First, the judgment of the common fault of hard drive
In general, the fault of the hard disk can be divided into pure hardware faults and software failures. Relatively, the hardware failure caused by software is more complicated because the hard disk involves system software and application software, but the solution is sometimes simple, such as the main guiding sector being illegally modified, which causes the system to be unable to start, absent after the normal shutdown Logical bad tracks, etc., usually resolved by reassignment. And the failure of pure hardware is relatively tricky - hardware failure can be divided into system, such as the IDE interface of the motherboard, is not compatible with other hardware devices, the power supply is unstable, and the other is the fault of the hard disk itself. Of course, we can observe if the board is burned by the eye, and use the ear to listen to whether there is abnormal sound when starting. The hard disk fault includes a magnetic head damage, a circuit board problem, a loss of chip information, and the most intuitive phenomenon is that the hard disk cannot be identified after entering the motherboard BIOS setting. The error prompt after the computer is turned on is also possible to determine the hard disk failure. For example, the screen display: "Device Error", then display: "Non-system disk or disk error, replace and strike any key means", prompting the hard disk can't start, launch with the floppy disk, type C after A:> :, The screen display: "Invalid Drive Specification", the system does not recognize the hard disk, typically the hard disk setting parameter loss or hard disk type setting error is caused. After the screen is turned on: "Invalid Partition Table", the hard disk cannot be started, if the C disk is recognized from the floppy disk, it is generally caused by the partition table in the main boot record in the hard disk. The screen displays "Error Loding Operating System" or "Missing Operating System" indicates that the main boot record of the hard disk is destroyed, or the end flag of the partition is destroyed, and it may be due to the CMOS heavy hard disk parameter setting error caused this phenomenon. The reasons are: CMOS parameters are changed; system files in hard disk IO.SYS and MSDOS.sys are destroyed; hard disk DOS boot record (boot) is severely damaged, or the DOS boot record end sign (01FF 55 aa) Lost; it is also possible that the main boot data of the hard disk is damaged, or the main boot end flag (080.081 55 AA) is lost. The system displays "Track 0 Bad, Disk Unusable", meaning "zero track damage, hard disk cannot be used" or scan other hard drive with disk scanner, "B" appears in the 0 sector. The hard disk is damaged. It is a failure of a headache. Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to repair the hard disk. If the screen is displayed "Smart Failure Predicted On Primary Master: ST310210A" then warning: "Immediately, it is immnent." At this point, you must press F1 to continue, this is Smart Technical diagnosis tests your hard drive may have faulty or instability, warning you to back up data immediately and replace the hard drive. After this prompt, there is no other solution in addition to the new disk. Second, the hard disk is commonly installed in installation faults
Improper hard disk installation will result in a malfunction that cannot be used. For example, the IDE interface is not connected to the hard disk connection; or the IDE cable connector is poorly or reproducible; the hard disk is not connected to the power supply or the power connector is not inhaled; the jumper settings are not properly detected in the BIOS. Hard disks, or unable to identify all capacity. If the hard disk light is on a few times, the BIOS is still reporting that the hard disk is not discovered, it may be a partial damage on the hard disk board or the motherboard IDE interface and the IDE controller failure. In addition, the unqualified signal line (not used as required) or does not install the motherboard chipset drive (patch) program will result in the failure of the DMA mode. Some friends have newly added a hard drive, Win98 can't start, and everything is normal after removing the new hard drive. This is because your Win98 is installed on a non-C disk (such as a D disk) of the original hard drive, and after the installation of the double hard drive, there is a multi-partition in the original hard drive, causing the drive letter to interrupted, causing the origin of the original hard disk to change. Win98 is not possible to start normal startup when the default related system files and many applications are not found when they are started. In the case of multi-partition, the order of the hard disk partition is such that the primary partition of the primary hard disk is still considered a C drive by the computer, and the primary partition of the second hard disk is considered a D disk, and next is the first hard disk Other partitions are arranged in turn from the E disk, and then the last displacement of the second hard disk is then arranged in one of the last drives of the first hard disk. To make the second hard disk does not change, there are two ways to solve: If you only use Win98, it is relatively simple, set the second hard disk to none in CMOS, but in pure DOS Recognize the second hard disk. The second method is to connect to the second hard disk, re-partition the second hard disk, delete its primary DOS partition, and only expand the partition. This is not interlaced. Of course, if there is only one partition of the first hard disk, there will be no problem with the discrepancy. There is also a common hard disk installation failure that does not use a large-capacity hard disk on the old motherboard, a lot of methods, such as upgrading the motherboard BIOS or use EZ and other special partition software partitions.
The SATA hard disk power interface is very different from the port used by the traditional IDE hard drive. At present, the normal power supply can only support the Serial ATA hard drive directly, and special adapters are required. However, there are also a few Serial ATA hard drives using dual power supply design, except for the 15-pin power interface of the Serial ATA standard, there is a traditional power interface, which is more convenient to use. In addition, the Serial ATA hard drive requires a more stringent power supply quality than the parallel interface hard drive, and it is best to have a good power supply for a single power. Also note that because the Serial ATA hard drive is very sensitive to the motherboard AGP / PCI frequency, if you have overclocked operation, you may have an unable to identify a hard disk or use instability. It is recommended that you will keep the bus frequency stability after overclocking. It should also be noted that after completing the Windows installation, you must install the IAA accelerator patch or VIA, SIS, Promise, and Silicon's related patches, the program will automatically use the best transfer mode according to the physical characteristics of the hard disk to fully volatilize the Serial-ATA hard drive. performance. If the motherboard BIOS does not support 48bit LBA mode, you cannot directly use a hard disk of more than 137G capacity. I have encountered this situation. I suggest you upgrade the latest motherboard BIOS. If you do not upgrade, you can also use the partition software DM of your hard drive, which provides an extension of INT13H, thus winding the motherboard BIOS to support large hard drives. You can also use Windows 2003 system disks to identify 160G or more large-capacity hard drives.
Third, the hard disk is common "soft fault" processing
The hard disk of the hard disk is non-physical fault, such as the main boot record, partition table, startup file, etc. to be destroyed, and the system cannot start, the hard disk is causing the virus infection, and illegal operation, improper maintenance. Under normal circumstances, "soft failure" is to repair itself. For example, the common partition lost fault, because the partition table is caused by viral damage, and the data saved on the partition is generally good, we can use the related tool software to try to fix. Diskman to fix the partition table. Diskman is a powerful hard disk partition maintenance software that can determine if the "system parameters" of the partition is correct, allowing Diskman to automatically check the hard disk partition parameters, and according to the prompt to modify the parameters, of course, it can be used without doing. Its Reconstruction Partition feature rebuild partitions. Diskman can re-establish the partition table by booting the record information that is unmattered, select "Rebuild Partition Table" in the toolbar of the menu, and Diskman starts searching and rebuilding the partition. Of course, we can also use KV3000 software to repair hard disk data, manually reconstruct the main boot sector and partition table. Start your computer with a floppy disk and run KV3000.exe, enter the KV3000 main screen, press the F6 key to start the function of the hard disk partition, then press F2 to search for the hard disk, follow the F2 to view the C disk Boot area. If the C disk Boot sector is normal, you can automatically rebuild the C drive main boot sector and partition table with the KV3000 F10 function key. However, it should be noted that no matter what software and method is used, it cannot be repaired by 100%. Therefore, it is recommended that the reader will be able to back up a partition table on a floppy disk or disc, once the partition is lost, it can be easily recovered. In addition, it is also a more serious failure to lock the hard disk by the "logical lock". The most direct consequences will result in unable to start, even with disc and floppy disk can't start. The key is that the "Logic Lock" modified the normal main boot partition record, and the first logical disk of the extension partition points to yourself, so that the dead cycle is formed, which is the use of floppy drives, optical drives, and double hard drives. the reason. Solving this problem is not complex, method is to modify the DOS boot file, first prepare a DOS6.22 system disk. Then on a normal machine, use the binary editing tools you are familiar with the binary editing tool (DEBUG, PCTOOLS5.0, or UltraEdit bank under Windows) to modify the IO.SYS file on the floppy disk (remember to remember the property of the file as Normal), specifically search the first "55AA" string in this file, find it to change to any other value. Use this modified system floppy disk you can start with the locked hard drive. The method is to unlock with DM. First you have to find the DM software that is supported with the hard disk, then copy the DM to a system disk. Connect the lock hard disk, boot, hold down the DEL key, enter the CMOS setting, set all the IDE hard drive to None (this is the key!), Save the settings, restart, then the system can "with lock" start. After starting the DM, you will find that the DM can bypass the BIOS to identify the hard disk, select the hard disk, and format the partition. However, the maximum shortage of this method is that the data on the hard disk will be lost.
Fourth, the hard disk is common "bad track" to handle the bad track of the hard disk. Logical bad track and physical bad track. Logical bad tracks are soft and broken, mostly caused by software operation and improper use, can be repaired in software; physical bad deeds are real physical bad deeds, indicating that physical damage on the surface track of the hard disk, mostly can't Repair with software, can only be solved by changing the use of hard disk partitions or sectors.
First, let's first confirm that the bad track of the hard disk is logical bad or physical bad road, and the method is simple. When the computer is just started, press the "F8" button to select "Command Prompt Only" into the DOS mode (the operating system must be WIN95 / 98, if Win2000 / XP please use the DOS boot disk), execute "Scandisk X:" (X: " For the drive letter), the ScanDisk program checks the hard disk, and pops up the dialog box on the resulting logic bad track, select "FIX IT" to initiate the logical bad track. If the scanner is stagnant in a certain progress, then the hard disk has physical bad deeds. For a logical bad hard disk that has been made, return to Windows after normal startup, enter the "My Computer" to select a logical bad track, click the right mouse button, select "Properties" → "Tool" → "Start Check" pops up "Disk Scanner", select "Full" and hook "Auto Repair Errors" and click "Start" to start scanning and fixing the partition. For hard drives with physical bad deeds, the above method does not work, but it is not there. The simplest method is that if the hard disk has not had a warranty period, you will go to the seller to think about it. However, if you have a warranty period, I have to fix it. First, I recommend you to use the original DM tool to "clear" to the hard disk. Many small problems can be solved with DM, and after the above processing, use other software The time of hard disk repair can be greatly shortened. Then use HDDREG, MHDD, and FB. These software features are similar, and there are features in use. HDDREG can reach the purpose of repairing the bad track by magnetic reversal, allegedly repairing approximately 60% of the damaged hard disk, while repairing the bad track does not affect the original data information of the hard disk, and this is the low-level formatting program Can't do it. Of course, it is also possible to handle it with partitionmagic to achieve the purpose of hidden bad tracks. The specific method is: First start the partitionMagic, select the "check" command under the "Operations" menu, scan the hard disk, mark the bad cluster, select "Advanced" → "Bad Sector Retset under the" Operations "menu, last Divide the bad cluster into a separate partition, and hide the partition through the "hide partiton" command. If the information "TRACK 0 BAD, Disk Unusable" occurs when the computer starts, then fix it, because this information shows that the zero track damage of the hard disk is, and this is generally, most people make the hard disk to scrapped. However, it is not absolutely unpacking. The principle is very simple. Just use 1 sector instead of 0 sectors, it is recommended to "Diskman" to everyone, it is a relatively commonly used hard disk tool. After downloading, in pure DOS, select the disk (generally C disk) to modify in the "Hard Disk" menu, then enter the "Tool" → "Parameter Modification" → will "start cylinder" value by "0" Change to "1", determine the saved exit. You can re-partition the hard drive.
