Wood-to Linux Novice [Series Four]
OK, you have to talk about hard drive. Before talking about this problem, I will tell the concept problem, what is the concept of concept? You still remember the first time, I heard A: disk, B: disk, C disk, how did it? Before that, I might knew that the computer had a place to store data, because I saw the tape drive on TV or advertisement (I have never known why I have been a long time for a long time, one of the tape cases in front of a tape cabinet now It is the tape device of the garbage that will constantly become the default background of the TV table to play computer theme programs) or the image of the hard drive. But without a concept computer uses these devices until you first play DIR A: or open Explorer to see a: C: The word tree. If you still remember the feelings of the time, congratulations, this feeling is back. For the average person, just know what the computer can do, so for them, what is the simpler, the more it doesn't need them to spend time learning, so the computer from the beginning of the earnings to the next keyboard screen Now, now I will develop intelligent interactions in voice. This is very good, let the computer as a tool more focused on their work (of course, they will pay for us - the computer's constructors). It can be said that MS is very good in this regard, no one will deny that Windows is a very "easy" operating system. This means that from the user, you don't need too much to understand the knowledge inside the chassis, or you don't understand as much as possible, you can make your computer as soon as possible. For example, a very complex hard disk is made by it in the middle of the operation. C: D: E: A disk like this, let a secretary that only need typing, can also know how to store the file (of course, there will be stupid Spoken. But this is a problem with the practice of (MS to point everything), it is also obvious: you have no chance, or there is no more opportunity to learn more about a deeper level. And when you only know "C: D: E:" in your brain, you only have the road to walking with Windows. OK, the words retired. Install Linux hard disk partition problem. This problem is said to be a new hand of Linux, and even some people have a certain level, they don't dare to say clearly or mastered (including myself). The hard disk is a very weird, its basic temper is, a little bit is not good, a large piece of data is to be lost, and the throwing is clean. I haven't only seen someone's graduation papers, and there is no backup for hard disk problems before the defense. The installation of Linux is a certain part of the hard disk very underlying, rather than the installation of the program under Win is so secure. So my first suggestion is that if there is important data on the hard disk, it is best not to train Linux. A better way is a machine that is not important, the hard disk can be re-partitioned, install multiple Linux, multi-test, and all the cases in Windows and Linux. This will have an end in my heart. If you really want to install, you must back up important data, remember. Lower talk about Linux concept for hard drives. Just consider the IDE hard drive. A lot of operations for a hard disk. What we need to know is that the hard disk is composed of many 512-bytes of sectors. These sectors are organized into a "partition". These are the same for each operating system, and every operating system is managed by each operating system yourself to manage the partitioned partition. For Windows, it will manage these partitions and manage it according to CDE. LINUX is different. So, a plurality of partitions over a hard disk, installing multiple operating systems such as Windows, Linux, Solaris, etc. are complete.
However, since each operating system is different from the operation of the partition, it can only be installed in the partition without having the operating system to the CDE disk (UMSDoS method is not mentioned). The 0th sector of each hard disk is a special sector, which does not belong to any partition. It is stored two things: the first is a small program, it is running by the computer when starting, this program is typically a startup program with an operating system, which will start an operating system after running. User selects to launch an operating system. Windows's 0 sector launcher is simple, it is to start Windows, so before this, you will not have multiple operating systems to coexist on a hard disk. The startup program belled in Linux allows you to choose which operating system started, it is called Lilo. We will often touch it in the future. 0 sector also stores another important data: partition information. As mentioned earlier, the hard disk is partitioned, so how is it, this information is a 0 sector. The partition rules for the hard disk are this: all sectors of a partition must be continuous, the hard disk can have up to four partitions, which can be four primary partitions or three primary partitions plus an extension partition. The logical partition can be continued in the extension partition. For example, a 10G hard disk, install Windows, with C: D: E: three disks. Then there is such a partition situation: Partition 1: The main partition 4G, formatted to C: disk partition 2: Extended partition 4G extended partitions cannot be formatted, it can only be re-partitioned as logical partition remaining space (can be partitioned Third, four occupations) 2G In the extension partition, establish two logical partitions 2G, formatted to D: E: disk. So what is it in Linux? Note I mentioned that the partition is the same for any operating system, although Linux does not agree with the C D E disk, but these partitions are the same. So Linux is also a partition one, partition second-class. But it is different from the logos and interpretations of these partitions. Under Linux, the hard disk is a device, in fact, what is the device under Linux. For the IDE hard disk, Linux believes that there are four devices, corresponding to the four positions of the IDE. If we install the machine, we know that there are two slots, IDE0, and IDE1 on the motherboard. You can hang two devices, primary discs, and slave on each slot, which can be a hard disk. So how do linux think these devices? In Linux, these devices are indicated by / dev / hdx. The primary disk on the IDE0 is / dev / hda, from the disk is HDB, so that there is a plurality of IDE slots to continue to HDE HDF, etc. In short, each hard drive is connected by Linux, is considered to be a / dev / hdx device. If your machine is the primary disk on the IDE0 slot, it is HDA, if the primary disk on the IDE1 slot is a CD-ROM drive, then it is HDC. FDISK under Windows is a "hard disk 1", "hard disk 2", and FDISK under Linux is operated on / dev / hda, / dev / hdb. This is very flexible, it is very intuitive, isn't it? So how do you see partition under Linux? The partition concept under Linux is that each partition on the hard disk is also a device (come back). Their flags are / dev / hdxy, where HDX roots represent which hard drive, Y represents the first partition. Take HDA as an example. HDA1 is the first partition, and HDA4 is the fourth zone location. The logical partition begins with HDA5.
So just now, Linux seems to have 10g of HDA. HDA1 is the primary partition, format is Windows. HDA2 is an extension partition, which draws HDA5 and HDA6 on it, and the format is Windows. HDA has 2G remaining spaces to continue to establish HDA3 and HDA4. Note Because the HDA2 space has been divided, the logical partition cannot be established. The things of these hard drives are easily confused, and it is recommended to practice more. It can be referred to some relevant books, and the early DOS books have been told in the installation section. There are also a lot of Linux installation sections. There are also some introduction information on the Internet. Understand the processing of Linux to the partition. It is a partition strategy. Start with RH6.2 CD, a futile to select the default settings will go to a partition interface. Here you need to tell the Linux installer where Linux is installed on the hard disk. You need to tell it some information, including, build a new Linux partition, how big, where MOUNT is. Here you need to introduce the concept of mount. We know that the hard disk can be divided into many partitions, each partition is formatted by each operating system and then can be used. But there must be a way to use. Windows, or DOS practice is to format the partition (or mount) into C: D: E: disc. The assignment of the drive is determined by the operating system (can be specified after NT). How to use it in a partition under Linux must specify yourself. The underlying partition in Linux does not assign according to C: D: E, but a mount to a directory. The storage space structure of the entire UNIX is a directory tree (instead of each C: D: E: each has its own directory tree). The last layer is the root directory (with / indication, notice that the backstlash of Windows) has other records under the low. First, you need to have a partition mount into /, then build another directory below and put the partition mount to these directories. So a whole to see a UNIX storage system is a directory tree, but it can include many partitions, even other storage devices, such as optical drives, memory discs, or network disks. In addition to / there are several directorys in Linux, we need to know that / usr, / home is / root. No matter what they do, in general, we need to divide a space, specify it for the Linux native type, then Mount Point is one of these directories. In addition, it is also necessary to note that there are two types of Linux partitions. Native is the kind of that can store files to establish a directory. There is a Linux Swap. This is a Linux memory switch partition. You must specify one when installing RH. So at least one zone, type Linux native, mount, and then a partition type Linux swap, then a partition type Linux Swap, Swap District does not manually processes it separately. It is a partition size problem. It is also a matter of 1G space in the installation of Linux. It is a 2G partition Mount Point for the first installation. Then a swap. The size of SWAP is as big as the memory, the maximum 128m. It can be used to establish other partitions to Mount, such as / home, based on your own requirements for your hard drive. For machines that have already installed Windows, you can delete a Windows partition in the Linux installer. Generally, it is a logical partition (you don't want to delete C: disc), then build Linux partitions in its space. Linux / can be the primary partition can be a logical partition.
