell, chromosome, DNA, a cycle of cells, and is more and the type of tards. In this way, the integration of the database is a key issue. For example, when studying the protein structure of rice, the database, protein database, gene expression database and protein interactions may be used in this case, in which case mesh technology can be needed in a short period of time. The data is fully integrated from different databases, saving many access to different databases. International has some successful grid applications, the most important piece in Europe, the largest mesh system is a biological grid. Not long ago, the database has been released, from 21 countries, more than 20,000 users have been downloaded from the present two months. The important role of grid technology in the field of biomedicine can be seen.
In addition to successful examples, some experts in the application are also specially proposed to the demand for grid technology. For example, Cui De, deputy director of the Science and Technology Commission of the Second Group Corporation of China Aviation Industry, said that it is now mainly troubled by two problems. The first is the trouble of massive calculation. When the aircraft is designed on the computer, all parts, including the smallest screws are three-dimensional, so that the last aircraft model, the amount of data will reach 2GB to 5GB. When pre-installed on the computer, such a large amount of data is quite complicated. Sometimes, as long as the plane is changed, the computer will spend three five minutes. If you can use grid technology to solve the difficulty of massage the mass calculation, you will make the entire design speed plus several times, allowing the development of the aviation industry to cross a big step. Next is a problem with computer utilization. Many companies have a huge investment in information technology every year, but still cannot meet the needs of work. In design units, 300 sets of 500 computers are generally needed, but at the peak period, even if the 500 computers are far less than; and once the design ends, a large number of computers are idle. In fact, we still use network technology, not grid technology, and do not achieve sharing of resource levels, only information transmission. Therefore, everyone is taking place for mesh. Dr. Xu Zhiwei, deputy director of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, summarizes the speeches of experts in various applications. We are using mesh technology? I think that for companies, the grid system is actually not far away. It has a quite solid technical foundation. Now there are a number of resources in the mesh system, according to the past experience, Many domestic industries have a practical demand for grids, so scientific research has a certain work basis. It is relatively simple research institution in Biological and National Observatory, "he expects, in the last two or three years, You can see more grid technology applications. In addition, Xu Zhiwei also puts forward another view: Re-consider the client and server of the entire grid, regard the entire server as a whole, consisting of resources shared by the benefit. For example, resource is distributed in four places in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu. In such an overall grid, the server includes a server, a high-performance computer, including a bionic system, a bionics, and a high-level device that connects to the above-mentioned high-level equipment, including the virtual observatory and the national observatory; In terms of data and information, including a wide variety of land and resource information, environmental information, labor and social security information, and some information wares and databases including heavy industry, tax, enterprise management. Mobile or fixed devices such as microcomputer or PCs can be used in the client. "Many large users in China have reflected, such a model has a big demand in the market." At present, the application of domestic grid technology presents two features: First, there are many industries in China's markets already using grid. Related applications and technologies, only no use of grid calculations, this grid technology is summarized according to the information experience in the past ten years; secondly, like our manufacturing network virtual manufacturing environment, One-stop service in e-government and e-commerce, etc., these things, with the grid's thoughts, only use different nouns, which are also summed up from their respective actual needs. Therefore, the application of the grid is actually by our side. In this regard, Li Guojie, director of the Calculation Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also said that the grid calculation must be combined with practical applications.
He said: "I am often a 50-year-old major board, but the research institute may have more responsibility for the research and practical phase separation. During this time, the 863 programs have been in the enterprise There is no big role in it. This is a matter of sadness. "So," There is, "With the grid strategy, the 863 plan must plan in a more real application, understand clear What are the demand for grid services now, and the application promotes the development of technology. He pointed out that the 863 plan is not to create a supercomputer for everyone to use, but to "manufacturing an environment", let the research institute's research on the development of demand. This is also the original intention of this conference invited many applications experts to speaking. The impact is everywhere in addition to the grid strategy, the impact of the mesh calculation is another highlight of this conference. For the meanings of grid computing, the seminar host said in the opening of the words: "Some people will ask, the grid is a kind of thought, or a concept? Is it a way to solve the problem, or a solution? Is one New technology, or a type of product? I think the answer is affirmative. "Carefully analyze the speeches of experts in the application area, can find that in front of the grid strategy, people's thinking model and application model have changed. According to the application mode division, the grid calculation can be divided into many different types. Xu Zhiwei said that in two types of computing grids and data grids, domestic research work has begun to be more early, and many areas have application needs and actual cases, networked, regionalization and bionic, pharmaceuticals from aerospace. The study of the class, the high-level application of the National Observatory, with the computing grid and data grid contact close, manufacturing, construction, scientific research and biological information, etc., mesh technology in these areas It may be earlier; on the level of information grid and knowledge grid, this conference also invited applications including enterprise information systems, e-government and digital libraries, and sharing the practical application of grid technology. And prospects, the grid computing of this level is mainly involved in business operations and corporate information. From the perspective of the manufacturing, grid technology puts forward new requirements for how to apply, need new thinking models: First, enhance interoperability, that is, domestic information companies use the global production system, parallel to develop new products To adapt to the needs of the market. This kind of dynamic alliance can connect to the next-generation Internet, establish a global network information system, so that it is convenient and quick to obtain the required technology. Second, enrich the interactive model in web services. Extend the web services to a wider commercial application by providing the various interaction models that companies need to extends. Third, improve the product collaborative service, enterprise calculation mode to integrate, multi-level distribution system, realize the dynamic practice of all kinds of service components cross-regional and cross-enterprises. In the study of bionic technology, the grid can also bring the revolution on the application mode. With mesh technology, you can provide a practical, functional detailed bionic system to copy bionic tools, bionic application systems, which require a bionic development platform, during development, there is a bionics and a collaborative bionics team . From this perspective, the emergence of mesh technology has enabled the study of the study of the entire bionic technology to find new, faster ways. For the network construction of labor security, grid technology has made many people have changed their previous ideas. Hu Weiwei, Director of the Labor Market Office of the Ministry of Labor Security, pointed out that the original system of the labor security department, is difficult to adapt to policy adjustments, and the most fundamental question is that the cost of software maintenance is too large.
Unlike most industries, the state's policy in insurance is always in a state of adjustment, which requires software to constantly keep up, so that the old software is basically lost, resulting in a large number of investment "打 水 水" And the cost of updating software is getting higher and higher, "Always throw away old buy new, so that we have to consider another application mode." Hu Weiwei said that mesh technology is the best way to solve this problem, and now the Ministry of Labor Security is discussing solutions with relevant experts. Professor Lin Zongjian, Dean of China Surveying and Mapping Research Institute, proposed the "Digital Earth" concept, in fact, grid technology's impact on people's thinking model. He explained that "Digital Earth" is to describe everything related to geographic locations on earth, describe rich resources in the form of numbers, and serve the whole society. The grid information processing framework is the key to implementing "Digital Earth". He said that people now have a lot of improvements, no matter from the air, the ground or underwater, the sensing means has progress. How to deal with data becomes a problem while more and more data is increasing. A large amount of data requires quick processing to get applications, and it is most likely to avoid errors from observing methods, using instruments and environmental differences. During the key data becomes a key mode, there is a large number of rapid calculations, and the technical workload is quite large. In this case, grid technology becomes the best tool for achieving this new way of thinking. In response to the application of grid in railway operation, Li Yucai, the Ministry of Railways Electronic Computer Center, pointed out that through the development of mesh technology, the Ministry of Railways saw the future development opportunity. He said that the construction technology construction of the railway is a huge information engineering, which involves both the railway, only cooperation, to ensure the normal operation of the train. With the development of grid technology, the functions and functions of the integrated network and service network in the railway network will be fully improved, and the entire system will make adjustments, and the backbone network and the underlying network are separated. In this way, all services can be placed on the backbone network in addition to important databases. When a request or query requests or query, the network will automatically process the data, install the information to the node logged in, so that the railway service is more complete. At present, the content on the Internet grows rapidly every day, and it is impossible to have a single server or search engine to master all resources. Dr. Zhang Xiaodong, the National Science Foundation, said that every year, the Internet will increase the content of 2 × 1018 bytes, but only 3 × 1012 word energy can be used for the public, which is equivalent to 0.00015% of the total, even Google this function. The powerful search engine can only look up 1.3 × 108 bytes. After the grid technology is fully applied, it can greatly improve the resources of the Internet. Grid technology can bring so many changes, what kind of technical characteristics are it? First, the grid can provide resource sharing, which eliminates information from the island to implement the interconnection of the application. Unlike computer networks, computer networks implemented a hardware communication, while grids enable connectivity. Second, the second characteristics of the grid are collaborative work, and many grid nodes can process a project. Third, the grid is based on international open technical standards, which is different from the software products launched by many industries, departments or companies. Finally, the grid can provide a dynamic service and can adapt to changes. The standard creation opportunities have missed the two waves of participating in the Internet, which is the timing of Internet and Web, my country's computer industry is in general in Western countries. At present, the International Science and Technology Community is brewing the third wave - grid, this is an unpleasant opportunity.
Xu Zhiwei pointed out that according to the history of Internet and web development, the important technical standards of the grid may appear in 2004-2005, and this technology will lead the development trend of information technology in 2004 to 2020. There is no standard, it is difficult to compete, but my country is far behind Western countries in the formulation of technical standard documents. Xu Zhiwei pointed out that 3180 Technical Standard Documents (RFC) occurred in 32 years of development in the Internet. my country's science and technology community only participated in the development of technical standard documents, that is, March 1996 (the first standard for the Internet 27 years, TCP / IP protocol has been developed after 22 years), and the Chinese character encoding standard of Hu Daoli led by POP ( RFC 1922). The World Wide Web (Web) has also been in recent years, and 46 technical standards have occurred, and my country's participation in the technical standard is still there. Xu Zhiwei said: "We don't want to see that in 2005 or 2010, there is still no participation in my country's science and technology community in the international science and technology community." Facing the upcoming third-generation Internet application wave Many developed countries have invested a lot of research funds, hoping to seize the opportunity and master future fate. The "Global Information Grid" and the UK's "British National Grid" in the United States are all ambitious grid strategies. my country is also in strengthening the investment in grid research. According to people from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology will support mesh research and application during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for "Tenth Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Science and Technology. Will be established in the near future. Three trends in the Internet
The first research prototype 1969.10.1 1980-1989 1998 19790.12 1999 First Standard 1969.4 (IMP) 1974.5 (TCP / IP) 1994.6 (URI 1996.5 (HTTP) has not yet now standard total standards 3180 RFC 46 11 working groups 9 research group China Participation Standard 1 (1996.3) 0 No Chinese Academy of Sciences calculates the calculation of its own grid research named "Weaving Square" (VEGA " Grid), the goal of this grid project is to have the following capabilities: large-scale data processing power, high performance computing power, and capabilities with resource sharing and increase resource utilization. Compared with other grid research projects at home and abroad, the biggest feature of "Weaving Grid" is the concept of "Service Grid". There are three main points of the service grid: First, it is a general grid, not just support scientific calculations, but also supports other services, including communication services, data services, information services, computing services, trading services, etc. The service is the basic application mode, that is, the client issues a service request, the grid completes service, and notifies the client; third, the main evaluation criterion of the grid is not simply a traditional indicator such as calculation speed, but similar to A set of user satisfaction or service quality evaluation criteria such as Service Level Agreement. Li Guojie, director of the calculation office of Li Guojie Zhongke, pointed out that the future of grid calculation is that it combines with practical applications, and the national 863 program is working on this plan.
One will not be less regardless of the grid technology research, many IT multinational giants are eager to try, and they have published their own grid programs in studying grid-related commercial products. IBM has announced a $ 4 billion investment plan to establish 40 data centers around the world, forming them into experimental networks to study and develop grid computing. IBM said that the emerging grid computing field is one of the key calculation strategies of the company's new CEO Palmitano. On April 10 this year, HP announced that HP will offer Utility Data Center (UDC), hoping to increase grid calculation in the business application. After connecting UDC and grid, HP can provide more secure, flexible computing environments in both technical computing and commercial calculations, making grid technology application pace faster. SUN has released its enterprise version of the grid engine software shortly, and the SUN has established alliances in the Globus in the distributed calculation field. Japan's NTT Data plans to jointly conduct a three-month grid computing test with Intel and SGI, with 1 million computers including families, enterprises and academic institutions, and their total processing capacity will Some of the fastest supercomputers are 5 times faster. ... The Battle of International IT Giants Take the Grid "Space" has started, in the face of market opportunities with such a huge potential, we believe that the domestic scientific research and enterprises should fully unite, in the world of the network, compete for us day! Noun explains what is grid? Li Guojie, director of the Calculation Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that the grid is the third Internet of Internet in the Internet, which can be called the third generation of Internet applications. The traditional Internet has implemented the computer hardware, the web implements the connection of the web page, and the grid is trying to implement comprehensive communication of all resources on the Internet, including computing resources, storage resources, communication resources, software resources, information resources, knowledge resource, etc. . Simply put, the grid is to integrate the entire Internet into a huge supercomputer to achieve a full sharing of various resources. Of course, the grid does not necessarily want to be so large, or constructive regional mesh, such as Zhongguancun Science Park Grid, Enterprise Internal Grid, LAN Grid, and even home grids and personal grids. The fundamental feature of the grid is not its size, but the resource sharing, eliminating resource is island. The most "orthodox" grid study originated from the US government's high-performance computing research projects funded in the past decade. The goal of this type of research is to integrate multiple high-performance computers, large databases, valuable scientific research equipment (electron microscopy, radar arrays, particle accelerator, astronomical telescope, etc.), communication equipment, visual equipment, and various sensors. A huge supercomputer system supports scientific computing and scientific research. Representative research work in this regard includes NPCI, "National Technology Grid" (NTG), Distributed Tast Calculation Facilities (DTF), ASCI Grid, USA, ASCI Grid, US EU, USA Grid et al. As a new technology, the current researchers are not the same as the key points and content of grid research.
Some people regard the grid as the future Internet technology, called "next generation Internet", "internet2", "next generation Web", etc .; there is a kind of research side focus is intelligent information processing, it is concerned about how to eliminate information Isolated and intelligent sharing of information resources and intellectual resources, common nouns include Semantic Web, Knowledge Management, Knowledge, Intelligent Subject (Agents), Information Grid, Knowledge Grid, integrated intelligent information platform, etc .; research in the business community, most of them use existing Internet / web technology to integrate the resources on the Internet into a super server, effectively provide content services, computing services, storage services, Trading services, Contents Delivery, Service Delivery, Electronic Services, Real-Time Enterprise Computing, Real-Time Enterprise Computing, Real-Time Enterprise Computing, Distributed Calculation, Peer-to-Peer Computing The visual words such as web services (Web Services) belong to this field. The most important thing in the grid related research development work in the business community is the web service. At present, some industry giants have reached a consensus on several underlying standard protocols, including XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, etc. Different from "orthodox" grid research, Web services focus on product development, and its related products are expected to be popular in the market in this year. Expert Interview Grid Bring New Opportunities - Dr. Xu Zhiwei, deputy director of the Interview with the Chinese Academy of Sciences: Grid and the Internet and the Web) relationship? Is it alternative to the Internet and the Web? Xu Zhiwei: First, the grid is based on the Internet and web, and will not replace them. The emergence of the Internet will join a separate computer individual into a network, but it can't share resources for other machines. WEB is rising, connected by web pages, computer can do more things including e-commerce. However, the interconnection of each industry on the application level is far from being implemented, and the computer use is far less convenient to call. The grid will be able to implement interconnection on the application level, that is, interconnection on the user's use level. Second, the grid can achieve comprehensive resource sharing. Third, the grid uses international standards, standardization means that the grid can make the access device like a phone. Reporter: What is the opportunity to bring to IT companies? Xu Zhiwei: First, the calculation platform and technology will change. The current machine and network operate mainly based on Microsoft's operating system, Intel's chip, Cisco's network equipment. The application of the grid will change the computing platform to drive the development of the network interface. This is a new computing platform. Platform use mode changes, the platform also changes, and a large number of new products and various services that use these technologies, including new technology models and business models. Secondly, based on international open standards, we will bring us opportunities for development. Different from previous development, the probability of monopoly is lowered. However, we can't be too optimistic. At present, many foreign companies are preparing to preserve the market opportunities. There may be many levels in the grid, we haven't seen it yet, thinking.
