Linux Network Administrator Manual (17)
2000-07-31 15:59
Publisher: NetBull Readings: 1011 Translation: Zhao Wei gohigh@shtdu.edu.cn Chapter 17 C News One of the very popular packages for network news is C News. It is designed to deliver news on the UUCP link. This chapter will discuss the central idea of C News, as well as basic installation and maintenance tasks. C News Profiles are stored in / usr / lib / news, and the vast majority of its execution files are in the / usr / lib / news / bin directory. The article is placed under / var / spool / news. In fact, you should make sure that all files in these catalogs belong to User News, Group NEWS. Many issues are not accessible from C News. Use su before any files you touch to become News users - let this become your operation. Only exceptions are setnewsids for setting up the true user ID of some News programs. It must be owned by root and must have setuid bit settings. Below, we describe all profiles of C News in detail, and explain what to do to run your site. 17.1 Delivery News Articles can be fed to C News. When a local user has mail an article, the news reader usually passes the article to the inews command to establish title information. The news from the remote site is sent to the RNEWS command whether it is a single article or the entire batch file. This command stores them in the /var/spool/newsin.coming directory, and newsRun will select the file from it later. However, regardless of which of these two technologies, the article will eventually be sent to the relaynews command. For each article, by querying the message ID in the histroy file, the relaynews command first checks if the article is already on the local site. Repeated article will be abandoned. Then, RelayNews observes the newsgroups: Title Row to identify if the local site has requested the article to any of these groups. If yes and the newsgroup is listed in the Active file, RelayNews will try to store this article into the corresponding directory in the News SpoOL region. If this directory does not exist, it is created. At this point, the message ID of this article will be recorded in the History file. Otherwise, relaynews will abandon this article. This article will be moved into the JUNK group when there is not column not listed in your Active file due to the group you want to be delivered. [1] relaynews also detects the article of the outdated or filling date and rejects them. Any inbound batch article that failed due to any other reason will be moved into /var/spool/news/in.coming/bad and record an error message in the log file. Thereafter, using each site-specific transmission mode, the article will be relayed to all other sites that request News from these groups. To ensure that the article is not sent to the site you have already seen this article, each destination site will check the PATH: Title field of the article, which contains the list of sites that have been passed so far, is written in the form of BANG Path . C News is generally used in relaying NEWS between the UUCP site, although it can be used in the NNTP environment. To deliver News to remote UUCP sites - such as a single article or overall batch -UUX is used to execute the RNEWS command on the remote site, and feed the article or batch file on the standard input to it. When a batch of batch is turned on for a designated site, c news will not immediately send any inbound articles, but add the path name of the article to a file, usually out.going / site / TOGO. Periodically, crontab will execute a batch program, [2] This program puts the article in one or more files, and selects them to compress them and send them to the RNEWS of the remote site.
Figure 17.1 shows News flowing through RelayNews. The article can be forwarded to the local site (represented by me), through email to a site named Pronderosa, or to an named MORIA site that opens batch. Figure 17.1 NEWS flowing through RelayNews. 17.2 Installation To install C News, if you haven't unconfigured compression, first unlock files to the appropriate place and edit the configuration files listed below. They are all in / usr / lib / news. Their format will be described in the following sections. SYS usually you must modify the ME row you describe your system, although it is always safe to use All / ALL. You also need to add a line configuration for each site you want to feed. If you are a page site, you only need to add a line to send all the local articles to your feeder configuration information. Suppose your feeding is Moria, then your SYS file looks like this: me: all / all :: Moria / Moria.orcnet.org: all / all,! Local: f: Organization's name . For example, "Virtual Brewery, Inc.". On your own machine, enter "Private Site", or any information you like. If you don't define this file, many people will not call your site. NewsGroups mailname Your site's mail name, for example, vbrew.com. Wohoami is used for your site name for News. UUCP site names are often used, such as VBrew. ExpliST usually edits this file to reflect the expiration time of certain newsgroups. In order to establish an initial newsgroup hierarchy, get Active and NewsGroups two files from the letter to you, and install these two files into / usr / lib / news, make sure they have news and have mode 644. Remove all to. * Groups from the Active file and join To.Mysite and To.FeedSite, and Junk and Control. To. * Group is usually used to exchange IHAVE / SendMe messages, but no matter whether you plan to use IHAVE / SendMe, you should build them. Next, use the following command to replace the number of all articles in the second and third fields of Active. # CP Active Active.old # SED 'S / [0-9] * [0-9] * / 0000000000 00001 /' Active.old> Active # rm Active.old The second command is the call to SED (1) It is one of my favorite un * x commands. This call replaces two numeric strings to a full zero string and string 00001. Finally, establish a news outline directory and subdirectory for inbound and outbound news: # cd / var / spool # mkdir news news / in.coming news / out.going # chown -r news.news news # chmod -R 755 news If you are using a C News's latest release, you must also create an Out.Master directory in the News Spool Directory. If you are using a different NewReaders publishing program in C News that is not already running, you may find that some NewsReaders expect NEWS Spool in / usr / spool / news instead of / var / spool / news. If your newsReader seems to find any article, create a symbolic link to / var / spool / news from / usr / spool / news. Now you are ready to receive news.
Note that in addition to the directory shown above, you don't need any other directory, because each time C news receives a copy of the spool directory from a group, it will create this directory. In particular, all groups that the article is delivered by the article will happen. So, for a while, you will find that your news spool directory is messy from the directory of the newsgroup without subscription, like Alt.lang.Teco, etc. You can avoid this situation by removing all unwanted groups from Active or running a shell script periodically. This shell script will delete all empty directories under / var / spool / news (of course, except out.going and in.coming). C News requires a user to send it an error message and status report. By default, this user is usenet. If you use this default user, you must set an alias for it, which will transfer all your messages to one or more personals. (Chapter 14 and 15 explain how SMAIL and Sendmail do). You can also overwrite this feature by setting environment variables NewsMarster to an appropriate name. In the crontab file of News, and every time you call a management tool, you must do this, so set an alias is usually easier. When you edit the / etc / passwd, be sure that each user has her true name in the PW_GECOS field of the password file (this is the fourth field). This is the network etiquette of UseNet, and the real name of the sender must appear in the from: field of the article. Of course, you should do this when you use the email. 17.3 The SYS file is located in / usr / lib / news to control the hierarchy of you receive and transfer to other sites. Although there is a maintenance tool called AddFeed and Delfeed, I want to protect this file personally. The SYS file contains the entry of the various sites you are transferred to NEWS, as well as the description of the group you accept. The entry looks like this Site [/ Exclusions]: GroupList [/ distance] [: flags [: cmds]] entries can be used to continuously use a backslash (/). Well word symbol (#) represents a comment. Site This is the name of the site corresponding to the entry. Typically choose the UUCP name of the site. You must also have your own site in the SYS file, otherwise you will not receive any articles. Special site name ME indicates your site name. The ME entry defines all groups you want to store locally. All articles that do not match ME will enter JUNK groups. Because c news is to check the site and path: Title fields, you must ensure that they are truly matched. Some sites use their wholly-owned domain names in this field, or alias like news.site.domain. To avoid any articles to be returned to these sites, you must add these sites to the exclusive list and separate them with a comma. For example, for an entry of site Moria, this field of this site will contain Moria / Moria.orcnet.org. GroupList This is a subscription list that separates groups and corresponding site hierarchies. The hierarchical structure can be specified by a prefix for a given hierarchy (for example, all groups prefixed in comp.OS), followed by a hierarchical keyword ALL (for example, comp.os.all) through a level The structure or group can be placed on an exclamation mark to exclude the forwarding of this hierarchy or group. If you use this list to check the newsgroup, you apply to the name of the longest match.
For example, if GroupList is included! Comp, comp.s.linux, comp.folklore.compute, other groups under Comp.Folklore.computers and Comp.OS.Linux, other groups under the CoMP hierarchy will not feed it. If the site request forwards all the groups you receive to it, enter all the all of GroupList. DistList is a list of branches using a slash, including a list of published information to be forwarded. Similarly, you can exclude appropriate release information by adding an exclamation point in front. All publishing information is represented by all. DistList hints an all list. For example, you can use an ALL release list,! Local is used to avoid sending only local use of News to the remote site. There are two publishing: World, which is often the default release when the user is not specified, and one is LOCAL. It is also possible to apply to other issues in a certain area, state, country, and so on. In general, c news only uses two releases; this is SendMe and IHAVE and is used for SendMe / IHAVE protocol. The release of the release is a debate. First, some news readers build a false release by simply use the top level hierarchy, for example, using COMP when delivering to commit.linux. The release of the area is often problematic, because NEWS can be transmitted to your area when sending through the Internet. [3] However, it is very meaningful to apply to an organization of an organization, for example, to avoid confidential information to go outside the corporate network. However, this purpose is usually best made by creating an independent news group or hierarchy. Flags describes the appropriate parameters of feeding. It can be empty, or a combination of the following markers: f This flag opens batch processing. f Almost the same, but allow C News to more accurately calculate the size of the batch batch. I This flag makes C News Generate a list of articles for iHVAE / Sendme. There is also a need for additional modifications to SYS and BATCHPARMS files to open IHAVE / Sendme. n This logo is an active NNTP transfer customer (see Chapter 18 of Nntpxmit) to establish a batch file. The batch file contains the file name of the article and its message ID. L This flag tells c news to transfer only the article delivered on your site. This flag can be followed by a decimal number N, which makes c news only transmits the article within your site N jump. C News From the PATH: field to determine the number of hops. u This logo tells that C News only processes the article only from the unmoded group. m This flag tells C news only processes the article only from the Moderated group. You can use one of f, f, i, or n. CMDs contains commands to be performed for each article unless the bulk processing is turned on. The article will be fed to the command on the standard input. This can only be used for very small inputs; otherwise, the load of the two systems will be too large. The default command is UUX--r -z system! Rnews This command calls RNEWS on the remote system and feeds it on the standard input. The default search path for the command given in this field is / bin: / usr / bin: / usr / lib / news / bin / bath. In the last directory contains many shell scripts, the names of these scripts are starting with VIA; will be discussed later in this chapter. If F or F, I or N flag is used to open batch processing, C News will expect to find a file name instead of a command. If this file name is not starting with a slash (/), it is assumed to be related to /var/spool/news/out.going. If this field is empty, it points to System / TOGO by default.
When setting C News, you generally have to write your own SYS file. In order to help you write, let's give the sample file of vbrew.com. You can copy the part you need. # We take / all :: # we send everything we received to moria, except for local and # BREWERY-Related Articles. We use bath.oria / moria.orcnet.org: all,! To , to.moria / all,! local,! Brewry: f: # we mails.risks to jack@ponderosa.uucp Ponderosa: Comp.risks / All :: rmail jack@ponderosa.uucp # swim gets a minor feed swim / Swim.twobirds.com:Comp.OS.Linux, Rec.humor.OrCle (Log Mail Map Articles for LOG Mail Map Articles For Later Processing Usenet-Maps: Comp.mail.maps / All: f: / VAR / Spool / UUMAPS / WORK / BATCH 17.4 Active file Active files are located in / usr / lib / news, where all groups you know, and the current online article. You rarely need to change it, but in order to see it, we still explain it. The entry in the file has the following form: NewsGroup High Low Perm, of course, newsgroup is the name of the group. Low and high are the number of existing lowest and highest articles. If there is no article at this time, then Low is equal to HIGH 1. At least, this is the meaning representing the low field. However, considering the efficiency problem, C News does not update this field. There is no big loss when there is no news reader depend on this field. For example, TRN checks this field to see if it can clear any files from its thread database. To update the Low field, you need to run the updatemin command regularly (or in the early C news is an Upact script). Perm is a detailed description of the user's access license to the group. It can take one of the following values. Y allows users to deliver articles in this group. N does not allow users to deliver articles in this group. However, the group is still readable. x This group has been prohibited locally. When the news administrator (or their boss) prohibits users from delivering articles to a group, sometimes it will do. The article delivered to this group is not stored locally, although these articles will be forwarded to the site requested to request them. m This is a mediation (arbitration) group. When a user is attempting to this group, a smart news reader will notice her operation and send this article to the media. Not in this group. The mediator's address is taken from the Moderators file in / usr / lib / news. = Real-group This marker out of the NEWSGROUP as another group (ie real-group) local alias. All posts to newsgroup will redirect to it. In C News, you don't need to directly access this file. You can use AddGroup and DelGroup to add or delete a group locally (see the maintenance tool and task section below). When a group is added or deleted for the entire USENEN, it is often done by sending a newGroup or RMGROUP control message, respectively. You will never send such a message! For how to build a newsgroup, please read the monthly delivery in News.announce.newusers.
The file with Active is Active.Times. Whenever a group is created, C news records a message in this file. The message contains the name of the created group, the date created, is established by the NewGroup control message or who is operated locally, and who operates. This is for easy news readers to inform users of any new groups in recent establishment. This file is also used by NNTP's newgroups command. 17.5 Article Batch Processing (Batching) News Batch Processing follows a specific format, this format is the same as BNEWS, C NEWS, and INN. Everything in each article is like this line: #! Rnews count here count is the number of articles. When using batch compression, the resulting file is used as a whole, and there is another row in front, where information is used to decompress. The standard compression tool is compress, which is used to mark #! Cunbatch sometimes, when needed to send bulk files from all data to the eight-bit mail software, the compressed bulk file can use the so-called C7- Code is protected; then these batch files will be marked as C7UNBATCH. When a batch file is fed to RNEWs on the remote site, it checks these tags and processes appropriately. Some sites also use other compression tools, such as Gzip, and zunbatch instead of CUNBATCH in front of their files compressed by them. C news identifies a non-standard title that does not like this; so you must modify the source program to support it. In C News, the article batch processing is performed by / usr / lib / news / bin / batch / sendbatches, which gets the list of articles from the Site / Togo file and puts them in several news batch. It should be performed every other or more frequently, depending on the traffic of the data. Its operation is controlled by the BatchParms file in / usr / lib / news. This file describes the maximum batch processing size allowed for each site, and proceeds to batch processing and optional compression, and delivering them to remote sites. You can specify the parameters for batch processing for each site, as well as specify a default parameter set for sites that are not clear. To perform batch processing on a specific site, call it # su news -c "/ usr / lib / news / bin / batch / sendbatches site" When the parameter is not called, Sendbatches will process all the row Batch. The interpretation of "all" depends on whether there is default entry in BatchParms. If there is, all directories in /var/spool/news/out.going will be checked, otherwise, it will cycle entries in BatchParms. Note that when scan an out.going directory, SendBatches will only take only a point and @ symbol as a directory of the site name. When you install C News, you will definitely find a BatchParms file in your distribution, which contains a suitable default entry, so you don't need to change this file. However, in order to change, we still describe its format. Each line contains six fields, separated by spaces or tab Tabs: Site Size Max Batcher Muncher Transport The meaning of these fields is as follows: Site is the site applied by the entry. The TOGO file of this site must be in Out.going / TOGO under the news spool. / Default / site name represents the default entry. SIZE is the size of the biggest article batch file created (before compression). For a single article with greater than this value, C News uses it as an exception and put it in a single batch file. Max is the maximum number of batch of specific sites and the number of batch to be transmitted.
This is useful in the case of shutting down for a long time in a remote site, because this can avoid c news to mess with thousands of news batch files. C News Using the Queulen script in / usr / lib / news / bin to determine the number of bulk articles in the queue. Vince Skahan's NewSpak release should contain a BNU compatible UUCP script. If you use a different spool directory Taylor UUCP, you may need yourself to write it. [4] The Batcher field contains commands that generate bulk files from the article list in the TOGO file. This is usually BATCHER for regular feedback operations. For other purposes, additional BATCHERS can be provided. For example, the IHAVE / SENDME protocol requires a list of articles to be converted to IHAVE or SENDME control messages, which is delivered to the newsgroup to.site. This is performed by Batchih and Batchsm. The Muncher field specifies the command used to compress. Usually, this is a script compcun that generates a compression bulk file. [5] In addition, you can also provide Muncher using Gzip, such as Gzipcun (for clearness, you must prepare it to it). You must be confident that Uncompress on the remote site has been modified to identify files with Gzip compression. If there is no uncompress command in the remote site, you can indicate that nocomp is not compressed. The last field transport describes the transmission mode used. There are many standard commands for different transmission methods, and the names of these commands begin with VIA. Sendbatches passed the name of the destination site to them on the command line. If the BATCHPARMS entry is not / default /, it will get the site name by stripping any character behind the first point or slash by stripping from the site field. If the entry is / default /, then use the directory name in Out.going. There are two commands to perform RNEWS; VIAUX and VIAUXZ on remote systems using UUX. The latter command is (old version) UUX Setting the -z flag to return a successful message to each post-delivered article. Another command, Viamail, send bulk articles to RNEWS users on the remote system via email. Of course, this requires a remote system to feed all RNEWS messages into their local News system. For a complete list of these transfiguration, see the Newsbatch (8) man page. The commands in the last three fields must be in Out.going / Site or / USR / lib / news / bin / batch. Most of these commands are scripts, so you can easily edit these new tools according to your needs. They are called by pipelines. The article list is to feed Batcher on standard input and generate bulk files on standard output. And this output is sent to Muncher, and so on. A sample file is given below. #batchparms File for the Brewery # site | size | max | BATCHER | Muncher | Transport # ---------------------- ------- --------- ----------- ----------- / Default / 100000 22 Batcher Compcun Viauux Swim 10000 10 Batcher Nocouux 17.6 Expiration News (News) In BNEWS, expired operations are usually performed through the Expire program, which uses the list of newsgroups and the date of expiration of the article. In order to operate different hierarchies, you must have a script that calls Expires for each hierarchy for each of them.
And C News provides a more convenient solution: in a file called Explist, you can specify the newsgroup and expired interval. A command called DOEXPire usually executes once a day in Cron and processes all of the groups according to this list. Sometimes, even if you have expired, you may want to save the articles in a specific group; for example, you may want to save the program in the commit .sources.Unix. This is called archive operation Archiving. Explist allows you to mark the group that needs to be archived. The entry in Explist looks like this: GroupList Perm Times Archive GroupList is a list of comma-separated groups corresponding to the current entry group. The hierarchy can be specified by giving a group prefix, and the optional all can be attached. For example, corresponding to groups under all COMP.OS, you can enter Comp.OS or Comp.OS.All in GroupList. When expired from the group, the name will be compared to all entries in Explist to be checked. The first matching entry will work. For example, in addition to the article in Comp.OS.Linux.announce, you want to keep a week, many other articles are discarded after four days, then you only need to have an entry for the former, specify the expiration time period is one week, followed by A entry for COMP, specifying the expired period of four days. The Perm field describes the entry applied to moderated, unmoded, or any group. It can take values M, u, or X, indicate modested, unmoderated, or any type, respectively. The third field Times usually contains only one number. If you don't have an expires: field in the article, people specify the expiration date, which will be the number of days that will expire. Note that the count of this day is starting from the article to your site, not from the date of delivery of the article. However, the Times field may be more complex. It can be three combinations of numbers separated by slash. The first number indicates that the article is considered to be the number of days to pass through. In addition to using numbers, this number is rarely used to use other numbers. The second field is the number of days expired by the article mentioned above. The third field is an article that has unconditionally passed, regardless of whether the article has an Expires: field. If only one number is given, then the other two numbers will be available. These can be specified with specific entries / bounds / to see below. The fourth field archive indicates whether the newsgroup is to be archived and archived there. If you don't want to archive, then use a short line. Otherwise, you or use a full path name (point to a directory), or a @ symbol. @ Symbol represents the default archiving directory, this default directory must be given to doexpire with the -a flag on the command line. The archive directory must belong to News. For example, when doexpire archives an article from Comp.Sources.Unix, it will store this article under Comp / Sources / Unix in the archive directory, and if the directory does not exist, it will create it. However, the archiving directory itself will not be created. There are two special entries in the Explist file to be DOEXPIRE. They have keywords / bounds / and / expired / instead of a newsgroup list. / Bounds / entry contains the default value of three values in the above Times field. / EXPIRED / field is used to determine how C news will remain in response to the corresponding line in the History file. This is desirable, because once the corresponding article has been expired, C News will not remove a line from the Histroy file, but keep in touch with the line to prevent repetitive articles after this date. If you just give you a letter from a site, you can keep this value very small.
Otherwise, on the UUCP network, you can be a few weeks, which depends on the delay value of the article from these sites. Expllist sample file with very small expiration time See below: # Keep Histroy Lines for Two weeks. NoBody gets more THREE MONTHS / EXPIRED / X 14 - / Bounds / x 0-1-90 - # Groups WE Want to Keep Longer Thannounce M 10 - Comp.OS.Linux X 5 - Alt.Folklore.computers u 10 - Rec.Humor.Orcle M 10 - Soc.Feminism M 10 - # Archive * . Sources Groups Comp. Sources, Alt.Sources x 5 @ # defaults for tech groups comp, sci x 7 - # ENOUGH for a long weekend misc, talk x 4 - # throw away junk quickly juck x 1 - # Control Messages Aref Scant Interest, Too Control X 1 - # Catch-All Entry for The Rest of It All X 2 - There are some potential issues in terms of expiration of C News. The first is your news reader may depend on the third field of the Active file, which contains the lowest quantity of online articles. When an expiration of the article, c news does not update this field. If you need (or want) this field reflects the real situation, then after each run doexpire, you need to run a program called UpdateMiin. [6] Secondly, C News will not expire through the directory of the newsgroup, but simply check if the History file will see if the article is going to expire. [7] If the History file is not synchronized because some reasons are not synchronized, the article will last on your disk, because c news has forgotten them. [8] You can use the addMissing script in / usr / lib / news / bin / most to fix this problem, addMissing will add the missing files into the History file, or use MKHistroy, which will rebuild the entire file from the destroyed file. History file. Don't forget to change the News user before calling it, otherwise C News can't read the History file error. 17.7 Other documents have many files that control C News, but it is not important for C News. They are all in / usr / lib / news. We will summarize them. Newsgroups This is Active's partner file, with a list of newsgroup names and a single line description of the topics for each newsgroup. This file will be automatically updated when c news receives a checknews control message (see Section 17.8). MailPaths contains the Moderator address of each ModRated group. Each line contains a group name, followed by the Moderator email address (separated by tab Tab). Two special entries are provided as the default. These are Backbone and Internet. Both provide the Bang-Path representation to the nearest main site, and the path to understand the RFC 822 address (user @ Host). The default entry is Internet backbone If you have installed SMAIL or Sendmail, you don't need to change the Internet entry because they understand the RFC 822 addressing method.
Whenever the user is delivered to a Moderator, the Backbone entry is used to use the Moderated group. If the name of the newsgroup is Alt.Sewer, and the Backbone entry contains PATH!% S, C News will post the article to Path! Alt-SEWER, and hope that the backbone machine will forward this article. In order to find which path to use, ask the administrator who feeds to you. As the last method, you can also use uunet.u.net!% S. Distributions This file is actually not a C news file, but some news readers and nntpd use it. It contains your site to identify the list of Distributions, and the description thereof. For example, the virtual winery has the following documents: World Everywhere In The World Local Only Local To this Site NL Netherlands Only Mugnet MugNET Only Fr France Only DE Germany Only Brewery Virtual Brewry Only log This file contains all activities of all activities of C News. It is regularly collected by running newsdaily; the copy of the old log file is saved in log.o, log.oo, etc. Errlog This is a log file for all error messages generated by c news. These errors do not include useless articles that are not paired by the group. If this file is not empty, it will be automatically mailed to the news administrator (Usenet) by NewsDaily. Errlog is responsible for cleaning by NewsDaily. Old copy is saved as an Errlog.o, etc. Batchlog This file records all SENDBATCHS operation results. It is usually not interested. It is also maintained by NewDaily. Watchtime This is an empty file generated by newswatch every time. 17.8 Control Messages The USENET News Protocol knows that a special type of article can cause a specific response or action of news system. These special types of articles are called Control Message. They are identified by the Control: field in the title of the article, which contains the name of the control operation to be performed. They can be divided into several categories, but all are processed by the shell script located in / usr / lib / news / ctl. While C News is handled such articles, most of these articles will automatically perform their operations without notifying news administrators. By default, only CheckGroups messages will be given to news administrators, [9], you can change this by editing the script. 17.8.1 Cancel Messages The message that everyone knows is CANCEL, using it users to cancel her an article sent earlier. If this article exists, this can effectively remove this article from the spool directory. The CANCEL message will be forwarded to all sites from which to receive news from this role, regardless of whether the article is already. This is to consider the original article may be canceled. Some news systems allow users to cancel other people's information; this is of course not desirable. 17.8.2 NewGroup and RMGroup involves two messages of creation and deleting newsgroups are newgroup and rmgroup. The newsgroups under the "Ordinary" hierarchy can only be established after discussing and voting in the USENET reader. It is almost allowed to create a newsgroup at will. For more information, see Information on News.announce.Newusers and News.announce.newGroups. Never send a newGroup or rmgroup message unless you know that you are allowed to do. 17.8.3 CheckGroups Message The checkgroups message is synchronized with the active files sent by the news administrator to make all sites in a network with real USENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENENEN
For example, a commercial Internet service provider may issue such a message to their client sites. "Official" Checkgroups message for the main hierarchy is passed by its Moderator to comp.announce.newgroups once a month. However, it is delivered as a normal article, not as a control message. To make CheckGroups operation, save this article to a file, such as / tmp / check, will be deleted until all information starting at the beginning of the control message, and send it to checkgroups scripts using the following command: # su news -c "/ USR / LIB / News / BIN / CTL / CheckGroups "
Save the list of missions into a file and give the file to the following small scripts: #! / Bin / sh cd / usr / lib / news while read group; do if grep -si "^ $ group [[[ : Space:]]. * MODERATED "NewGroup; Then MOD = m else mod = y fi / usr / lib / news / bin / maint / add $ group $ mod done 17.4 Sendsys, Version and Senduuname Finally, there are three The message can be used to find topologies about the network. These messages are Sendsys, Version, and Senduuname. They will cause C News to return the SYS file, a software version string, and the UUNAME (1) output to the sender. For Version Message C News is very concise; it returns a simple "C". Moreover, you must never make such a message unless you are sure that the news will not go to your (region) network. A response to Sendsys messages can quickly make a UUCP network. [10] 17.9 A simple way to publish news in a local network in a local network is to save all news on a central host and output the relevant directory through NFS, so news reader can directly scan the article . The advantage of this method on NNTP is that the load of the retrieval and scheduling articles is quite low. On the other hand, in the network of a major multi-machine type, the user does not have an equivalent account on the server machine, NNTP is competent. When using NFS, the article delivered on the local host must be forwarded to the central host, because otherwise, access management files may expose the system under different conditions, resulting in inconsistencies of the file. Similarly, you might want to protect your affiliation from you to the news fake offline area on the central machine. C News can be handled transparently. When you deliver an article, your news reader usually calls inews to send this article to the news system. This command performs a series of inspections, perfect the title, and checks the file server in / usr / lib / news. If this file exists and contains a host name different from the local host, at this time, INEWS is called by RSH in that server host. Since the INEWS script uses a lot of binary commands and the support files in C News, you must install C News locally, or load news software from the server (MOUNT). In order to make RSH calls to work normally, each user must have an identical account on the server system, i.e., an account that does not need to be required to be password. Make sure that the host name given in Server and the hostname (1) command on the server machine is matched, otherwise C News will be loop forever during the trial of this article. 17.10 Maintenance Tools and Tasks Although c news is complicated, a news administrator can be very easy, because c news provides you with a lot of maintenance tools. Some of them are used to regularly run, like NewsDaily. Use these scripts greatly reduce the daily maintenance and feeding requirements of C News. These commands are located in / usr / lib / news / bin / maint unless otherwise stated. Note that you must be a news user before calling these commands. Running these commands identity with superusers may cause C News to not access these files. This name itself explains himself: Run once every day. This is an important script that helps you keep the log file short, save each copy of the last three run. It also tries to detect any abnormal conditions, such as batch of batch, to unknown or moderated newsgroups, etc. in the inbound and outbound directory.
The resulting error message will be mailed to the news administrator. Newswatch This is a script program that should be run regularly used to find abnormal conditions in the news system, usually run once an hour. It is used to detect the operation of the news system has an impact and mail the problem report to the news administrator. The situation to be checked includes an indirect file that is old locked and does not reserve, and the shortage of disk space. AddGroup adds a group of local sites. Appropriate call is AddGroup GroupName Y | N | M | = RealGroup The second parameter has the same meaning as the flag in the Active file, meaning that anyone can deliver (Y) to the group, anyone can not This group is delivered (N), which is a moderated group (m), or this is another group (= RealGroup) alias. You can also use AddGroup when the newly established group of articles are now in the NewGroup control message. DelGroup allows you to delete a local group. Calling way, DelGroup Groupname, you still need to delete the other articles in the news group fake offline directory. Alternatively, you can also eliminate it naturally (also known as expired express). AddMissing adds an omfortable article to the History file. When there is an article as an example, it will run this scriptor. [11] Newsboot This script should run when the system is started. It deletes any locking files left when the news process is killed at shutdown, and will turn off and perform any batch from NNTP connection, which is the NNTP connection that is aborted when the system is turned off. Newsrunning This program can be used in / usr / lib / news / bin / input, such as in working hours, prohibiting the IBATCHING for inbound news. You can turn off the decryption processing by calling / usr / lib / news / bin / input / newsrunning off. Use ON instead of OFF to turn it. Note [1] There may be some differences between groups and those groups you want to receive on your site. For example, a subscription list may indicate Comp.all, which indicates all newsgroups under the CoMP structure, but on your site, there are only a few CoMP groups in Active. Posts that post to those groups will be moved to Junk. [2] Note that in order to do not destroy the permissions of the file, this should be the crontab of News. [3] For example, an article delivered in Hamburg through the Netherlands RESTON.NS.NET, even through some sites of U.S to Frankfurt. [4] If you don't care about the quantity of the fake offline file (because you are the only person using your computer, you will not write an article with a megabytes, you can use a simple exit 0 statements to replace the contents in the script. [5] As a 12-bit option, compcun uses Compress with a 12-bit option, because for many sites, this is the most affordable (minimum blend mother). You can generate a copy of it, such as CompCun16, here you use 16-bit compression. But the improvement is not very obvious. [6] For early versions of C News, it is done with a script called Upact. [7] The date of the article is saved in the intermediate field of the Histroy line, counting in seconds from January 1, 1970. [8] I don't know why this happens, but for me, this is not often.
[9] There is an interesting print error in RFC 1036 (P.12): "Implementors and administrators may cho together to allow control messages to be carried out automaticly, or to queue the for Annual processing." [10] I don't Will try on the Internet. [11] I still want to know how to remove "Help! I can't get X11 to work with 0.97.2 !!!"? " source:
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