Computer English noun 简简 (reproduced)

xiaoxiao2021-03-05 25

Computer English noun

First, famous company and its trademark name

Microsoft: Sometimes abbreviation is MS, which is the name of the world's most famous software vendor, US software giant Microsoft. Microsoft is actually consisting of two English words: Micro means "micro", Soft means "soft", here should be "Software, Software", as the name, Microsoft is a company company company. Today's 90% of microcomputers are loaded with Microsoft operating systems, such as MS-DOS 6.22, Windows 3.2, Windows 95, Windows NT, etc.

Intel: Intel, is the world's largest CPU (central processor, the heart called computer) and related chip manufacturers. 80% of computers are CPUs produced by Intel. Its products from early 8088 to current Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium MMX, Pentium II, etc.

Pentium, Pentium Pro, Intel Inside Sign: Both Intel's registered trademarks. Pentium (pronunciation / 'pentj? M /) is a famous CPU trademark name, Chinese translation as "Pentium". People praise, the "Pentium" computer whose mouth is closed is because of the "Pentium" CPU produced by Intel.

AMD: The world's second largest CPU manufacturer, the main products have K5, K6 MMX CPU series.

Cyrix: CPU manufacturer, the main products have M1, M2 MMX CPU series.

Epson: Epson, Japanese love Puchi printer manufacturer.

HP: Accommodation of HP, Hewlett Packard is a famous HP printer, computer manufacturer.

Canon: Canon, famous printer trademark. Japan's famous Canon printer manufacturer. Canon meaning "religious regulations, standards", can be seen that Canon is determined to take our products as the "standard" of the industry.

Compaq: Han translated as "Kangbai", US Corpital Computer Company, is one of the world's largest computer companies.

IBM: It is an abbreviation for International Business Machine Company (USA International Commercial Machinery). IBM is a US old computer manufacturer, and its products are internationally renowned brands.

Apple: English is the meaning of "Apple", US Apple Computer Company, the company's production of high-performance professional-grade computers.

Acer: Taiwan famous macro? Computer company.

Tulip: English means "tulip", famous brand computer company, tulip computer company from Europe.

Sony: Sony, Japan Sony.

Toshiba: Toshiba, Japan Toshiba Computer, mainly producing laptops.

Philips: Philips, Netherlands Philips, mainly producing color display, optical drive, household appliances, etc.

Sumsung: Samsung, Samsung, South Korea, famous color display manufacturers, also produce optical drives, household appliances, etc.

Second, common hardware names and equipment names

CPU: Central Processing Unit, central processing unit, also called a central processor or microprocessor, is called the heart of the computer.

Ram: Random Access Memory, Random Memory, "Memory", which is often said.

ROM: Read-Only Memory, read-only memory.

EDO: EXTENDED DATA OUTPUT, expanded data output. When the processing speed of the CPU is constantly increasing, it is necessary to continuously improve the DRAM transfer data speed. In general, the FPM (FAST PAGE MODEL) DRAM transmits data speed at 60-70 ns, while EDO DRAM is 3 times faster than FPM, reaching 20ns . The fastest is SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM, synchronous dynamic memory), with an access rate of up to 10ns. SDRAM: SYNCHRONOUS DYNAMIC RANDOM Access Memory, synchronous dynamic random memory, also known as synchronous DRAM, is a new generation of dynamic memory. It can use the same clock with the CPU bus, so the SDRAM memory can greatly improve the performance of the computer than the EDO memory.

Cache: English meaning "(exploration staff, etc.) cellar; collection of food, equipment, etc. In the computer, a cache is between the CPU and the main memory DRAM (Dynamic Randon Access Memory), a small scale, but a high speed, typically consists of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory Static Memory).

CMOS: It is an abbreviation of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, which means complementary metal oxide semiconductors (refer to complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory). CMOS is a memory (RAM) that is currently powered by a battery currently used in most computers. It is an important tool for determining the hardware configuration of the system, optimizing the overall performance of the microcomputer, and performs system maintenance. It saves some information about system hardware settings. After turning off, this information continues to exist (this is completely different from RAM). When booting, the computer needs to use this information to start the system. If you accidentally or unexpected, the computer system will not start normally.

PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnection, a local bus (bus is used to transfer information from a device to a high speed channel of another device). The PCI bus is currently a more advanced bus structure. Its function has greatly improved than other bus, which supports burst read and write operations, the maximum transmission rate can reach 132Mbps, which is one of the fastest data transmission, but also Supports multi-set peripherals. PCI is not subject to the CPU processor, and can be compatible with existing bus, and its motherboard slot is small, so low cost and benefit.

Seagate: USA Haki Hard Disk Manufacturer. Seagate means "portal to the ocean", often refers to the canal of the sea.

QUANTUM: English meaning is "quantitative, total". Famous hard drive trademark, US Quantum Corporation.

Maxtor: "Crystal", USMAXTOR hard drive.

LD: Laser Disk, laser disc, but also known as laser disc.

CD: Compact Disc, compressed CD, also known as laser disc.

CD-ROM: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory, Compressed CD - Read-only Memory (Storage), is also called "read-only CD".

VCD: Video Compact Disc, video compression disc, that is, what people usually say "small video".

DVD: So far, many people regard DVD as the abbreviation of Digital Video Disc, in fact, from September 1995, Sony / Philips and Toshiba / Times Warner two DVD Development Group reached a DVD unified standard, DVD The connotation has changed greatly, it has become a digital universal disc, namely Digital Versatile Disc English abbreviation. The meaning of Versatile "General" indicates diversification of DVD purposes, which is not only available for film and television, but also for multimedia computers. Currently, it can be divided into five types according to its use: 1? Computer with read-only CD - DVD-ROM; 2? Home-type video CD - DVD-MOVIE; 3? DVD Audio for music; 4? Just write Once CD - DVD-R; 5? Read multiple disc - DVD-RAM. Modem: Prerequisites for Modems, INTERNETs on Household Computers, in the general English-Chinese Dictionary, can't find MODEM words, which is an abbreviation form of modulator and demodulator. MODEM is an essential external device that implements computer communications. Because the data of the computer is a digital signal, it is necessary to transfer it to another computer or other terminal (such as a telephony or the like) through a transmission line (e.g., telephone line), and the digital signal must be converted to a transmission. Analog signal (modulation signal). The received analog signal is restored to the original digital signal in turn, which requires the modem.

UPS: English abbreviation for Uninterruptible Power Supply (uninterruptible power). It is one of the important peripherals of computers with the birth of a computer. UPS is an uninterruptible power supply containing a constant voltage constant frequency that is mainly composed of inverters in an inverter to protect the computer that does not lose important data when suddenly powering.

TFT: Active matrix color display, referred to as a TFT display, dedicated to a laptop. The TFT display has the advantages of fast refresh speed, true color, and distinct brightness. In addition, it also has the characteristics necessary to "green computer" without flash, radiation, no static electricity.

Third, famous software products

DOS: Disk Operating System, Disk Operating System. Referring to DOS, as long as people who have a little computer knowledge will understand it. The main function of DOS is to manage the hardware and software resources of the computer, so that users can operate the computer. Using DOS operating the computer, you need users to remember a lot of commands and their correct formats, more difficult to learn. The emergence of Windows (Microsoft Window Operating System) marks the end of the DOS era, the graphics operates the computer era.

Windows: In the General English Dictionary, I found that Windows means "windows". WINDOW refers to the famous "Window Operating System" of Microsoft's famous computer. It implements the control of the computer by selecting some graphic icon (ICON), Window and Menu, etc., and greatly facilitates users. Windows Windows Operating System Series has Windows 3.1, Windows 3.2, Windows 95 (because the product is in 1995, which is called Windows 95, can also be written into Win95.PWindows 95 refers to the Chinese version of Windows 95), and more powerful The latest products are Windows 98 and Windows 2000, and the like. Windows 95 is one of the most famous, most popular graphical operating systems.

Windows NT: Microsoft's famous network window operating system. NT is the abbreviation of New Technology.

OS / 2 WARP: OPERATING SYSTEM (operating system). It is an IBM's excellent pure 32-bit operating system, and it can also provide complete DOS support, which is more superior to Windows 95, which is a powerful competitor of Windows 95. WARP in OS / 2 WARP, English meaning is "Bending; distort", here refers to IBM's alias for its new generation operating system OS / 2. WARP is a scientific geek in the famous American Science Fiction Movie "Star Wars", which compares the software as the science of the "Star Wars", which gives people a feeling of unresponsiveness, and hopes that users will move the "Star Wars". Go to OS / 2 software. UNIX: A multi-user operating system.

UCDOS: Beijing hopes that a Chinese disk operation integrated system developed by computer companies is the most popular Chinese platform in the current number of people.

WPS: Word Processing System, Text Processing System, a set of DOS platform Chinese character processing systems developed by Hong Kong Jinshan Company (Kingsun), in 1989, has a quick occupation of the market with its simple and practical advantages. During the brilliant period of the former WPS, the Chinese one mentioned that the computer is not associated with WPS, it can be described as "computers must be checked". WPS once becomes synonymous with Chinese text processing software. In the "National Computer Level 1 Exam" in recent years, WPS is the designated text processing test content.

WPS97: Word Processing System, Text Processing System, Kingsun, is named WPS97 due to launch in 1997. It is a WPS upgrade product, is a text processing software that runs in a Chinese environment such as UCDOS, Windows 3? X and Windows 95. It integrates the WPS, electronic dictionary, and Fang Zheng school to system, multi-internal conversion, barcode production, etc. Super office software.

Office 97: Office is the meaning of "office". Here is the advanced office integration software of Microsoft, in 1997, there is OFFICE97. Office 97 includes: Word 97 (text processing software), Excel 97 (spreadsheet processing software), PowerPoint 97 (electronic slide demonstration software), Outllook 97 (integrating schedule management, mail information exchange, etc.) personal transaction management software) .

Word 97: Word is meaning "word" in English. Word 97 refers to Microsoft Advanced Text Processing Software. Its series of products also has Word 5.0, Word 6.0, Word 7.0, etc.

Excel 97: Excel English is "better than, superior", Excel 97 is an spreadsheet software in the Microsoft Office 97 package. The spreadsheet is only an electronic version of the financial account, which is to replace the financial bill of the print, and can make a simple arithmetic operation in the table or a column of data in the table. Microsoft Excel 97 is recognized as the most powerful, most advanced technology, most convenient, using the most convenient spreadsheet software.

Lotus 1-2-3: Lotus is the meaning of "lotus". Lotus 1-2-3 is the integrated software in the Windows environment, which is a large-purpose electronic data sheet, text processing, database, graphics software, and file management functions in a system, and file management function. Transfer and call information mutually.

Photoshop: Two words consisting of Photo (photos) and SHOP (store; factory), so it is known that Photoshop is "factory-processed factory". It is the most popular image editing software that is running on a Macintosh and a Windows-based computer, which allows people to edit the painting art and pictures of the disk. In addition, Photoshop also provides tools similar to painting on paper, with these tools to create a naturalist style like a watercolor and oil painting. Coreldraw: is a powerful comprehensive painting software. Many professional computer art designers use it to make a variety of graphic desktop prints such as invitations, briefings, promotional goods, posters, advertisements, and more. Can draw anything with Coreldraw: from the business district map, mechanical structure assembly map, the art of comics, monsters and other computer art works, CorelDRAW is almost omnipos. It creates the graphics, the text has the characteristics of smooth, and the wheel is clear.

Authorware: Composed of Author (writer; creator) and Ware (goods; items; utensils), as the names "writers to create goods tools". It is a multimedia system making tool developed by Macromedia, which has a professional version (Authorware Star) in the Windows environment. Authorware is an icon-oriented multimedia production tool that makes non-professionals rapidly develop multimedia software to become a reality, and its powerful features are amazing. It does not require traditional computer language programming, only by editing the activities of some control program towards the icon, the multimedia projects such as text, graphics, sound, animation, video, etc. can be reached with multimedia software. The purpose of making it. Authorware This is a main feature of the design idea for editing flowcharts for replacing traditional computer language programming. Its main features are also: 1? The software prepared has a powerful interaction function, which can control the program process. 2? In the human-machine dialogue, it provides a button, pressing a number of answers such as mouse, limited time. 3? It also provides a number of system variables and functions to perform specific features based on the user response. 4? Compiled software In addition to running in its integrated environment, you can compile files that are expanded as? EXE, which is out of the AUTHORWARE production environment under the Windows system.

Oracle: English meaning is "smart people, sages, philosophers", computer English refers to large high-performance relational database system software developed by Oracle, in numerous database systems, such as IBM's DB2 database, Sybase's Sybase database Wait, only Oracle database system, with its superior stable performance, reliable security, powerful networking capacity, rich and fast development tools. Therefore, it has always accounted for more than 40% of the global database sales, and the status of the stable database industry is almost all the prizes in many evaluations. "." In China, Oracle Database is also widely used and promoted with the development of computer technology in my country.

PCTools: Personal Computer Tools, PC Tools. It is a computer maintenance tool exported by Central Point Software, integrating document management and disk management, streamlined and enhanced regular applications. It is a set of multi-function utility software. Using PCTools can replace many of DOS, compared to DOS, it is more easy to operate, intuitive, and simple, is a common tool software for computers. Nu: It is the abbreviation of Norton UnTilities. Norton is a famous computer expert Norton, Utility English means "utility", which refers to Personal Computer Tools software written by Mr. Norton to solve the DOS system. It can be seen as a personal computer tool software set with its complex form. NU is a powerful and popular computer maintenance tool after PCTools. Ordinary users can use the most famous tool NDD (Norton Disk Doctor Norton disk doctor) to solve most of the disk problems; professionals can use the operational flexible, powerful Diskedit to solve professional data maintenance issues.

CSC: Clever Software Corporation, "Smart Software". This is a computer tutor software developed by Beijing Colona Education Software Company. Fourth, famous computer language

VF: Also writing VFP, Visual FoxPro abbreviation, Visual is "visible" in English, fox means "fox", originally referred to American Fox Database Software, the company has been acquired by Microsoft. The ProG is a slightly written in Progress, meaning "more into one". Visual FoxPro is a powerful, visualized, object-oriented database programming language launched by Microsoft's FoxPro, and it is also a powerful database management system.

VC: Visual C , Microsoft's Advanced Visual Computer Program Development Language. The C language is called one of the biggest contributions to computer program design in the past decade. It has a simple and easy-to-use feature of advanced languages, but also to complete the assembly language. Therefore, C language is particularly suitable for writing a variety of complex software. If the Basic language is the programming language of beginners and amateurs, then the C language is the programming language of professionals.

VB: Visual Basic Abbreviation, Microsoft's Advanced Visual Computer Program Development Language. Basic is an abbreviation of Beginner's All-Purpose Sybolic Instruction Code (initiator universal symbolic instruction code), starting from Basic, Quick Basic, Ture Basic, etc. Currently, the latest Visual Basic, which is the latest in Microsoft. This is a very strong object-oriented visualization programming language.

Delphi: pronunciation / 'Delfai /, Telfi, ancient Greek city name, is known as the center of the ancient Greek as the world, is known as the Apollo Temple. In computer English refers to a visualization, object-oriented, event-driven computer programming language of Borland, USA.

Java: pronunciation / 'd? A: v? /, "New English Dictionary" translation is "Java (a Indonesia), Java Coffee." Computer English refers to a new type of object-oriented programming language launched by US Sun (Sun). Java integrates to objects, platform independent, stable, security, multi-threads, etc., increase the function of abnormal processing, network programming, etc., especially suitable for the development of Internet applications, is a world, one The key to the idea of the network. All kinds of software written in Java can truly "Write Once, Run Anywhere", running everywhere) ", that is, the same software can run on different computers, whether it is a PC, Apple, UNIX computer And the top box, PDA (personal data assistant) and even an exception of intelligent components. SQL: Structure Query Language, Structured Query Language. SQL is a concise, a set-oriented language in the relational database management system, which quesces one or more data tables to generate a result data table.

V. Common important computer English and its abbreviations

PC: Personal Computer, Personal Computer, PC, Also known as microcomputer or microcomputer.

NC: Network Computer, Network Computer.

MPC: MultiMedia Personal Computer, multimedia PC.

MMX: The abbreviation of MultiMedia Extensions is the important feature of the sixth generation CPU chip. The MMX technology is 57 instructions designed specifically for video signals, audio signals, and graphical manipulation. Therefore, MMX CPU greatly enhances computer multimedia (eg Stereo, video, three-dimensional animation, etc.) processing function.

Intel Pentium 166MHz MMXTM: Intel Pentium is Intel Corporation "Pentium" CPU. ? It means "registered" (registered trademark). 166MHz refers to the CPU clock frequency, MHz is the abbreviation of MEGA HERTZ. The TM in MMXTM is the story of "Trade Mark", meaning "Registered Trademark".

OOP: Object Oriented Programming, object-oriented programming. The so-called "object" is one or a set of data and a collection of methods and processes that handle these data. Object-oriented programming is completely different from traditional-oriented process programming, which greatly reduces the difficulty of software development, making programming as simple as a wooden programming, is a unstoppable trend of today's computer programming.

28VGA: 28 is the yellow light network point pitch (spacing) on the color display, the smaller the display, the more delicate the image, the better because each image point on the color screen is made from a set of red , Green, blue-ray convergence, due to the technical third beam light, it is not 100% convergence, there is a spacing of a yellow light network, the smaller the interval, the more clear the image displayed on the screen. . VGA is an abbreviation for Video Graphics Array (Video Graphic Array).

FAT: Allocation Table, File Allocation Table, its role is to record how relevant files in the hard disk are dispersed in different sectors.

EPA: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, the US Environmental Protection Department. EPA announced the "Energy Star" program in 1992 and has got a positive response to the international community. Just start the computer, you can see the "Energy Star" sign on the screen for a few seconds. The goal of the Energy Star is to automatically enter the low power state when the components of the computer system are inactive, and when the components are restored (ie, when the keyboard, mouse or the like is used), the computer system automatically returns to the fully clear state. For products that meet the energy star specification, EPA will send the Energy Star logo "EPA Polle Prevent", meaning "The US Environmental Protection Department recognized by anti-pollution energy-saving products". IC card: Intelligent Card, smart card.

ATX: a new computer chassis, motherboard, power supply structure specification.

IDE: Integrated Circuit Equipment or Smart Disk Equipment.

DLL: Dynamic Link Library, Dynamic Link Library.

KB: KILO BYTE, KB represents kilobytes. K = kilo, the composition word ingredient, indicating "thousand; kilometers; kg; km". B = byte, meaning "byte", is the minimum storage unit in the computer (one byte can store an English letter, and one Chinese character can be stored every two bytes).

MB: MEGA BYTE, MB represents megabytes. M = MEGA, the composition word ingredient, indicating "mega; million".

GB: GIGA BYTE, GB indicates a Gigabile byte. G = GIGA, the composition word ingredient, indicating Gigabit; billion.

CAI: Computer-Asced Instruction or Computer-Aided Instruction, computer-aided teaching. It will be the most important and popular teaching means in the twenty-first century.

CAD: Computer-Aided Design, computer-aided design.

ISO: International Standard Organization, International Standardization. ISO launched the ISO 9000 series of international standards on quality management and quality assurance in 1987, issued amended standard in 1994. Among them, the main standards constituting the ISO 9000 series are: 1.ISO 9000-1: 1994 "Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standard - Part 1: Select and Use Guide". 2.ISO 9001: 1994 "Quality System - Design, Development, Production, Installation and Service Quality Assurance Mode". 3.ISO 9002: 1994 "Quality Assurance Mode of Quality System - Final Test and Test".

3DS or 3D Studio: Three Dimension Studio, 3D Photography Room. It is a multi-function three-dimensional animation software launched by US Autodesk, set realistic modeling, static coloring and animation creation, greatly popularizing three-dimensional styling technology. It can exchange graphical information with AutoCAD, using the scanner input graphic, output animation to a TV or video tape through the VGA and the television conversion interface.

VR: Virtual reality, virtual reality, also known as input 3D, the evolution of the Air Force simulation flight device, basically using the principle of the left and right visual space alternately displaying the image, which actually exceeds the category of image processing, It is a computer generated environment of integrated light, sound, and image, and people can interactively operate as objects in virtual environments as in real life, and virtual reality application prospects are extremely broad.

The abbreviation of OCR: Optical Character Recognition refers to inputting a text material into a computer image file through a scanner, using software to identify a Chinese or English internal code, and then perform text processing. Since the randomness of the handwritten is too large, the current OCR is mainly limited to the identification of print text. At present, the highest level of accuracy representative of Chinese OCR is the TH-OCR NT for Windows from Tsinghua Wentong. SCSI: Small Computer System Interface, Small Computer System Interface, which is to address the connection between many external devices and computers.

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer, original device manufacturer.

Microsoft OEM: Microsoft OEM products. It refers to the software operating system pre-installed on the microcomputer, including Windows98, Windows NT, Workstation, Windows3.x, MS-DOS.

Pnp: Plug and Play, plug and play, is an important technical feature of Window98. The so-called plug-and-play means that the operating system automatically sets the system structure when installing peripherals such as PC cards that comply with PNP standards. That is to say, when the user installs new hardware, there is no need to set any jumper switch, nor does it have to use the software configuration interrupt request (IRQ), memory address, or direct memory access (DMA) channel, Windows 98 will notify the application New changes in hardware devices, automatically coordinate the conflicts between IRQ, memory addresses, and DMA channels.

OLE: OBJECT LINKING AND Embedding, object connection and embedding, referred to as OLE technology. OLE is not only a desktop application integration, but also defines and implements a mechanism that allows applications as software "objects" (data set, and operational data) to "connect", this connection mechanism and protocol are called components. The object model (Component Object Model), referred to as COM. OLE can be used to create a composite document, and the composite document contains the creation of different source applications, there are different types of data, so it can combine text, sound, images, forms, etc. together.

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface, Musical Digital Interface. It is one of the basic terms of multimedia. The MIDI file is used as an electronic instrument such as the electronic piano, guitar, saxophone and recording, it can play on most multimedia computer sound cards, even if you don't create your own MIDI file You can also use an existing MIDI file as a background music as a multimedia presentation. The MIDI file is stored only for the description of the sound, relying on the synthesizer (FM or waveform table) of the sound card to generate the true sound of people.

MPEG: It is the abbreviation of Motion Picture Experts Group, the "Motion Image Expert Group", which is a compression code standard for a moving image in a multimedia computer, which is the MPEG standard that people usually say. It includes three parts: MPEG audio, MPEG video, and MPEG systems.

Six, online English

Internet: The Internet, also known as the International Internet for International Net. It was the earliest research plan of the US Department of Defense, which was 1969, the original purpose is only the data sharing of the remote computer, and later developed into each other's computer and computer networks around each other, forming one Unneable super big net. The main service items of the Internet are: E-mail, remote login (Telnet), Query Services, File Transfer (FTP), Document Server (ARCHIVE), Newspaper (USENET), electronic bulletin (BBS ), News Group, World Wide Web (abbreviated is WWW, also known as World Wide Web), etc. BBS: Bulletin board system, bulletin system or electronic bulletin board, also known as Public Access Message System, public access information system. It is an electronic version of an ordinary announcement, and the user can publish a message through the bulletin board, and any user can read the messages on the bulletin board, or send information to a particular person or a group of users. The bulletin system is widely used in communication information, and consult an electronic bulletin is often more fast and effective than using the interactive mailbox or public mail system.

E-mail: Email, this is an interactive service that uses Internet network to exchange text information, the world Internet users can send and receive emails with each other.

Www: World Wide Web Abbreviation, Global Network, Also known as the World Wide Web. It is a hypertext-based information retrieval tool that provides a friendly information query interface, is currently one of the most advanced Internet search tools.

Remote login: Remote login (registration), is an important means of realizing resource sharing in a network environment, using this way, users can connect to any of the world's Internet host.

Http: Hyper Text Transmission Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

IP: IP International Internet Protocol, i.e., internet protocol.

FTP: It is the abbreviation of Transfer Protocol, the file transfer protocol, which is used to transfer files on the Internet. The FTP task is to transfer files from a computer to another computer. People can get a lot of free practical software through FTP.

Gopher: Pronunciation / 'g? Uf? /, English is "Rice"; (US Southern Acupoint) can be edible ". It is a menu-driven information query software in the Internet to automatically convert users. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) or Telnet (standard IP protocol for remote terminal connection) command, under the boot of the menu, users can access the remote information system on the Internet.

Archive: Pronunciation / 'A: KAIV /, "Archives; Archives". The document server in the Internet can automatically access numerous Internet FTP servers, and index files on these servers into a retrieved database.

WAIS: It is a short written, wide-area information server for the Wide Area Information Service. It makes it easy to retrieve on the Internet on the Internet, and information on the remote database can be obtained.

LuisitServ: This is a way to exchange information between users popular users.

IRC: Internet Relay Chat, Internet relay chat. This is a multi-user chat facility that allows multiple users to chat with others in real time through words. Hypertext: Super text. Originally used to represent all hyperlinks, also means text containing "link". This is a non-linear information organization method, text, graphics, and other data can point to (link) other elements as a single element.

Hyperlink: Hyperlink. A "link", a file, a file, a file, a file, a file, a file, or a phrase, and when the user selects the hyperlink, the connected information will be displayed.

HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language, hypertext labeling language. It is invented by the European Particle Laboratory Researcher Tim Bemers Lee, which is a general language of "WWW (Global Network) World". Server and customer browser between "WWW World", communicate with each other; information resources are also described by "performance", HTML can describe the home page and static text. Tens of millions of people in the world are using the HTML language, can say no exaggeration, there is no "www world" without html.

HyperMedia: Super Media. A method based on computer-based utilization text, graphics, animation, sound, and video transfer and display information. The constituent elements of superphones such as these texts can be connected to other files and can be processed as a single object.

Navigator: One of the Internet browser software produced by Netscape Company. Navigator's English means "Navigates, Maritime Explorers", which means that people can use the software to save, advent in the ocean of the Internet network. Navigator can not only browse the World Wide Web (WWW), but also have multiple features such as email (E-mail), file transfer (FTP), remote login (NEWS Group), information browsing (Gopher).

IE: Internet Explorer, Explorer means "explorer".

Unveil the mystery of "cookies"

Do you like a cookie? "Small Sweet" now has "big use".

Now, the Internet browser is stored in a folder inside the computer as a cookies. Cookies is a data card for logging user profiles in the networked user's computer hard drive, information on the computer system and information such as the user's page. A lot of websites in order to understand how many people, what kind of people visited this site, ask for the first time to access their users to enter their own name, address, telephone number, occupation and other personal information, and make these information into a visitor data card Stored on the hard disk of the visitor computer via the visitor's browser, named cookies.txt. This is equal to sending a member card to the initiator. When the user re-enters the site next time, his computer browser will automatically present this membership card, and do not have to enter the site.

Why do you have to name this information card for cookies. No one can make it clear. Some said cookies may stem from overseas Chinese restaurants to leave the guests "Fortune cookies" before leaving the time. This kind of saying is not unreasonable, because the "lucky little biscuit" is opened, there is a small note in it, and there is a printed a printed auspicious words that let the guests have fun. Some also portray the personality characteristics of the guests, for the guests. I want this to be personal information.

There is also a saying that cookies have a relationship with the Magic cookies that appear in computer terms and "Adventures Adventures". Magic cookie can be magically to make Elis to become smaller. When you log in to the website, a program in your computer will increase capacity for Cookie record related information. However, this class does not seem to stand up. Because Alice is going back, if you want to retract back, you must drink things installed in the bottle of "Drink ME" or put the "white rabbit fan" in your hand, and computer terminology cookie There is no corresponding to this. It can be seen that the cookies in the manet cookie and computer terms in the novel episode cannot be completely aligned. To say, "Lucky Small Biscuits" will not be good to bring to online users, because it spars a user's privacy, making people like a slut in the back and feel uneasy. If you want to know what information in your computer records you, open your computer hard disk browser directory? Quot; Small biscuits "file.

Common Internet Glossary (I)

Advanced Digital Network - USUALLY REFERS TO A 56KBPS Leased-Line.

Applet A small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page. Applets differ from full-fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on the local computer, such as files and serial devices (modems, printers, etc. ), Andre Prohibited from CommRoss A NetWork. The Current Rule Is That An Applet CAN Only Make An Internet Connection To The Computer from Which The Applet WAS SENT.

Archie a Tool (Software) for Finding Files Stored ON Anonymous FTP Sites. You need to know the exact file name or a substring of it.

ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) -. The precursor to the Internet Developed in the late 60's and early 70's by the US Department of Defense as an experiment in wide-area-networking that would survive a nuclear war.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - This is the de facto world-wide standard for the code numbers used by computers to represent all the upper and lower-case Latin letters, numbers, punctuation, etc. There are 128 standard ASCII codes each of which can be represented by a 7 digit binary number:. 0000000 through 1111111.Backbone A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network The term is relative as a backbone in a small network will likely Be Much Smaller Than Many Non-Backbone Lines in a large network.

Bandwidth How much stuff you can send through a connection. Usually measured in bits-per-second. A full page of English text is about 16,000 bits. A fast modem can move about 15,000 bits in one second. Full-motion full-screen video Would Require Roughly 10,000,000 Bits-Per-Second, Depending On Compression.

Baud In common usage the baud rate of a modem is how many bits it can send or receive per second Technically, baud is the number of times per second that the carrier signal shifts value -. For example a 1200 bit-per-second modem actually Runs AT 300 BAUD, But It Moves 4 Bits Per baud (4 x 300 = 1200 bits per second).

BBS (Bulletin Board System) - A computerized meeting and announcement system that allows people to carry on discussions, upload and download files, and make announcements without the people being connected to the computer at the same time There are many thousands (millions.? ) of BBS's around the world, most are very small, running on a single IBM clone PC with 1 or 2 phone lines. some are very large and the line between a BBS and a system like CompuServe gets crossed at some point, but it is NOT CLEARLY DRAWN.

Binhex (BINARY Hexadecimal) - A Method for Converting Non-Text Files (Non-ASCII) Into Ascii. This Is Needed Because Internet E-mail Can Only Handle Ascii.bit (Binary Digit) - A Single Digit Number in Base- 2, in Other Words, Either A 1 OR a Zero. The Smallst Unit of Computerized Data. Bandwidth Is Usually Measured In Bits-PER-Second.

BITNET (Because It's Time NETwork (or Because It's There NETwork)) -. A network of educational sites separate from the Internet, but e-mail is freely exchanged between BITNET and the Internet Listservs ?, the most popular form of e-mail Discussion Groups, Originated On BitNet. BitNet Machines Are Usually Mainframes Running The VMS Operating System, and The Network Is Shrinking.

BPS (Bits-Per-Second) - a Measurement of How Fast Data is Movement Of How Fast Data IS Move 3 ONE Place To Another. A 28.8 Modem CAN Move 28,800 Bits Per Second.

Browser a Client Program (Software) That Used to Look At Various Kinds of Internet Resources.

BTW (by the Way) - a Shorthand Appended to a comment Written in an online.

BYTE A SET OF BITS THAT REPRESENT A SINGLE CHE 8 BITS IN A BYTE, SOMETIMES More, Depending On How The Measurement Is Being Made.

Common term online advertising

Page Views: The total number of websites that are browsed by the website. A visitors are likely to create more than a dozen or more PageViews.

Impression: The page of the advertising image is displayed every time, it is an impression.

ClickS (Clicks): Every time visitors visited the web page by clicking this banner, call it once. The number of clicks can objectively accurately reflect the advertising effect.

ClickS Ratio: It is a sign of advertising attractions. If this page has been 10,000, the number of clicks on the webpage is 500 times, then the click rate is 5%.

CPM (COST Per Thousand Impressions) Online ad generates the cost per 1000 advertising impression (display). Visual charges have become a traditional usage of online advertising. At present, each CPM fee is available from $ 20 to $ 80.

Directory allows networks

Almost three years ago, cisco and microsoft annouced the directory enabled network (DEN) initiative, which sought to develop a standard for storing information about network devices, applications and users in a single directory.This directory would bind a user's name and network resource access profile to policies for granting or restricting that access, and delegating bandwidth priorities and privileges.work on standardizing specifications for the directory were handed off to the distributed manage-ment task force (DMTF).

In march, the DMTF announced it had completed work on a new version of the common infor-mation model that facilitates the mapping of the CIM schema into a lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) -compliant directory .CIM defines how to represent network device, System and Application Data IN A Directory SO It Can Be Easily Shared for Den and Enter-Prs Management Purposes.

Customers will make DEN-compliant products a priority once the DMTF makes a little more progress on DEN specifications-such as defining a pollicy schema that would specify data structures for binding directory profiles to network security and quality -of -service (QOS) policies and Products soon flollow.

Perhaps, vendors still have to determine how to use directories to prompt network and applications to configure themselves based on business policies .for example, when a user logs on to a network, the directroy would recognize the user's name, department, location and rank within the company, and bind this information with the user's network access or restriction policies. then the IT infrastructure would configure itself accordingly to enable or disable that a access.One of the killer applications for DEN when it was announced was the ability to link QoS policies To Users Via Dircetories. But Bandwidth Has Become Cheace And More Pasti Years, and That's Made QoS Much Less of An Issue.

Instead of prioritizing bandwidth allocation, users can inexpensively overprovision bandwidth when they need to support delay-sensitive traffic such as voice and video. Also, simple mechanisms such as setting 802.1p bits on ethernet frame or type-of -service bits in IP Headers are enough for lan qos.

Nonetheless, There 's Still A HUGE DEMAND AMONG Enterprise Users For Directories To Enable Self-Configuring Networks Based On Business Policy.

Den for QoS May Still Apply for Wan Applications, Edholm Says. Indeed Cisco Has Made More Strides With Den In The Service Provider Market Than in The Enterprise Arena.

Service Providers Are Looking To Den to Integrate Multivendor Products INTO An Interoperable Operational Support System.

So Despite The Silnece, Progress On Den Is Being The Silnece, Progress On Den Is Being Made and Activty Is Expected to Pick Up Once Standards Become A Little More SolidifFed.

Almost three years ago, Cisco and Microsoft announced a directory allows the Network (DEN) initiative that requires the company to develop a standard for information on network devices, applications, and users in a single directory. This directory will use the user's name and network resource access briefings with policies and arrangements that allow or restrictions to hang hooks. The research work of this target standard specification is handed over to the Distributed Management Task Group (DMTF).

In March this year, DETF announced the completion of the new public information model (CIM) research, this model implements the corresponding directory of the CIM mode mapped to the simple directory access protocol (LDAP), how to represent network devices, systems in the directory And application data, so it is easy to be shared for DEN and enterprise management purposes.

DMTF said that by mapping the CIM mode to the LDAP directory, the user can further combine the directory information with the entire enterprise management system.

Once the DMTF has made more progress on the DEN specification, such as defining a policy model that is tied to the directory profile and network security and service quality (QoS) policy, and the product, customers Products that meet DEN are given priority.

Vendors may have to determine how to use directory to prompt networks and applications to configure themselves in accordance with business policies. For example: When a user logs in to the Internet, the directory will identify the user's name, the department, location, and levels in the company, and bundle this information with the user's network access or restriction policy. The IT infrastructure can then be configured accordingly to implement or do not enable access.

One of the most impactful applications announced by Den is the ability to link QoS policies with users through the catalog, but the band is more cheap and sufficient in the past two years, QoS is no longer a problem.

When the user needs to support delay sensitive traffic, such as sound and video images, they can get a lot of bandwidth cheap, without having to give priority to the bandwidth. At the same time, it is sufficient to set an 802.1p bit on the Ethernet, or a simple mechanism such as a service type bit in the IP header is enough.

However, there is a huge demand for the catalog in the enterprise user to be able to configure the network in accordance with the business policy.

Edholm said: "The DEN that implements QoS can also be applied to the application on wide area online. In fact. Cisco uses DEN to make a greater progress than the business market in the service provider market. Service suppliers are looking forward to doing DEN In more vendor products, becomes an interoperable operational support system.

Although (DEN) is more silent, DEN is making progress, once this standard is more stable, DEN is expected to be active.

New Wireless LAN standard

With portable computers and wireless LANs, users can enjoy greater productivity while away from their desks, whether they are in conference rooms, public areas or remote offices.Until recently, however, wireless LANs were too slow for most enterprise applications.based on the IEEE 802.11 StandDrd, They Ran at 1m to 2M bit / sec.

Now a new high -rate extension to the standard, 802.11b, lets wireless networks support data rates to 11m bit / sec.

Ratified in 1997, the original 802.11 standardunited the wireless industury by defining a low-level protocol architecture that worked with conventional upper-layer enterprise protocol stacks also, 802.11 maintained compatibility with the three most popular radio transmission types:. Direct sequence spread spectrum, frequency -hopping spread spectrum, and infrared.Essentially, this new architecture added intelligence at the medium access control (MAC) layer 2 and at the physical (PHY) layer 1, fosteing cooperation between the two layers in performing the critical tasks involved with initiating and MAINTAING WIRELESS COMMUNI-CATIONS.

For Instance, To Ensure Reliability of The Wireless Link, Mac and Phy Work Together To Determine IF a Clear Path Exists Before The Start a Transmission.

During Transmission, They Employ Special Collision - Avoidance and Arrival-Acknowledgment Techniques That Are Not Required In Wired Ethernet Lans.

in september 1999, the IEEE approved a new designation, known as 802.11.intended to retain the error-correction, security, powermanagement and other advantages of the original, a key ingredient-a thchnique for increasing bandwidth to 11M bit / sec.

Called complementary code keying (CCK) the technique works only in conjunction with the DSSS technology sprcified in the original standard. It does net work with frequency-hopping or infrared transmissions.

What CCK does is apply sophisticated mathematical formulas to the DSSS codes, a permitting the code to represent a greater volume of informitter is now able to send multiple bits of information with each DSSS code, enough to make possible the 11M bit / sec in the original STANDARD.

The 802.11b standard benefits users by delivering wireless ethernet speeds of 11M bit / sec that can reliably support everyday business applications, e-mail, internet and server network access.With support from the new wireless ethernet from the new wireless ethernet compatibility alliance, founded ..................... ..

Finally, The 802.11b Standard Serves As a Clamoring for A Simplified Wireless Lan Landscpape.

Vendors can now focus on a single, high-speed standard, and users can cut through the clutter of wireless options by fovusing on a standard that delivers multibvendor interoperability and the performance to meet their application needs.

With portable and wireless LAN, users can enjoy higher production efficiency when they leave their desk, whether in the conference room, public areas or far offices.

However, the time, the wireless local area network is too slow to most enterprise applications. According to IEEE802.11 standard, they run a speed of 1 megab to 2 megabits / sec.

Now there is a new and higher speed extension of this standard to allow the wireless network to support up to 11 megabits / sec.

The initial 802.11 standard is proposed in 1997 that unite the wireless industry through the low-level protocol architecture that can work with the conventional upper corporate agreement group. 802.11 also maintains compatibility with three most popular radio transmission modes (direct sequential spread spectrum, frequency hopping spreading and infrared).

In essence, this new architecture has increased intelligence in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (second layer) and physical layer (first layer), establishing these two layers between execution and start and keep wireless communication. Collaboration relationships at key tasks.

For example: To ensure the reliability of the wireless connection, the MAC layer and the physical layer work together to determine if there is a clear path before they start transmission.

During transmission, they use wired Ethernet unwanted, special to avoid collisions and reach response technology.

In September 1999, IEEE approved a new name called 802.11b as a high-speed expansion of 802.11. This new 802.11b standard adds a key content in the case of retaining the original standard error correction, security, power management, and other advantages, that is, increase the bandwidth to 11 megabit / sec.

This technology is called complementary code keying (CCK), and he only works with direct sequential spread spectrum (DSSS) techniques specified in the original standard, and cannot work with frequency hopping or infrared transmission.

The work made by CCK is to apply complex mathematical formulas to DSSS code to allow this code to represent more information at each clock cycle. The transmitter now transmits multiple information bits in each DSSS code, enough to implement a data transfer rate per second, not the original standard 2 megabyte / sec. 802.11b standard gives 11 megabits / sec to wireless Ethernet speeds, bringing users to users to reliably support daily business applications, email, Internet, and server network access.

The "Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance" composed of 3COM, Lucent, NOKIA and several other wireless LAN services support new standards, which is also expected to achieve a role in unity of many manufacturers and users.

Now, manufacturers can focus on a single high-speed standard, and users can also give probabilistic interoperability and performance. To meet the standards of their application requirements, solve the problem of choice from a large heap wireless network.

Learn about the Kerberos protocol

kerberos was developed at MIT in 1998s. it was named after the three-headed watchdog in classical Greek mythology that guards the gates to Hades .the name is apt because Kerberos is a three-way process, depending on a thrid-party service called the Key distribution center (KDC) to verify one computer's identity to another and to set up encryption keys for a secure connection between them .basically, kerberos works because each computer shares a secret with the KDC, which has two components: a Kerberos authentication server and a ticket-granting server, it a KDC does not know the requested target server, it refers the authentication transaction to another KDC that does .Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that allows one computer to prove its identity to another across an insecure network through An Exchange of Encrypted Messages. Once Identity Is Verified, Kerberos Provides The Two Computer with Encryption Keys for a Secure Communication Session. Kerberos Authenticates the Iden TITY AND ENCRYPTS THEIR Communications THROUGH Secret-Key Cryptography.

The Kerberos protocol is an agreement to be developed by MIT in the 1980s. Its naming is done according to the Greek mythology, who has three heads of watchdogs who guards the gate. Named is an adjective because Kerberos is a three-way process, according to third-party services called Key Assignment Center (KDC) to verify the computer mutual identity, and establish a key to ensure safe connection between computers. The Kerberos protocol is basically viable because each computer shares a secret, KDC has two components: a Keberos authentication server and an arrest server. If the KDC does not know the requested target server, he helps another KDC to complete the authentication transaction. Kerberos is a network certification protocol that allows a computer to confirm the identity with another computer over the entire non-secure network through exchange encrypted messages. Once the identity is verified, the Kerberos protocol provides a key to these two computers to conduct a secure communication dialogue. Kerberos protocol certification attempts to include the identity of the net user and encrypt the communication between the user by using the key password. Noun explanation: Base Address

Base Address base address:

the part of a two-part memory address that remains constant and provides a reference point from which the location of a byte of data can be calculated. a base address is accompanied by an offset value that is added to the base to determine the exact location (the absolute address) of the information. the concept is similar to a street address system. for example, "2010 main street" plus an offset (10from the beginning of the block) .base address are known as segment address in IBM pcs and .................... ..

Keep a constant two-part memory address and provide a reference point, from which one byte data can be calculated. The base address is accompanied by an exact location (absolute address) with an extension value added to the basis. This concept is similar to the street address system. For example: "No. 2010" is added with offset value (No. 10 starting from the street). Data in the IBMPC and compatible machines are identified according to their relative offset positions starting by the segment.

Common hardware names and equipment names

CPU: Central Processing Unit, central processing unit, also called a central processor or microprocessor, is called the heart of the computer.

Ram: Random Access Memory, Random Memory, "Memory", which is often said.

ROM: Read-Only Memory, read-only memory.

Seagate: USA Haki Hard Disk Manufacturer. Seagate means "portal to the ocean", often refers to the canal of the sea.

QUANTUM: English meaning is "quantitative, total". Famous hard drive trademark, US Quantum Corporation.

Maxtor: "Crystal", USMAXTOR hard drive.

LD: Laser Disk, laser disc, but also known as laser disc.

CD: Compact Disc, compressed CD, also known as laser disc.

CD-ROM: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory, Compressed CD - Read-only Memory (Storage), is also called "read-only CD".

VCD: Video Compact Disc, video compression disc, that is, what people usually say "small video".

Network English vocabulary

BBS: Bulletin board system, bulletin system or electronic bulletin board, also known as Public Access Message System, public access information system. It is an electronic version of an ordinary announcement, and the user can publish a message through the bulletin board, and any user can read the messages on the bulletin board, or send information to a particular person or a group of users. The bulletin system is widely used in communication information, and consult an electronic bulletin is often more fast and effective than using the interactive mailbox or public mail system.

E-mail: Email, this is an interactive service that uses Internet network to exchange text information, the world Internet users can send and receive emails with each other. Www: World Wide Web Abbreviation, Global Network, Also known as the World Wide Web. It is a hypertext-based information retrieval tool that provides a friendly information query interface, is currently one of the most advanced Internet search tools.

Remote login: Remote login (registration), is an important means of realizing resource sharing in a network environment, using this way, users can connect to any of the world's Internet host.

Http: Hyper Text Transmission Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

IP: IP International Internet Protocol, i.e., internet protocol.

LuisitServ: This is a way to exchange information between users popular users.

IRC: Internet Relay Chat, Internet relay chat. This is a multi-user chat facility that allows multiple users to chat with others in real time through words.

Hypertext: Super text. Originally used to represent all hyperlinks, also means text containing "link". This is a non-linear information organization method, text, graphics, and other data can point to (link) other elements as a single element.

Hyperlink: Hyperlink. A "link", a file, a file, a file, a file, a file, a file, or a phrase, and when the user selects the hyperlink, the connected information will be displayed.

Common important computer English and its abbreviations

?? PC: Personal Computer, Personal Computer, PC, also known as microcomputer or microcomputer.

?? NC: Network Computer, Network Computer.

MPC: MultiMedia Personal Computer, multimedia PC.

FAT: Allocation Table, File Allocation Table, its role is to record how relevant files in the hard disk are dispersed in different sectors.

IC card: Intelligent Card, smart card.

ATX: a new computer chassis, motherboard, power supply structure specification.

IDE: Integrated Circuit Equipment or Smart Disk Equipment.

DLL: Dynamic Link Library, Dynamic Link Library. KB: KILO BYTE, KB represents kilobytes. K = kilo, the composition word ingredient, indicating "thousand; kilometers; kg; km". B = byte, meaning "byte", is the minimum storage unit in the computer (one byte can store an English letter, and one Chinese character can be stored every two bytes).

MB: MEGA BYTE, MB represents megabytes. M = MEGA, the composition word ingredient, indicating "mega; million".

GB: GIGA BYTE, GB indicates a Gigabile byte. G = GIGA, the composition word ingredient, indicating Gigabit; billion.

CAI: Computer-Asced Instruction or Computer-Aided Instruction, computer-aided teaching. It will be the most important and popular teaching means in the twenty-first century.

CAD: Computer-Aided Design, computer-aided design.

SCSI: Small Computer System Interface, Small Computer System Interface, which is to address the connection between many external devices and computers.

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer, original device manufacturer.

Microsoft OEM: Microsoft OEM products. It refers to the software operating system pre-installed on the microcomputer, including Windows98, Windows NT, Workstation, Windows3.x, MS-DOS.

MIS: Management Information System, Management Information System. It is widely used in all walks of life, and the most famous management information system in China has "Wang Shi MIS", "Jacob MIS", "Quick Mis". Pnp: Plug and Play, plug and play, is an important technical feature of Window98. The so-called plug-and-play means that the operating system automatically sets the system structure when installing peripherals such as PC cards that comply with PNP standards. That is to say, when the user installs new hardware, there is no need to set any jumper switch, nor does it have to use the software configuration interrupt request (IRQ), memory address, or direct memory access (DMA) channel, Windows 98 will notify the application New changes in hardware devices, automatically coordinate the conflicts between IRQ, memory addresses, and DMA channels.

World famous software product introduction

?? DOS: Disk Operating System, Disk Operating System. Referring to DOS, as long as people who have a little computer knowledge will understand it. The main function of DOS is to manage the hardware and software resources of the computer, so that users can operate the computer. Using DOS operating the computer, you need users to remember a lot of commands and their correct formats, more difficult to learn. The emergence of Windows (Microsoft Window Operating System) marks the end of the DOS era, the graphics operates the computer era.

Windows: In the General English Dictionary, I found that Windows means "Windows". WINDOW refers to the famous "Window Operating System" of Microsoft's famous computer. It implements the control of the computer by selecting some graphic icon (ICON), Window and Menu, etc., and greatly facilitates users. Windows Windows Operating System Series has Windows 3.1, Windows 3.2, Windows 95 (because the product is in 1995, which is called Windows 95, can also be written into Win95.PWindows 95 refers to the Chinese version of Windows 95), and more powerful The latest products are Windows 98 and Windows 2000, and the like. Windows 95 is one of the most famous, most popular graphical operating systems.

Windows NT: Microsoft's famous network window operating system. NT is the abbreviation of New Technology. OS / 2 WARP: OPERATING SYSTEM (operating system). It is an IBM's excellent pure 32-bit operating system, and it can also provide complete DOS support, which is more superior to Windows 95, which is a powerful competitor of Windows 95. WARP in OS / 2 WARP, English meaning is "Bending; distort", here refers to IBM's alias for its new generation operating system OS / 2. WARP is a scientific geek in the famous American Science Fiction Movie "Star Wars", which compares the software as the science of the "Star Wars", which gives people a feeling of unresponsiveness, and hopes that users will move the "Star Wars". Go to OS / 2 software.

UNIX: A multi-user operating system.

UCDOS: Beijing hopes that a Chinese disk operation integrated system developed by computer companies is the most popular Chinese platform in the current number of people.

Word 97: Word is meaning "word" in English. Word 97 refers to Microsoft Advanced Text Processing Software. Its series of products also has Word 5.0, Word 6.0, Word 7.0, etc.

Nu: It is the abbreviation of Norton UnTilities. Norton is a famous computer expert Norton, Utility English means "utility", which refers to Personal Computer Tools software written by Mr. Norton to solve the DOS system. It can be seen as a personal computer tool software set with its complex form. NU is a powerful and popular computer maintenance tool after PCTools. Ordinary users can use the most famous tool NDD (Norton Disk Doctor Norton disk doctor) to solve most of the disk problems; professionals can use the operational flexible, powerful Diskedit to solve professional data maintenance issues. CSC: Clever Software Corporation, "Smart Software". This is a computer tutor software developed by Beijing Colona Education Software Company.

Symbol @ 是 @ 中文 @

That Little "a" with a circle curling invols is most commit in email address to as the "at" Symbol. Lowercase letters A plus a circle, this symbol often appears in the email address, It is usually a marker as "AT".

Surprisingly Though, There is no official, universal name for this sign. Thereree dozens of strange terms to described is that this marker actually does not have official, universal names. There are dozens of strange terms to depict @ this symbol.

Before it became the standard symbol for electronic mail, the @ symbol was used to represent the cost or weight of something. For instance, if you purchased 6 apples, you might write it as 6 apples @ $ 1.10 each. @ This symbol became Before the standard symbol of the email, it was used to represent the unit price or quality of the item. For example, you buy 6 apples. You can write "six apples, each @ $ 1.10, indicating $ 1.10 per apple.

With the introduction of e-mail came the popularity of the @ symbol. The @ symbol or the "at sign" separates a person's online user name from his mail server address. For instance, joe@uselessknowledge.com. Its widespread use on the Internet made it necessary to put this symbol on keyboards in other countries that have never seen or used the symbol before. as a result, there is really no official name for this symbol. with the use of e-mail, the @ symbol increasingly The more popular. Symbol @ or 'at' tags will be separated from the server address of the Internet user with its mail. For example: joe@uslessknowledge.com. This symbol is widely used on the Internet that makes many countries that have never seen any or have used it to add this symbol key on their computer keyboard, and the result is no real official name. The actual origin of the @ symbol remains an enigma. The exact origin of @ symbol is still a mystery.

History tells us that the @ symbol stemmed from the tired hands of the medieval monks. During the Middle Ages before the invention of printing presses, every letter of a word had to be painstakingly transcribed by hand for each copy of a published book. The monks that performed these long, tedious copying duties looked for ways to reduce the number of individual strokes per word for common words. Although the word "at" is quite short to begin with, it was a common enough word in texts and documents that medieval monks Thought IT Would Be Quicker and Easier To Shorten The Word "At" Even more. as a result, the monks looped the "t" around the "a" and create it "a circle-eliminating two strokes of the pen. History tells us @ This symbol originated from the middle of the medieval monk fatigue. In the Middle Ages, the printing machine has not been invented. To publish a book, every letter of each word has to be engraved with handmade. The monks engaged in this long time, and the monks who wrote the portrait will begin to find a way to reduce the number of commonly used words. Although the word "AT" began to write very short, it appeared frequently in text and documents. The medieval monks think that if you can further simplify it, you can write more easily. As a result, the monks draw a circle around A, which saves two strokes of the letters "T".

To know in the end what is multimedia The answer is neither simple nor easy. Multimedia is the combination of computer and video technology. Multimedia really just two media sound and pictures, or in today's term, audio and video. Multimedia itself has its binary aspects. As with all modern technologies, it is made from a mix of hardware and software, machine and ideas. More importantly, you can conceptually divide technology and function of multimedia into control systems and information. The enabling force behind multimedia is digital technology. Multimedia represents the convergence of digital control and digital media --- the PC as the digital control system and the digital media being today's most advanced form of audio and video storage and transmission. In fact, some people see multimedia simply as the marriage of PCs and video. PC Power Has Reached a Level Close To That Needing for Procession Television and Sound Data Streets in Real Time, MultiMedia Was Born. Multimedia Pc Needs to Be More Powerful Than Mai nstream computer --- at least the multimedia PC defines the mainstream. Among contemporary PCs, about the only things that separate an ordinary computer from multimedia are a soundboard and a CD- ROM driver. The CD serves as multimedia 's chief storage and exchange medium. Without the convenient CD, the PC industry would lack a means of distributing the hundreds of megabytes of audio, visual, and textual data that make up today's multimedia titles. Without CD, you could not buy multimedia because publishers have no way of Getting it to you.

So what is multimedia By now you should agree that multimedia is not any one thing but a complex entity that involves the many things:?. Hardware, software, and the interface where they meet But we've forgotten the most important thing that multimedia involves:.. you Yeah, sure With multimedia, you don 't have to be a passive recipient you can control you can interact you can make it do what you want it to do It means you can tailor a multimedia presentation.... to your own needs. you can cut through the chaff and dig directly into the important data in a report, pull together reports and video clips from around the world that interest you. that's the strength of multimedia and what distinguishes it from traditional media like books And Television.What Does MultiMedia Do? IT Presents Information, Shares Ideas and Elicits Emotions. It Enables you to See, Hear, Andrerstand The wishts of Others. In Other Words, IT IS A Form of Communication.

It is not so easy to answer this question. Multimedia is a combination of computer and video technology, in fact it is two media; sounds and images, or with the current terms: audio and TV. Multimedia itself has two aspects, like all modern technology, which consists of hardware and software, or machines and ideas. Multimedia technology and functions can be distinguished into control systems and information conceptually. The reason why multimedia can rely on digital technology. Multimedia represents the converge of digital control and digital media, the computer is a digital control system, and the digital media is the most advanced storage and propagation form of audio and video today. In fact, someone simply believes that multimedia is a combination of computers and television. The ability of the computer reaches the level of real-time handling TV and sound data stream, and the multimedia is born. Multimedia Computers need to have stronger than mainstream computers, and multimedia computers determine the development of mainstream computers. The main thing that distinguishes ordinary computers and multimedia computers is sound cards and read-only optical drives. The disc is the main storage and exchange of multimedia. Without this convenient disc, the computer industry cannot sell a few hundred megabytes of audio, visual and text messages constituting the multimedia program, and you cannot buy multimedia.

Can now answer what multimedia. It is not just a thing, but includes a complex combination of many things: hardware, software, and both interfaces. No, we have forgotten a most important thing. Multimedia also includes you. Cough, that is! For multimedia, you are no longer a passive viewer, you can control, you can interact, let it make it in your needs. In a report, you can directly enter important data regardless of those useless things, you can collect compilation of the world's report and the picture collected together. This is the difference between multimedia and its difference from traditional media (such as books and television). What can multimedia can do? It shows information, exchange ideas and emotions. It lets you see, hear and understand other people's thoughts. That is, it is a way of communication.

Common Computer English Vocabulary Explanation (1)

Access ARM head arm, access arm Access Time Access Time Adder adder Address Address ALPHANUMERIC alphabetical ANALOG Computer Analog Computer Analysis AREA Area Array Array, Array Assembler Assembler Automation Automation BANARY BATCH PROCESSING Batch Binary Code Binary Code binary Digit binary position, binary digital bit bits, binary brat branch, branch brush brush buffer storage buffer memory Calculator calculator CALL INSTRUCTION Call instruction Card Punch Card Perlender CARD READER card reader, card reader Cell Unit Channel Channel, Channel Character Character Check Digit Check, Clear Code Code Code Code Code Code Coder Coder, Code Coder Coder, Encoder Command Command, Command Compiler Compile Computer Language Computer Language Console Console Control Unit Control Component, Controller Core Storage, Core Store Cell Memory Counter Counter CYBERNETICS Control CYCLE Cycles Data Data Data Processing Data Processing Data Data Data DIGIT Digital, Digital, Bit DIGITAL COMPUTER Digital Computer DISC, Disk Display Unit Display Device Drum Magnetic Drum TO Edit Editing Electronics Emitter Transmitter TO ENCODE Code TO ERASE Erase, Cleaning, Erasing Feed Feed, Supply To Feed Feed, Supply FEEDBACK Feedback Field Field, Information Group, Domain File File FLOPPY DIS Soft Disk Floppy Disk Drive Soft magnetic Machine frame plate frame flowchart flow chart hardware hardware identifier index index identifier information within the information processing inline processing instruction input query input inquiry command interpretation integrated circuit IC to interpret item projects, items jump key transfer key, the keyboard key keyboard latency time waiting time

Common Computer English Word Explanation (2)

Library library, library LINKAGE Connection To LOAD load, registration, write, load Location storage unit Logger register, logger loop loop MACHINE LANGUAGE MAGNetic Tape MATRIX Matrix Memory Memory Message Information, Message Microcomputer Micro Computers Module Components, Module Monitor Monitor, Supervise Procedure, Delivery Nanosecond, NetWork Network, Numeric, Numeric digital, value OcTet eight-bit group, eight byte Operator operator Optical Character reader output unit outputs the optical scanner optical scanner overflow overflows, the overflow panel plate parameter parameter parameter perforator piercer peripheral equipment peripherals, external personal computer apparatus PC printer printer printed circuit printed wiring printout processing to process printout processing unit processing means program program programming programmer to program programmer programming programming, programming pulse pulse perforated punch to punch perforation punched card, punch card punch card punched tape, punch tape perforated paper tape punch hole hole, perforation random access random access to read Reading Reader Reader Reading Read Real Time Record, Register Record Redundancy Redundant Routine Routine Selector Selector, Select Sentinel Mark Sequence Sequence, Sequent Sequential Sequence Serial Serial Serial, Continuous SHIFT Shift, Migra Sig NAL Signal SIMULATION Simulation Simulator Simulator, Simulation Software Software, Software Sort Classification, Sort Sorter Classizers, Classification Machine, Classizer, Sort Project Storage Memory To Store Switch SUBROUTINE, SUBPROGRAM Subplit Switch Switch Symbol Symbolic Language Symbol Language SYSTEM System Tabulator Table Machine TELEPRINTER TERMINAL TERMINAL UNIT Terminal Timer Clock, Precision Timer Time Sharing Time Timing Timing TRACK Tag Time Timing Timing TRACK TRANSDUCER STU, Translation Machine Translator Translator, Translator To Update Update Winchester Disk Drive Winchester Disk machine, hard drive Working Storage work memory related terms related to server

C2C: card-to-card interleaving, card-to-card interval CC-NUMA: (Cache-Coherent Non Uniform Memory Access, Connecting Uniform Memory Address) Chrp (Common Hardware Reference Platform, Shared Hardware Platform, IBM is PowerPC Formulated standards, compatible with Mac OS, Windows NT, Solaris, OS / 2, Linux, and AIX, etc.) EMP: Emergency Management Port, Emergency Management Port ICMB: Inter-Chassis Management Bus, Internal Management Bus MPP Massive Parallel Processing, MUX: DATA PATH MULTIPLEXOR, Multiple Path Data Access SOS (Server Operating Systems, Server Operating System) TPS: Transactions Per Second, Tensation Matters UPA: Ultra Port Architecture, Super Port Abbreviations with common computer language

CSS: Cascading Style Sheets, stacked format table DCD: Document Content Description for XML: XML file Description DTD: Document Type Definition, document type definition HTML (HyperText Markup Language, HTML) JVM: Java Virtual Machine, Java Virtual Machine OJI: open Java VM Interface, an open JAVA virtual machine Interface SGML: standard Generalized Markup language, standard Generalized Markup language SMIL: synchronous multimedia integrate language (synchronized multimedia integration language) VRML: virtual reality Makeup language, virtual reality structured language VXML (Voice EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE, Voice Extension Markup Language) XML: Extensible Markup Language XSL: EXTENSIBLE STYEET LANGUAGE (Extensible Design Language)

Understand various terms of computer networks

ASL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, Asymmetric Digital Subscription Lines AH: Authentication Header, Identification File AMR (Audio / Modem Riser, Sound / Data Motherboard Additional Delicious Card) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol, Address Resolution) ATM (Asynchronous Transfer mode, ATM) BOD (Bandwidth On Demand, a bandwidth elastic use) CBR (Committed burst rate, Committed burst rate) CCIRN: coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networking, intercontinental Research network coordinating Committee CCM (Call control Manager, dial control management) CDSL: consumer digital Subscriber line (consumer digital subscribe line) CGI (common gateway Interface, common gateway Interface) CIEA: commercial Internet Exchange Association, Association of commercial Internet transactions CIR (Committed Infomation rate, committed information rate) CTS (Clear to Send, Clear Send) DBS-PC: Direct Broadcast Satellite PC (Artificial Satellite Direct Broadcasting PC) DCE: Data Circuit Terminal Equipment, Data Communication Device DES: Data Encryption Standard, Data Encryption Standard DMT: Discrete Multi - Tone, no continuous Base Frequency Mode DNS (Domain Name System, Domain Name System) DTE: DATA TERMINAL EQUIPMENT, Data Terminal Equipment EBR (Excess Burst Rate, Excess Burning Rate) ESP: Encapsulating security payload, compression security payload FDM: Frequency Division Multi, frequency separation flow-control flow control fric: fede RAL Research Internet Coordinating Committee, Federal Investigation Internet Coordination Committee FTP (File Transfer Protocol, File Transfer Protocol) Ghost: (General Hardware Oriented System Transfer) HDSL: High Bit Rate DSL, High Bit Rate Digital Subscription Line HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol, Internet Information Control Protocol) IETF (

Internet Engineering Task Framework, Internet Engineering Task Group) IKE: Internet Key Exchange, Internet Key Exchange Protocol IMAP4: Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4, Fourth Edition Internet Information Access Protocol Internet (Internet) IP (Internet Protocol, internet protocol) ISDN (integrated service digital network, integrated services digital network) ISOC: Internet Society, the Internet Association of ISP (Internet service Provider, Internet service Provider) LAN (Local Area network, Local Area network) LDAP: lightweight directory access protocol, lightweight directory access protocol LOM (LAN-on-Montherboard) IAB: Internet Activities Board, Internet working Committee IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Engineering work to promote L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling protocol, the secondary channel protocol) LMDS: Local Multipoint Distributed System, local and more point distributed systems MIME: multipurpose Internet Mail extension, multipurpose Internet Mail extensions protocol MNP: Microcom Networking ProtocalMODEM (Modulator Demodulator, a modem) NAT (network address Translation, network address translation) NC (network computer, network computer) NDS: Novell Directory Service, Novell Directory Service NNTP: Network News Transfer Protocol, Network News Transport Protocol MSN: Microsoft Network, Microsoft Network OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, right angle frequency part multiplex) P3P (Privacy Preference Project, Personal Privacy Safety Platform) PDS: PUBLIC DIRECTORY S Upport, public directory support PGP: Pretty Good Privacy, Excellent Secret Privacy PICS: Platform for Internet Content Selection, Internet Content Selection Platform POF: Polymer Optical Fiber, Polymeric Fiber Pop3: Post Office Protocol Version 3, Third Edition Edition E-mail Protocol PPTP : Point to Point Tunneling Protocol, Point-to-Point Channel Protocol Radsl: Rate Adaptive DSL, Rate Adaptive Digital Subscription Line RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

RDF: Resource Description Framework, Resource Description Framework RSA (Rivest Shamir Adlemen, An Internet Encryption and Authentication System) RTS (Request To Send, Requirements) SIS: Switch Internetworking Services S / MIME: Secure Mime , Safe multi-purpose Internet mail extension protocol SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) SKIP: Simple Key Exchange Internet Protocol, Internet Simple Key Exchange Protocol SUA (Single User Account, single user account) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol, Transmission Control Protocol) UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter, Universal Asynchronous Receive / Transmitting Device) ULS: User Location Service, User Location Services vod: Video on Demand, Video on-demand VPN: Virtual Private Network, virtual LAN WWW (World Wide Web, World Wire, is part of the Internet) Basic Words related to computer communication

Computer communication technology seems to be mysterious in most people, and it will feel that although we are enjoying the various convenience and services to us every day, do not understand their basic concepts. Some of the most basic concepts about computer communications, please pay attention to master.

CTI: Computer Telephone Integration, computer telephone integration technology DBS: Direct Broadcast Satellite, direct satellite broadcasting DWDM: Dense WaveLength Division Multiplex, wavelength multiplexing technology-intensive MMDS: Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service, multi-band multi-point distribution service PCM: Pulse Code Modulation , pulse code modulation PSTN (public switched telephone network, public switched telephone network) TAPI: telephony application Programming Interface, telephony application Programming Interface TSAPI: telephony services application Programming Interface, telephony application Interface WDM: WaveLength division multiplex, wavelength division multiplexing Reputation

Understand major computer organizations in the world

Since the first computer, the first computer in the last century has been invented, with the rapid expansion of computer technology, the rapid expansion of application areas, various computer organizations are constantly generated, and we do a simple column.

CBF: Cable Broadband Forum, cable Broadband Forum CEMA (Consumer Electronics Manufacturing Association (Consumer Electronics Manufacturers Association) CPE: Customer Premise Equipment (predetermined by the user equipment) CSA: Canadian Standards Association (Canadian Standards Association) DCA: Defense Communication Agency, Defense DOJ: DEPARTMENT OF Justice DSP: Delivery Service Partner DVB: DIGITAL VIDEO BROADCASTING, Digital Video Broadcasting, Digital Video Broadcast E3: Electronic Entertainment EXPO, Electronic Entertainment Exhibition EFF: Electronic Frontier Foundation (Electronic Front Foundation) EPA (Environmental Protection Agency, US Environmental Protection Agency) FCC: Federal Communications Commism (Federal Communication Board) FTC: Federal Trade Commission, Federal Business Commission GDC (Game Developer Conference, Game Developer) ISSCC (International Solid-State circuits Conference, international transistor circuit Symposium) ICSA: international computer security Association (international computer security Association), which was formerly known as NCSA (national computer security Association, national computer security Association) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Electronic Circuit Engineer Association) IFWP: International Forum White Paper, International White Paper Forum ISO / MPEG: International Standard Organization's Moving Picture Expert Group (International Group of International Organizations) ITAA: Information Technology Associ ation of American, American Information Technology Association MAC (Mobile Advisory Council) MCSP: Microsoft Certified Solution Providers, Microsoft Certified Solution Provider MJPEG (Motion Joint Photographic Experts Group, a mobile continuous Picture Experts Group) MMA: MIDI Manufacturer Association (MIDI Manufacturing Business Alliance) NCTA: National Cable Television Association, US Cable TV Association NIA: Networking Interoperative Alliance (Network Interoperability Alliance) Nbitd

National Board for Industrual and Technical Development, the Swedish National Collections of Industrial and Technical Development Committee to develop) OAAF: Open Arcade Architecture Forum, an open forum OEM Arcade System (Original Equipment Manufacturer, original equipment manufacturers) OIF: Optical Internetworking Forum, fiber optic interconnection network Forum RIAA (Recording industry Association of America, RIAA) RIO: Redistributed Internet Object (Internet assigned) SIA (The semiconductor industries Association, the semiconductor industry Association) SPA: software Publishers Association, the software Publishers Association TSOWU (The Swedish office worker's union, Confederation of Swedish office staff, to develop a standard known TCO) UAWG: universal ADSL working group (universal ADSL working group) UCAID: University Corporation for Advanced Internet DevelopmentUL: Underwriters laboratories Inc. (new products promise Lab) VAR: Value Added Resellers W3C (World Wide Web Consortium, World Wide Web Consisher) WHQL (Microsoft Windows Hardware Quality Lab, Microsoft Windows Hardware Quality Lab) Winhec: Windows Hardware Engineering Conference, Windows Hardware Engineering Conference

Here are the names of a more famous computer-producer in the world, everyone may wish to see.

Ali: Acer Lab (Acer Lab) ASF: Applied Science FictionAMD: Advanced Micro Device (Advanced Micro Devices) AMI: American Megatrends IncorporatedEAR (Extreme Audio Reality) HP: Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett-Packard Company IBM: International Business Machine, International Business Machine IDG (International Data Group, International Data Group) IMS: International Meta Systemmle: Microsoft Learning and Entertainment, Microsoft Teaching & Entertainment Ms (Microsoft, Microsoft) NAI: NetWork Associates Incorporation, formerly McAfee. NS (National Semiconductor, National Semiconductor) PMI: Pacific Magtron InternationalSCE (sony computer entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment) SGI: Silicon GraphicsSiS: Silicon Integrated Systems, Integrated Systems wafer UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation, Taiwan's United Microelectronics Corp., Semiconductor Manufacturer) WD (Western Digital, Western Data) ZD (Ziff-Davis Publishing Company) Learn about computer floppy drive

The following is the vocabulary of the computer floppy drive, if you don't know much about the floppy drive, please refer to the following words.

AAT (AVERAGE Access Time, Average Access Time) ABS (Auto Balance System, Automatic Balance System) ASMO (Advanced Storage MagneTo-Optical, Enhancement Optical Memory) AST (Average SEEK TIME) ATA (at attachment, AT extension) Atomm (Advanced Super Thin-Layer And High-Output Metal Media, Enhanced Ultra-thin High Speed Metal Media) BPS (Bit Per Second, Bit / Second) CAM (Common Access Model, Public Access Model) CSS (Common) Command Set, General Instructions, Direct Memory Access, Direct Memory Accommount DVD (Digital Video Disk, Digital Video CD) EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics, Enhanced Electronic Integrated Drive) Fat (File Allocation Tables, File Allocation Table FDBM (Fluid Dynamic Bearing Motors, Liquid Bearing Motors) FDC (Floppy Disk Controller HIFD (High-Capacity Flopp, High Capacity Flop) IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics, Electronic Integrated Drive) LBA (Logical Block Addressing, Logic Block Address) MTBF (Mean Time Before Failure, Average Fault Time) Pio (PROGRAMMED INPUT OUTPUT, Programmable Input Output) PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood, maximum possible partial reactions, used to improve disk read / write transmission rate) RPM (Rotation Per Minute, Rub / Er) RSD: Removable Storage Device SCSI (Small Computer Sy) STEM Interface, Small Computer System Interfaces SCMA: SCSI Configured Auto Magically, SCSI Auto Configuration S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology,

Automatic Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) SPS (SHOCK Protection System, Seismic Protection System) STA (SCSI Trade Association, SCSI Association) Ultra DMA (Ultra Direct Memory Access, Ultra High Speed Direct Memory) LVD (Low Voltage DiffERENTIAL) Seagate Hard Disk Technology Discwizard DST (Drive Self Test, Disk Self-Time Program) Seashield (Anti-Static Anti - collision Housing) and CD-ROM-related vocabulary ATAPI (ATTachment Packet Interface BCF (Boot Catalog File, Starting Directory) BIF ( Boot Image File, Start Image File) CDR (CD Recordable, Recordable CD) CD-ROM / XA (CD-ROM Extended Architecture) CDRW (CD-REWRITABLE, Repeatible Burn CD) CLV (Constant Linear velocity, constant line speed) DAE (Double Dynamic Suspension System, Double Suspension Dynamic Shock Degree) DDSS II (Double Dynamic Suspension System II, Second Generation Double Power Suspension System ) PCAV (Part Constant Angular Velocity, Part Constant angle speed) VCD (Video CD, Video CD)

Memory, it is not mysterious

If you are a installed enthusiast, you will definitely spend great effort to choose a stable performance, reasonable memory. But maybe you know about memory information, just something very surface. If you can familiarize with the words below, I believe that memory is no longer mysterious to you.

ABP: Address Bit PermuTing, Address Bit Sequence Change ATC (Access Time From Clock, Clock Access Time) BSRAM (Burst Pipelined Synchronous Static RAM, Burst Pipe Synchronous Static Memory) CAS (Column Address Strobe, Column Address Controller) CCT (Clock Cycle Time, Clock Cycle) DB: DEEP BUFFER DDR SDR SDR SDRAM (Double Date Rate, Double Division SDRAM) DIL (DUAL-in-line) DIMM (DUAL IN-LINE) DIMM (DUAL IN-LINE MEMORY MODULES, Double Inline Memory module) DRAM (dynamic random Access memory, dynamic random Access memory) DRDRAM (direct RAMbus DRAM, Rambus direct RAM) ECC (error checking and correction, error correction check) EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable read only memory) FM: Flash MEMORY FMD ROM (Fluorescent Material Read Only Memory, Fluoresident Ready Memory) Pirom: Processor Information ROM, Processor Information Rompledm: Phase-State Low Electron (Hole) --Number Drive Memoryqbm (Quad Band Memory, Quadruple Bravel (Rambus ASIC Cell, Rambus Integrated Circuit Unit) RDRAM (Rambus Direct Ram, Direct Rambusram) RIMM (Rambus In-line memory modules, Rambus Embedded Memory Module) SDR SDRAM (SINGLE DATE RATE, Single Data Rate SDRAM) SGRAM (SMALL OUTLINE DUAL IN-LINE MEMORY MODULES, Small Double Inline Memory Module SPD (Serial Presence Detec T, serial presence check) SRAM (Static Random Access Memory, Static Random Memory) SSTL-2 (Thin Small Outline Packages, Ultra Small Package) USWV (UncaCheable, Speculative, Write-Combining Buffer randomly mixed)

VCMA (Virtual Channel Memory Architecture, Virtual Channel Memory Structure) Sound Card Analysis

Last time we briefly introduced the professional vocabulary of the graphics card to the PC Game player. Today, let's take a look at the terms related to computer sound card, professional computer music enthusiasts must pay attention to it.

3DPA (3D Positional Audio, 3D Position Audio) AC (AUDIO CODEC, Audio Multimedia Digital Signal Codec) AUXILIARY INPUT CS (Channel Separation, Sound Separation) DS3D (Direct Street 3D Streams) DSD (Direct Stream Digital) , Direct Digital Signal Stream) DSL (Downloadable Sample, Download Sampling "DLS-2 (Downloadable Sounds Level 2, Second Generation Download Sound) EX (Environmental Audio Extensions, Environmental Surveying Technology) Extended Stereo (Extension Stereo) FM (FREQUENCY MODULATION, FETE IMPULSE RESPONSE, Fin Promotion Response) FR (Frequency Response, Frequency Response) FSE (Frequency Shifter Effect, Frequency Conversion Effect) HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function, Head Association Transfer ) IID (Interaural intensity difference, both sound intensity difference) IIR (infinite impulse response, the response advance infinite) interactive Around-sound (interactive surround sound) interactive 3D Audio (interactive 3D sound) ITD (Interaural Time difference, both Sound Time Delayed Differences) MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface (Musical Digital Interface) NDA: NON-DWORD-ALIGNED, Non DWORD Arrangement RAW PCM: Raw Pulse Code Moduted RMA: RealMedia Architecture (Real Media Architecture) RTSP : Real Time Streaming Protocol SACD (Super Audio CD, Super Music CD) SNR (Signal To Noise Ratio, Sign Noise) S / PDIF (Sony / Phillips Digital Interface, Sony / Philips Digital Interface) SRS : Sound Retrieval S YSTEM (Sound Repair System) Surround Sound Super Intelligent Sound ASIC (Super Smart Audio Integrated Circuit) THD N (Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise, Total Harmonic Distortion) QEM (

Qsound Environmental Modeling, QSound Environment Construction Temperator Group) WG (Wave Guide, Waveguide Synthesis) WT (Wave Table, Wave Storage Synthesis) Computer Display Vocabulary Daquan

Speaking of personal computers, people naturally think of it consisting of a monopoly, a host, and some basic peripherals. So, how much is your understanding of the display? Learn about the following words will have a great help to you understand the monitor.

ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASC (Auto-Sizing and Centering, Auto Sanda Screen Size and Center Location) ASC (Anti Static Coatings, Anti-Static Coating) AGAS (Anti Glare Anti Static Coatings, Defense Strong light, anti-static coating) BLA: Bearn Landing Area (Electron beam) BMC (Black Matrix Screen, Super Black Matrix Screen) CRC: CYCLICAL Redundancy Check (Cathode Ray Tube, Cathode Ramer DDC: DISPLAY DATA CHANNEL, Display Data Channel Dec (Direct Etching Coatings, Surface Etching Coating) DFL (Dynamic Focus Lens, Dynamic Focus) DFS (Digital Flex Scan, Digital Scanning) DIC: DIGITAL Image Control (Digital Image Control) DIGITAL MULTISCAN II (Digital Light Processing, Digital Light Processing) DOSD: DIGITAL ON Screen Display DPMS (Display Power Management Signalling, Show Energy Management Signal) Dot Pitch ) DQL (Dynamic Quadrapole Lens, Dynamic Signal Processing, Digital Signal) EFEAL (Extended Field Elliptical Aperture Lens, Extended Field Elliptic Aperture) FRC: Frame Rate Control HVD (High) HVD (HIGH Voltage Differential, High Differential Differential) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD) LCOS: Liquid Crystal On Silicon (Light Emitting Diode, Optical Secondary Tube) L-SAGIC (Low Power-Small Aperture G1 Wiht Impregnated Cathode, low voltage aperture cathode tube) LVD (Low VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL, Low Differences) LVDS: Low Voltage DiffERENTIAL SIGNAL (Multi Astigmatism Lens System, Multi-Radiation Optical Focus System) MDA (Monochrome Adapter, Monochrome) MS: Magnetic Sensors

Magnetic field sensor) POROUS TUNGSTEN RSDS: Reduced Swing Differential Signal SC (Screen Coatings, Screen Coating) SINGLE Ended SHADOW MASK (Timeing Detection) TDT (Timeing Detection Tible, data measurement table) TiCrg: Tungsten Impregnated Cathode Ray Gun (Tungsten Transmitted Crossing Ram) TFT (Thin Film Transistor, Thin Film Transistor) VAGP: Variable Aperature Grille Pitch (variable) Spacing Grating) VBI: Vertical Blanking Interval (Vertical White Gap) VDT (Video Display Terminals, Video Display Terminal) VRR: Vertical Refresh Rate Socoon Analysis

Qsound Environmental Modeling, QSound Environment Construction Temperator Group) WG (Wave Guide, Wave Guide Synthesis) WT (Wave Table, Wave Storage Synthesis) Computer Words Related to CPU

3DNOW! (3D NO WAITI) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit) AGU (Address Generation Units, Address Matter) BGA (Ball Grid Array, Spherical Matrix) BHT (Branch Prediction Table, Branch Prediction Table) BPU ( Branch Processing Unit, Branch Processing Unit) BRACH PEDICTION (Branch Prediction) CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Completed Metal Oxide Semiconductor CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing, Complex Command Set Computer) CLK (CLOCK CYCLE, Clock Cycle) COB (Cache ON Board, Board Integrated Cache) COD (Cache On Die, Cache) CPGA (Ceramic Pin Grid Array) CPU (Center Processing Unit, Central Processor) Data Forwarding Decode (Decodel) DIB (Dual Independent Bus, Dual Radio) EC (Embedded Controller, Embedded Controller) Embedded Chips (Embedded) EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Code, Parallel Instruction Code) Fadd (FLOATIONG POINT Addition, floating point plus FCPGA (Flip Chip Pin Grid Array) FDIV (FLOATIONG POINT DIVIDE, floating point) FEMMS: Fast Entry / EXIT MULTIMEDIA State, fast access / exit multimedia status FFT (Fast Fourier Transform, fast and hot Ohm conversion) FID (FID: FREQUENCY IDENTIFY, FRE INTFY) FIFO (First Input First Output, First Infine Queue) FLIP-CHIP (Floating Point Operations Per Second, Floating Point Operation / Second) Fmul FLOATIONG POINT MULTIPLICATION, floating point multiplication) FPU (Float Point U NIT, floating point operation unit) FSUB (FloationG Point Subtraction, floating point) GVPP (Generic Visual Perception Processor, General Vision Processor)

HL-PBGA: Surface adhesive, high heat resistant, lightweight plastic spherical matrix package IA (Intel Architecture, Intel Architecture) ICU (Instruction Control Unit, Command Control Unit) ID: Identify, Identification Number IDF (Intel Developer Forum, Intel Developer Forum) IEU (integer execution units, an integer execution unit) IMM: Intel mobile module, Intel mobile module instructions cache, instruction cache instruction Coloring (command classification) IPC (instructions Per clock cycle, the instruction / clock cycle) ISA (instruction set architecture, Instruction Formation Architecture) KNI (Katmai New Instructions, Katmai New Command Set, SSE) Little (Lightning Data Transport, Lightning Data Transfer Bus) Local Interconnect (Modified, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid) : Modify, exclude, sharing, discarding) MMX (MultiMedia Extensions, Multimedia Extension Instruction Set) MFLOPS (Million Floationg Point / Second, Million Hertz, Million Hertz, Magga) MHz Hertz) MP (Multi-Processing, Multiprocessor Architecture) MSRS (MODEL-Specific Registers) MSRS (Model-Specific Registers, Special Module) NAOC (No-Account overclock, invalid overclocking) Ni: non-Intel, Non-Intel Olga (Organic Land Grid Array, Substrate Raster Array) OOO (Out of ORDER, Distress) PGA: PIN-Grid Array (Pin Grid Array), Power Power POST-RISCPR (Performance Rate, Performance Ratio ) PSN (Processor Serial Numbers, processor serial number) PIB (Processor In A Box, Boxing Processor) PPGA (Plastic PIN Grid Array, Plastic Needle Matrix Package) PQFP (Plastic Quad Flat Package, Plastic Square Platic Package) RAW (Read After Write, Write) Register Contention

Grab the register) Register Pressure Register Renaming Remark (Split Frequency Religable) Resource Contention Retirement RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing, Dictionary Set Computer) Sec: Single Edge Connector, unilateral connector Shallow-Trench isolation SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) SiO2F (Fluorided Silicon Oxide, Dioxide) SMI (System Management Interrupt, System Management Interrupt) SMM (System Management Mode, System Management Mode) SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing, Symmetric Multiple Processing Architecture) SOI: Silicon-On-Insulator, Insulator Wilbone SONC (System ON A CHIP, System Integrated Chip) Spec (System Performance Evaluation Corporation, System Performance Evaluation Test) SQRT (Square Root Calculation, Square Root Calculation) SSE (Streaming SIMD EXTENSIONS, Single Instruction Multi-Branch Extension) SuperScalar (Overview Architecture) TCP: Tape Carrier Package (Film Package), Heat THROUGHPUT Throughput) TLB (Translate Look Side Buffers) USWC (UncaCheabled Speculative Write Combination) VALU (Vector Arithmetic Logic Unit, Vector Arithmetic Logic Unit) VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word, Super LONG Long instruction word) VPU (Vector Permutate Unit, vector arrangement unit) VPU (Vector Processing Units, Vector Processing Unit, That is, how do you know the computer motherboard?

When you use your computer easily, do you know your motherboard? Don't worry, after learning the following vocabulary, you will have a preliminary understanding of the computer's motherboard.

AdiM (Advanced Dual In-Line Memory Modules, Advance Double Inclusive) AMR (Audio / Modem Riser; Sound / Modem Motherboard Additional Dredger) AHA (Accelerated Hub Architecture, Acceleration Center Architecture) ASK IR (Amplitude Shift Keyed INFRA-Red, Long waveform removable input infrared) ATX: AT Extend / Output System, Basic Input / Output System, Basic Input / Output Systems, Assignment Spaces, DB: Device Bay, Space, Basic Input / Output System, CASE (BASIC INPUT / OUTPUT System) DB: Device Bay, equipment bays DMI (Desktop management Interface, Desktop management Interface) EB (expansion bus, expansion bus) EISA (enhanced industry standard architecture, enhance shaped industry standard architecture) EMI (electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic interference) ESCD (extended System Configuration Data, may Extended System Configuration Data) FBC (FRME BUFFER CACHE, Frame Buff Covers) FireWire (FireWire, That is, IEEE1394) FSB: Front Side Bus, Front Bus, External Bus FWH (Firmware Hub, Firmware Center) GMCH (Graphics & Memory Controller HUB, Graphics and Memory Control Center) GPIS (General Purpose INPUTS, Normal Operation Input) ICH (Input / Output Controller Hub, Input / Output Control Center) IR (Infrared Ray, Infrared) Irda (Infrared Ray, infrared communication interface can perform local area network Access and file sharing) ISA: Industry Standard Architecture, Industrial Standard Architecture ISA (Instruction Set Architecture, Industrial Settings Architecture) MDC (Mobile Daughter Card, Mobile Subs) MRH-R (Memory Repeater Hub, Memory Data Processing Center) MRH -S (SDRAM REPEATER HUB, SDRAM Data Processing Center) MTH (Memory Trans FER HUB, Memory Conversion Center) NGIO (Next Generation Input / Output, New Generation Input / Output) P64H (64-bit PCI Controller Hub, 64-bit PCI Control Center) PCB (Printed Circuit Board,

A printed circuit board) PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly, printed circuit board assembly) PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect, Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI SIG (Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group, Peripheral Component Interconnect professional group) POST (Power On Self Test, Power-up self-test) RNG (Random Number Generator, Random Digital Generator) RTC: Real Time Clock (KeyBroad Control, Keyboard Controller) SAP (Sideband Address Port, Belt Address Port) SBA (Side Band) Addressing, Belt Addressing SMA: Share Memory Architecture, Shared Memory Structure STD (SUSPEND TO DISK, Disk Wake-up) SVR: Switch Voltage Regulator (Universal Serial Bus) USB (Universal Serial Bus) USB (universal serial bus) , Unified serial bus) USDM (Unified System Diagnostic Manager, Unified System Monitoring Manager) VID (Voltage Identification Definition, Voltage Recognition) VRM (Voltage Regulator Module, Voltage Adjustment Module) ZIF: Zero Insertion Force, Zero Ports Motherboard Technology GigabyteAcops: Automatic CPU Overheat Prevention System (CPU Overheat Prevention System) SIV: System Information Viewer (System Information Observation) 英 ESDJ (Easy Setting Dual Jumper, Simplified CPU Double Jumper Method) Hout UPT (USB, PANEL, LINK, TV- OUT Quadrigaged Interface) Chipset ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, Advanced Configuration and Power Management) AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port, Graphics Acceleration Interface) I / O (Input / Output, Input / Output) MIOC: Memory and I / O Br IDGE Controller, Memory and I / O Bridge Controller NBC: North Bridge Chip PIIX: PCI ISA / IDE Accelerator (Accelerator) PSE36: Page Size Extension 36-Bit, 36-bit page Size Extension Mode PXB: PCI Expander Bridge , PCI Enhanced Bridge RCG: Ras / Cas Generator, Ras / Cas Generator SBC: South Bridge Chip (Nanqiao Chip)

SMB: System Management Bus SPD (Serial Presence Detect, Memory Internal Serial Device) SSB: Super South Bridge, Super South Bridge Chip TDP: Triton Data Path TSC: Triton System Controller (System Control The purpose of the development of ISDN for QUAD Port Acceleration

Summary:

• PSTN is Enable To Support Data & Picture Services.

............... ..

Subscriber Is Not Convient To Apply and Use.

· SO, A Communication Network Which Can Support Voice, Data and Picture etc At Same Time Are Required, ISDN NetWork Is Just That One.

ISDN Developments in China:

. In.

· Before 1995, ISDN WAS Developed Slowly In China, IT WAS Mainly in A Trial Run Period.

................... ..

· Shanghai Opened Local ISDN in 1996, The Target of 10,000 Lines Would Be Reached This Year.

· Beijing Official Or Opened Local ISDN Oct, 14,1997.

Nanjing, Shenyang, Hunan, HEILONGJIANG, HUNAN, SHANDONG ETC, The Main Province and cities of the whole country is going to open isdn services to society this year.

· Shenyang Is Going to Open ISDN Service To Society on Aug 1,1997, Detail Destinations Are 2386, 2383, 2484, 2389, The Other District Will Be Opened on Sep, 30.

· ON Nov, 1997, MPT Convented Isdn General Mobilization to Total P & T in Beijing.

· MPT Drawn Up The Main Target of Next Three Years To Increase Isdn With Intelligent Network.

· Defined ATM As The Central Network of 169 Project, ISDN As It's General Frame Structure of Access Network.

Defined The Target of Infiltration Rate of Isdn Line in The Range of Whole Country This Year 1% for Local Telephone Lines. About ISDN Basic Concept

ISDN IS Constructed to an INTEGRATED Service Digital Network on The Present Foundation of Local Telephone Networks:

ISDN is able to provide subscriber with voice, data, picture, fax and each type integrated services.Morever, it could realize? "One unit connects more, three units occupies one line" one pair of telephone lines can connect to more different type terminals (max 8), each terminals can be communicated simultaneously (max 3), terminal types include: ISDN router, terminal adapter ,, ISDN video telephone, digital telephone, G4 fax; other special terminal equipments are with ISDN interfaces.

Basic Rate: Total IS 2B 128kbps Wideband, RJ45 Interface.

PRIMARY RATE: 30B D Channel, 2Mbps Wideband, RJ45 or BNC Interface.

B Channel: Basic Channel, 64kbps; D Channel: Control Channel, 16kbps.

WHERE DID XML COME FROM?

XML IS A Simplified Version of SGML and a coup of html. It w3c and realaged as a recommendation by the w3c in february 1998.

SGML, the parent of XML, is an international standard that has been in use as a markup language primarily for technical documentation and government applications since the early 1980s It was developed to standardize the production process for large document sets Think:.. Medical records. .................

Marking-up documents in SGML allows information to be passed from one system to the next without losing information. With databases marked-up in SGML you can see what Widget A is all about and go check to see if Widget A is in stock.

Early on, people thought that SGML would be useful for the Web. In fact, HTML is really an very basic application of SGML! But HTML quickly became used for visual layout, so a group of people returned to the basics, determined to create something . that had the strengths of SGML without being so difficult to implement - and had the ease of use of HTML, but with more structural power The result was XML.The design goals of XML, taken from the XML Specification are:

XML shall be straightforwardly usable over the Internet. XML shall support a wide variety of applications. XML shall be compatible with SGML. It shall be easy to write programs which process XML documents. The number of optional features in XML is to be kept to the absolute minimum, ideally zero. XML documents should be human-legible and reasonably clear. The XML design should be prepared quickly. The design of XML shall be formal and concise. XML documents shall be easy to create. Terseness in XML markup is of minimal IMPORTANCE.

In Other Words, XML IS Easy to Create, Easy To Read, And Designed for Use Over the Internet. What More Could A Web Designer Ask?

What is xml?

XML IS A WAY OF ADING Intelligence to Your Documents. It lets you identify each element using meaningful tags and it lets you add information.

XML IS VERY MUCH A Part of The Future Of Web, And Part of The Future for All Electronic Information.

XML IS A SYNTAX for Marking Up Data And It Works with Many Other Technologies To Display and Process Information. It looks and felings very much like html.

XML isn't going to replace everything else you've already Learned; IT Complements It and Extends IT.

Xml isn't going to change the way your Web pages look. You'll STRETS - To Define Font Colors or JavaScript (Again, with XML) To make your images fly . around Yet XML will change the way you and others read documents and it will change the way documents are filed and stored It's a new technology and you certainly do not need to use it in order to build a great Web site -. but You Will Want To Be Aware of It As You Look At The Web of The Future.client / Server Concepts

A Client Computer Initiates a Server Computer Waits To Reply, Kind of Like a Person WHO WAITS To Answer The Phone So You Can Make Airline RESERVATIONS.

A Client Program CAN Be Directed by a human being (at a screen, keyboard, and mouse), or it can run automaticly.

A server is a program that knows a protocol for communication (see below), but often does not know much about networking - it just exchanges bytes of information with the client, a back-and-forth conversation that might be human-readable ASCII, OR Binary Code; Kind of Like When You Call Someone To Make A Reservation, And The Phone System Works, Just How To Use The Telephone To Talk with you.

It's entirely possible for the client and server programs to be on the same computer, as well as on two different computers connected by a network. The client / server model blurs the boundaries between computers, to where "the network IS the computer."

Once a virtual connection is established between a client and server, the two systems are peers, but the client / server asymmetry usually continues through the protocol; just like when you're done dialing someone, it does not matter much who placed the call , you can talk to each other as equals, though quite often the caller and the callee have very different roles. (With phone calls the caller usually pays for any long distance charges, but there's usually no equivalent in network connections.) Plan your trip onlineWhile traveling through cyberspace can be exciting, it's no substitute for an adventure in the real world. That's where the Web can really help you research destinations, organize your itinerary, and book reservations. Whether it's a weekend getaway or a safari, look to the Internet to save you Time (no more trees and maps) And Money (Discounts Abound ON Airfares and "). How do you start? Here's out-by-step approach:

1.RESEARCH A DESTINATION

Where would you like to go? One option is to use a search engine to find information about choice destinations. If you choose to go this route, use a directory like Yahoo! Why? Because it lists websites in categories, so you can easily find Listings of Mexican Resorts, for example.

Another approach ispeusing the websites of travel publications. Begin your Journey At:

FODORS LONELY Planet Concierge

For Detailed Information About Foreign Locales, You Can't Beat The Cia World Factbook. For Worldwide Travel Advisories, Visit The U.S. State Department Website.

2.Plan your ITINERARY

Once you know where you want to go, it's time to get specific. What are the sights to see? What events will be happening? Where are the best places to eat? Answers to these questions await you online.Let's say you will be spending a week in British Columbia and want to sample the local cuisine. Some of the websites listed above may have articles about Vancouver and Victoria restaurants. But most newspapers have dining sections, so go to the website of the local paper (try NewsDirectory.com to Locate Them, And Search ITS Archive.

Another Strategy Is To ask Jeeves, The Friendly Search Engine, WHERE to Find Restaurant Listings. He Will Reply with some tasty recommendations.

As You Plan your trip, hopping from link to link, you are bound to stumble on all Kinds of gems. Bookmark The Pages So you can easy return to the.

3.Get a MAP

Whether you need a street map, country map or even driving instructions, you can probably find it somewhere - for free The CIA World Factbook is a good source for maps of countries and regions For city guides, try.:.

MapQuest mapblast

5.Money

What's The Local Currency? How much is The Dollar or Pound Worth in France? To Convert Currency and Find Out Local Exchange Rates, Visit Oanda.

4.MAKING RESERVATIONS

Most Major Airlines and Hotel Chains Have Their Own Websites, SO if you have a favorite, Start There to check for availability, prices, and to make reservations.

A number of websites do it all:. Planes tickets, vacation packages, cruises, accommodations, car rental - the works Before you can make reservations, however, you need to to open an account with the site Among the giants of Internet travel. ARE:

Expedia TravelTravelocity Trip.com

6.Saving Money

Register with many airline websites to receive e-mail alerts when bargain fares to destinations you specify become available. Some airlines now offer discounted Internet-only fares, as do many hotels. It's worth hunting for these special deals.7.Learn Some Lingo

IT Never Hurts to Know At Least A Few Words of The Local Language. For Some Pointers, Visit Traveng, Foreign Languages for Travelers. If You Want To Take A Free Online Language Course, Try Parlo.

TOP TEN TIPS

In the future you will be able to instantly access websites. You will have a cyber-assistant to scour the Net, delivering data right to your digital doorstep. At least that's the promise. But most of us are still a long way from that reality . Yet there are ways to minimize the frustration of going online. After all, life is much too short to spend precious time waiting for web pages to download, or hunting for information on dozens of sites. In the interest of making Web surfing a more Satisfying Experience, We Offer Ten TIPS:

View sites in text-only mode by turning off the graphics.Sure, web designers spend a great amount of time creating wonderful graphics, but it can take quite a while to download large graphic files. To speed things up, turn off the images in Your Web Browser.

With Internet Explorer 5.0, Under The Tools Menu, Select Internet Options, Then Click The Advanced Tab. Now Uncheck Show Pictures.

Thoughtful designers will include something called an ALT tag, which is a written description of the image. If you want to see a particular image, click on the tag with your right mouse button and select View Image. For Mac users, just hold down the mouse button over the graphic. you can also click the Image button in Navigator to load all the images.Use the Stop button.When you access a website, what you are actually doing is downloading a set of digital files. you can see how the download is progressing if you look at the status bar located in the lower left hand corner of your web browser. If you get tired of waiting, click the Stop button to view the files that have already been downloaded. Then you can decide if you want To Continue. if you do, Click the reload or refresh button.

Increase your cache.Files you download are stored in a cache (pronounced like "cash") on your hard drive. That way when you return to a site, you do not have to download the files again, just access them from your cache . After a while though, the cache becomes full. Your web browser automatically deletes old files as you continue to surf the Web. But if you visit many of the same sites regularly, you can speed up access by caching more of them. to do this, increase the size of your cache. 10 Mb is optimal. If you use Netscape Navigator 4.0, under the Edit menu, choose Preferences, then click on Advanced. Now click on Cache. In the appropriate box, increase the cache size.

With Explorer 5.0, Under The Tools Menu, Select Internet Options. Next, On The General Tab, Click ON Settings. Use the slider to increase the cache.

Save keystrokes by using Bookmarks or Favorites.Web addresses or URLs can be unwieldy. Worse, if you type it wrong, you will get an error message. To avoid these problems, save the addresses of sites you want to revisit. For details on how to do this, read the Bookmarks article.Use the Find feature of your web browser.Once you've downloaded a document, the Find button can quickly locate a particular term in which you are interested. Why take the time to scroll through the entire Document?

Pick two search engines and learn how they work.The difficulty of finding specific information is by far the biggest complaint we hear. Although dozens of search engines are available, pick two, then take the time to learn them well. For more on searches read Searching The Web. In Case You're Intested, Our Favorites Are Yahoo! And Altavista.

Choose your own home page.Both Netscape and Microsoft set their websites as the default home page when you launch your web browser. But if you like to begin your surfing by reading a daily newspaper or better yet, Learn the Net, why not start there First A New Home Page.

Open a new window.While you are downloading one web page, you can actually access another site by opening a second browser window. With Navigator, go to the File menu and choose New Web Browser. With Explorer, select New Window from the File menu A Word of Caution: Alth You Can Open Multiple Windows, this Will Slow Down Your Computer, So n't Go overboard. Also, Remember To Close The Additional Windows To Free Up Disk Space.

Surf during off-peak hours.Most commuters experience rush hour, when highways bog down with traffic. The same phenomenon happens on the Internet, usually in the late afternoon and early evening, when people log on to check e-mail, chat and play games. If you want to avoid the slowdown, go online in the morning or late at night, when traffic is lighter.Get a faster connection.If you are still using a 28.8 Kbps modem, it's time to upgrade. Most people these days access The Web At Twice That Speed. New ModeMs Offer Access AT 56 Kbps (Kilobits Per Second). Before You Upgrade, HoWever, Make Sure your Internet Service Provider supports 56 kbps modems.

For the impatient, the good news is that many companies are investing large sums of money to solve the problem of slow Internet access. Exotic technologies such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and cable modems promise enormous bandwidth. Will It EVER Be ENOUGH? WHO KNOWS? Until Then, Happy Surfing.

Auction Online

Every day, beanie babies, Depression glassware, and thousands of other items change hands via online auctions. EBay has been the darling of bargain hunters, as well as Wall Street investors. But hundreds of other sites now offer auctions as well. Unlike buying treasures In The Real World, However, E-Auctions Pose Some Unique Risks. To Prevent Rip-Offs, Proceed With Caution.

How Auction Sites WorkAs with online stores, the exact procedure varies by site, so make sure you understand the site's policy before you begin. In general, to participate, both sellers and buyers must register with the site. Sellers typically pay a flat fee or a percentage of the final sales price to list merchandise Buyers pay the sellers directly and also pay the shipping costs Auctions are usually time-based, meaning that the highest qualified bid at the end of the predetermined period -.. say a week-- wins the item. Of course, as a buyer, you can not actually see what you are bidding on. The best you can hope for is a full description and a photo. you must trust that it's accurate and that you receive your purchase in ... the stated condition That's where the potential for fraud is greatest Typically, auction sites claim no liability, although some do provide limited guarantees So it's up to you to be a smart consumer Here's how:. Avoiding Auction Fraud Read the auction site's policy CA refully before you bid. Contact the seller directly and question him or her about the merchandise. Get the seller's vital information, including name, address and phone number. Check the auction site to see if there is any negative postings about the seller. If possible ,.

Note: Auction: n. Auction V. Auction Shopping Cart: Shopping Basket Delivery: V. Delivery, Delivery, Delivery MYRIAD: Adj. Countless, Various Assistance: n. Needs, help vital: adj. Major, necessary SCAM: n. Tricks Skeptical: adj. Suspect

Online Learning

Would you like to hone (*) your professional skills from the comfort of your home or get a college degree without setting foot on campus? Sound too good to be true? There are now thousands of online classes available on the World Wide Web and that Number Will Soon Mushroom (*) INTO TENS OF THOUSANDS.

For decades (*), students have turned to distance learning to further their educational goals. From correspondence (*) courses to tele-classes, distance learning has served the needs of people who can not physically attend classes. With the explosion of information technology and .

A New Kind of Education

Online learning, also known as Web-based training or WBT, makes it possible to deliver instructional content to via your personal computer the World Wide Web. You access a website, where you will find most, if not all of the materials you need- -a course outline and lessons, information about the instructor (if there is one), lecture notes, a list of activities, tests, and inks to other online resources. In some cases, additional materials may be required, such as textbooks or videotapes . Some WBT class are self-paced, others are led by an instructor Most are what is known as asynchronous (*) classes -. you study at your convenience - although there may be a period of time in which you must complete the Course.

WBT Offers a Number of Advantages over Classroom-Based Instruction:

Take a class anywhere. Learn at home or at the office, because you only need a computer and Internet access. Take a class anytime. Access material 24 hours a day, seven days a week. You decide when to attend. Take courses according to your own schedule and pace. Lower costs. Eliminate (*) travel, parking, childcare and all the other costs of physically attending a class. Instant feedback (*). Tests can be graded and returned to you within seconds. Access to the latest materials. Instructors can easily update teaching materials as new information becomes available. Most textbooks are out-of-date (*) before they are even printed. An interactive (*) learning environment. Online technologies enable interaction with other students and course instructors. Online learning has disadvantages too, the main one being that students work in isolation To overcome this problem, many WBT classes incorporate features that invite student participation and collaboration (*) including:. E-mail for s ubmitting homework and communicating with the instructor and other students. Message boards where students can post messages relating to class content and group activities. Chat rooms, audio conferencing and videoconferencing for real-time conversation. Screen-sharing, which allows students to see what an Instructor Demonstrates On His Or Her Computer Screen. Class Websites for Posting of Charts, Graphics, Links To Other Resources, ETC.

Not all classes require student participation. Most use only a few of the features just discussed. Since education on demand is so new, course providers are trying to figure out what works best. And since people learn in different ways, classes vary in style. with self-paced classes, you study the course material and possibly take some online quizzes (*). Either no instructor is involved, or there may be a "teaching assistant" who can answer questions via e-mail. Because little human intervention is required, enrollment (*) is open to any number of students and you can begin the course as soon as you register.Instructor-led classes are more demanding, often requiring that you submit homework assignments, meet online periodically with other students enrolled in the class, and participate in real-time class discussions with an instructor. These types of classes generally limit enrollment (perhaps to under 50 students) and have a start and end date. Upon completion of a class you may receiv E a grade. Classes offered by universities Typically Follow this model.

Subjects and prices vary eNormously (*), Ranging from Accounting to Zoology; Some Classes Are Free, While Others Cost Hundreds of Dollars.

? Is Online Learning for You Typically, online classes are targeted (*) to working adults -. People who want to get an advanced degree or acquire new skills for their jobs, but do not have time to regularly attend classes Classes are open to anyone, but you may need some prerequisites (*) before you can enroll in certain courses. The requirements are usually listed along with class descriptions. Online learning works best for people who are self-motivated, enjoy working alone at their computer and feel Comfortable Using Technology. Beyond That, It's Just One of Those Things You Have to Try. Note:

Hone: Mooded; mushing with sharpening mushroom: vi. Rapid growth, rapid increase, mushroom decade: decade Correspondence: n. Correspondence, communication, letter Asynchronou: Nothing, asynchronous Eliminate: vt. exclude, eliminate V. Remove Feedback: Post-off, feedback, reacture: Interactive CollaBoration: Collaboration Quizzes: Veter's Enrollment: Register, Register ENORMOSLY: Very Land, Great Targeted: n. Target, Object, Target Prerequisites: privilege

Shopping online

E-commerce has become a fact of modern life, with millions of people now regularly shopping from the convenience of their computers. Many retailers, from Abercrombie to Z Gallery, have websites where you can purchase products online, including flowers, pet food, and Tonight's dinner. Why this expedition? Shopping Online CAN Save Time and Money, And People Are More Willing To Give Out Their Credit Card Numbers as Online Security Has Improved.

Let's say you are looking for a bestselling novel. You can comparison shop to find the best price, order the book, and arrange to have it shipped to you overnight. The whole transaction can be done in minutes, saving a trip to the store. Better yet, you may pay less than 50% of the cover price and no sales tax.How To Buy OnlineWhile every site is a bit different, you will find many similarities. Most sites are like electronic catalogs (1). you browse for merchandise in various categories or search for specific items. Once you find something you want to buy, you add it to your electronic "shopping cart (2)," and continue shopping. When you're done, you review the contents of your cart, deciding whether you want to purchase all of them, or just a few. your purchases are then totaled. Now it's time to check out. to buy the items you selected, you fill out a form, providing information such as your name, e- Mail Address, Shipping Information, and Credit Card Number. Usually, You Are Advised H OW Long It Will Take for Delivery (3). Some Sites E-Mail You An ORDER Confirmation Along With A Tracking Number.

Within this general procedure, there are myriad (4) variations. Some sites, like computer e-stores, will build a computer to your specifications. At certain apparel sites, you can "try on" clothes using a virtual model. Many sites have customer service representatives who you can e-mail or chat with in real time, should you need assistance (5). Since customer service has become as vital (6) to online shopping as it has in the real world, expect to see a greater emphasis on making e-commerce a more shopper-friendly experience.There are too many shopping sites to begin to list them here. Start with LTN stores, online merchants that have our endorsement. If you are looking for a particular store, brand, or TYPE OF PRODUCT, USE A Search Engine to Find The Right Site.

Avoid Scams (7) Shop with businesses you already know and trust. Pay by credit card for the same protection you have when shopping in the real world. Do not send your credit card number by e-mail. Be skeptical (8) of deals that appear too good to be true. They probably are. Check the shipping costs, which could make the total purchase price more than what you would pay in a retail store. Print a copy of your order for your records.

Note: catalogs: n. Catalog, directory, catalog, catalog, catalog, Delivery: v. Delivery, delivery, delivery Myriad: adj. Countless, all kinds of assistance: n. Need, help vital: adj. , Significant, necessary SCAM: n. Tricks Skeptical: adj. Suspect

WEB CHAT

Would you like to join a virtual * party without leaving the comfort of your desktop? With web chat you can communicate in real time with people all around the world. In most cases, you do not need any special software, just your web browser . (For the best results, however, we recommend * that you use at least version 4.0 or later releases of Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer.) For many years, subscribers to America Online and other commercial online services were able to participate in chat sessions. Now it's possible to join chats offered by hundreds of websites as well. Actually, the word "chat" may be somewhat misleading, because you are not really talking to anyone, just typing and reading text messages that participants write. Once you enter A chat room, Which is really just a web page what runs special Software, you can choose to Just Read the Exchanges, Known As Lurking *, or you can join in by Posting your owned message.

Many chat rooms focus the conversation on specific topics, such as health, politics, football and so on. That way, people with similar interests can find one another. Sometimes chat sessions can lead to truly stimulating exchanges, but they are just as likely to be a waste of time. you should also be aware that some chat rooms are adult in nature. Exchanges can be sexually oriented, so parents take note. None of this should stop you from trying this electronic interaction. It can be a lot of fun AND the price is certinly Right - Generally It's Free - So there's Little To Lose.

A New Personality The first step is to locate a chat room that interests you. At the end of this article are some good places to start. Once you are on the website, you will usually be asked to register. You are free to use your real name, but many people make up a name. Not only does it conceal * your identity, offering you some privacy, but it lets you assume a new identity. It can be similar to role playing, where you can be anyone you want. Therein lies some of the fun, but be aware that other people may be living out their fantasies * online as well. Wild Bill might be a teenage girl. you should also know that if you do not sign-in with a name, you may be assigned the default name Anonymous *. With this moniker *, others in the chat room may avoid you or worse, tease you mercilessly.After you choose your chat persona, you may also be able to select an image to represent you. These Graphics, Known AS Avatars, Can Be Anything from a frog to a prince or princess. Althought Communicating O nline lacks the nuances * we get when talking face-to-face, these friendly graphics can personalize the experience in a small way, and certainly break the monotony of a text-only screen. Once you are equipped with name and possibly an avatar, Click The Enter Button and Follow The Instructions to Choose a room.

Join the Party Once inside, you will probably find yourself in the middle of a conversation. Take a few minutes to get the gist * of the exchange. There's no harm in lurking for a while before you join in. In fact it's not uncommon for chat rooms to have many more lurkers than participants. As the interaction continues, new postings appear at the top or bottom of the list. Once you feel confident enough to participate in the discussion, just type your message in the blank box at the bottom of your screen and click the Talk button or hit the Enter or Return key on your keyboard. Soon your message will be posted in the chat room and people may respond.The same rules of behavior apply in chat rooms as they do to other online communications, So Be Sure To Review The ARTICLE ON Netiquette to Avoid Offending Anyone. To minimize the Amount of Typing, People Offen Use Emoticons * And Abbreviations.

If you want, you can make a general posting to everyone in the chat room, expounding your views. But just like in the real world, you can also address your comments to a specific person. "Hey, Wild Bill, I had just the opposite experience... "Although everyone can read your message, it's clear that it's intended for a particular individual. Some chat rooms let you have private conversations by clicking on the name of a participant.

While web chats can offer an engaging * experience, proceed with caution. Use common sense. Remember that all your postings are public. Even if it appears that there is only one other person in a room, others can be lurking. Do not give . out personal information to strangers you meet online - certainly not your address, phone number or credit card account Having said that, it's time to start chatting Notes: virtual: adj virtual, virtual recommend: vt recommendation to introduce... Participate Lurking: (New User) "Laters" (on the USENET as a bystander, do not participate in discussion) CONCEAL: VT. Hide, concealed, concealed V. Concealed Fantasies: Dream, Fantasy Anonymous: adj. Anonymous Moniker: n. name Nickname Nuances: n. Small, tumor, nodule, point, residual, residual root Gist: NN points, to the emoticons: symbol consisting of characters, also known as Smiley, synthesized by Emotion and ICONS ENGAGING: Adj. Movable, attractive, charming A Home (page) of Your Own

In the 60s, people asked about your astrological * sign. In the 90s, they want to know your URL. These days, having a web address is almost as important as a street address. Your website is an electronic meeting place for your family, friends and potentially *, millions of people around the world. Building your digital domain can be easier than you may think. Best of all, you may not have to spend a cent. The Web brims with all kinds of free services, from tools to Help you build your site, to free graphics, animation and site hosting. All it takes is some time and creativity.

Think of your home page as the starting point of your website. Like the table of contents of a book or magazine, the home page is the front door. Your site can have one or more pages, depending on how you design it. If there is not a lot of information just yet, your site will most likely have only a home page. But the site is sure to grow over time.While web pages vary dramatically * in their design and content, most use a traditional magazine layout. At The Top of the page is a banner graphic. Next Comees a Greeting and a short description of the site. Pictures, text, and links to other websites follow.

If the site has more than one page, there's typically a list of items - similar to an index - often with a brief description The items in the list link to other pages on the website Sometimes these links are highlighted words in the.. Body of the text. It can also becombination of Both. Additionally, A Web Page May Haves That Link to Other Content.

Before you start building your site, do some planning Think about whom the site is for and what you want to say Next, gather up the material that you want to put on the site:.. Write the copy, scan the photos, design or Find The Graphics. Draw A Rough Layout on a Sheet of Paper.

While there is no rubes you have to follow, there a few strings to keep in mind:

Start simply. If you are too ambitious at the beginning, you may never get the site off the ground. You can always add to your site. Less is better. Most people do not like to read a lot of text online. Break it into small chunks. use restraint. Although you can use wild colors and images for the background of your pages, make sure your visitors will be able to read the text easily. Smaller is better. Most people connect to the Internet with a modem. Since it can take a long time to download large image files, keep the file sizes small. Have the rights. do not put any material on your site unless you are sure you can do it legally. Read Learn the Net's copyright article for more about this. Stake your ClaimNow it's time to roll up your sleeves and start building. Learn the Net Communities provides tools to help you build your site, free web hosting, and a community of other homesteaders.

Your Internet Service Provider May Include Free Web Hosting Services with an account, one alternative to consider.

Note: Astrology: Potentially: Potential DramAtical: Dramatically: Dramatics, Capital CHUNK: Block

Bookmarks and favorites

With millions of websites and more coming online daily, you will undoubtedly find ones you want to revisit. Bookmarks or Favorites save the addresses of your favorite sites so you can return to them quickly, without having to retype the addresses. Whether you are using Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer, The Procedure Is Similar.

Once you find a site you want to save, go to the Bookmarks or Favorites menu or click on its icon and select Add. When you click on the icon again, the title of the web page you recorded will appear at the bottom of the list To Revisit A Bookmarked Website, Just Double-Click ON It.putting your links in Order

Soon You Will Discover That You've got dozens of bookmarks. It's now time to Organize the introom *.

If you use Internet Explorer 5.0, click on the Favorites button on the toolbar to open the Favorites window. Now select Organize Favorites *. Click on the folder icon to create a new folder, then name it. We suggest organizing your bookmarks in folders by Subjects *, Such As Food, Travel, News, Sports, etc. NOW Click on Each Favorite ONCE, HOLD DOWN Your Left Mouse Key and Drag The Appropriate Favorite Into The Subject Folder.

If you use Navigator 4.0 or a later release *, click on the Bookmarks icon to view all your bookmarks. Under the File menu, select New Folder. In the Name box, type in a name for the folder, then click on OK. Now Return to your list of bookmarks, Click Once ON One To Highlight It, Then Drag It Into The Appropriate Subject-Related Folder. Repeat The Process for the Other Topics and Bookmarks.

Sometimes the names of the bookmarks are not descriptive, so you may want to alter them. With Navigator, select the bookmark you want to change by clicking on it once. Go to the Edit menu and choose Bookmark Properties. Now type in the new Name and click ok.

With Explorer, Open The Favorites Window, The Click ON Organize Favorites. After The Dialog Box Opens, Click on The Favorites You Want To change. Next, click You Can Type a new name.

Note: Folder: Folder Organize Favorites: Satisfaction Favorites Subject: Theme Release: Version Decoding Error Messages

As you surf the Net, you will undoubtedly find that at times you can not access certain websites. Why, you make wonder? Error messages attempt to explain the reason. Unfortunately, these cryptic * messages baffle * most people. We've deciphered * The Most Common Ones You May ENCOUNTER.

400 - Bad Request Problem: There's something wrong with the address you entered You may not be authorized * to access the web page, or no longer exists Solution maybe it: Check the address carefully, especially if the address is long Make sure... that the slashes are correct (they should be forward slashes) and that all the names are properly spelled. Web addresses are case sensitive, so check that the names are capitalized in your entry as they are in the original reference to the website.

401 - Unauthorized Problem: You can not access a website, because you're not on the guest list, your password is invalid or you have entered your password incorrectly Solution: If you think you have authorization, try typing your password again.. Remember That Passwords Are Case Sensitive.

403 - Forbidden Problem: Essentially The Same as a 401. Solution: Try Entering your password again or move on to another site.

404 - Not Found Problem: Either the web page no longer exists on the server or it is nowhere to be found Solution: Check the address carefully and try entering it again You might also see if the site has a search engine and if so.. , use it to hunt for the document. (It's not uncommon for pages to change their addresses when a website is redesigned.) to get to the home page of the site, delete everything after the domain name and hit the Enter or Return key. 503 - Service unavailable Problem: your Internet service provider (ISP) or your company's Internet connection may be down Solution: Take a stretch, wait a few minutes and try again If you still have no luck, phone your ISP or system administrator...

Bad file request Problem: Your web browser may not be able to decipher the online form you want to access There may also be a technical error in the form Solution:.. Consider sending a message to the site's webmaster, providing any technical information you can Such as the browser and version you us.

Connection Refused by Host Problem: you don't have permissions to access the page or your password is incorrect. Solution: try Typing your password again if you think you shouth.

Failed DNS lookup Problem: DNS stands for the Domain Name System, which is the system that looks up the name of a website, finds a corresponding number (similar to a phone number), then directs your request to the appropriate web server on the Internet . When the lookup fails, the host server can not be located Solution:.. Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button on your browser toolbar If this does not work, check the address and enter it again If all else fails,. Try Again Later.

File contains no data Problem: The site has no web pages on it Solution:. Check the address and enter it again If you get the same error message, try again later.Host unavailable Problem:.. The web server is down Solution: Try Clicking on The Reload Or Refresh Button. if this Doesn't Work, Try Again Later.

Host unknown Problem: The web server is down, the site may have moved, or you've been disconnected from the Net Solution:.. Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button and check to see that you are still online If this fails, .......................

NetWork Connection Refused by The Server Problem: The Web Server is busy. Solution: try again in a while.

Unable to locate host problem: The Web Server is Down or You've Been Disconnected from The Reall. Solution: Try Clicking on The Reload Or Refresh Button and Check To See That You Are Still Online.

UNABLE TO LOCATE Server Problem: The Web Server is out-of-offer in You May Have Entered The Address IncorRectly. Solution: Check The Address and try Typing it again.

Note: Cryptic: adj. Meaning of blurred baffle: v. Confused Decipher: vt. Confusion (password, etc.), explain DAUTHORIZED: adj. Authorized, approved

Understanding Web Addresses

You can think of the World Wide Web as a network of electronic files stored on computers all around the world. Hypertext links these resources together. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate these files. The information contained in a URL gives you the ability to jump from one web page to another with just a click of your mouse. When you type a URL into your browser or click on a hypertext link, your browser is sending a request to a remote computer to download a file.What does A TYPICAL URL LOOK LIKE? Here Are Some Examples:

Http://english.chinaschool.net the home page for study english.

ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/ A Directory of Files At Mit * Available for Downloading.

News: Rec.gardens.Roses a newsgroup on rose garden. The First Part of a URL (Before the Type of Resource Or Method Of Access At That Address. for Example:

http - a hypertext document or directory gopher - a gopher document or menu ftp - a file available for downloading or a directory of such files news - a newsgroup telnet - a computer system that you can log into over the Internet WAIS * - a database or document in a Wide Area Information Search database file -. a file located on a local drive (your hard drive) The second part is typically the address of the computer where the data or service is located Additional parts may specify the names of files, the Port to connect to, or the text to search for in a database.

You can Enter The Url of A Site by Typing It Into The Location Bar of Your Web Browser, Just Under The Toolbar.

Most browsers record URLs that you want to use again, by adding them to a special menu. In Netscape Navigator, it's called Bookmarks. In Microsoft Explorer, it's called Favorites. Once you add a URL to your list, you can return to that web page simply by clicking on the name in your list, instead of retyping the entire URL.Most of the URLs you will be using start with http which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol *. http is the method by which HTML files are transferred over the Web Here Area Other Important Things To Know About Urls:

A URL usually has no spaces. A URL always uses forward slashes (//). If you enter a URL incorrectly, your browser will not be able to locate the site or resource you want. Should you get an error message or the wrong site , make sure you typed the address correctly. you can find the URL behind any link by passing your mouse cursor over the link. The pointer will turn into a hand and the URL will appear in the browser's status bar, usually located at the bottom of Your screen.

Note: MASSACHUSETES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (USA) MAM Slash: slope WAIS: Wide Area Information Server Wide Area Information Service System Hypertext Transfer Protocol: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Anatomy of A Web Page

A web page is an electronic document written in a computer language called HTML, short for Hypertext Markup Language. Each web page has a unique address, called a URL * or Uniform Resource Locator, which identifies its location on the network.

A website has one or more related web pages, depending on how it's designed. Web pages on a site are linked together through a system of hyperlinks *, enabling you to jump between them by clicking on a link. On the Web, you navigate through Pages of information accounting to your intends.home swmeet Home Page

When you browse the World Wide Web you'll see the term home page often. Think of a home page as the starting point of a website. Like the table of contents of a book or magazine, the home page usually provides an overview of what You'll Find At the Website. A Site Can Have ONE Page, MANY PAGES OR A FEW Long On, The home isn't a lot of information, the home page allows You will find at Least A Few Other Pages.

Web pages vary wildly in design and content, but most use a traditional magazine format. At the top of the page is a masthead * or banner graphic *, then a list of items, such as articles, often with a brief description. The items in the list usually link to other pages on the website, or to other sites. Sometimes these links are highlighted * words in the body of the text, or are arranged in a list, like an index. They can also be a combination * of Both. A Web Page Can Also Have Images That Link To Other Content.

How can you tell which text are links Text links appear in a different color from the rest of the text -?. Typically in blue and underlined When you move your cursor over a text link or over a graphic link, it will change from an Arrow to a Hand. The Hypertext Words Offen Hint * at what you will link.

When you return to a page with a link you've already visited, the hypertext words will often be in a different color, so you know you've already been there. But you can certainly go there again. Do not be surprised though , if the next time you visit a site, the page looks different and the information has changed. The Web is a dynamic * medium. to encourage visitors to return to a site, some web publishers change pages often. That's what makes browsing the Web SO Exciting. Note: URL: Higher Resource Locator HyperLink: Hyperlink Maasthead: Header, Tread Banner Graphic: Title Image Highlighted: Combination: Combined, Joint, Merge Hint: Hi, Tip, Clue Dynamic: Dynamic

Domain names

When you think of the internet, you probably think of "." JUST What DO THOSE THREELETS AT THE END OF A World Wide Web Address Mean?

Every computer that hosts data on the Internet has a unique numerical address. For example, the numerical address for the White House is 198.137.240.100. But since few people want to remember long strings of numbers, the Domain Name System (DNS) * was developed. DNS, a critical part of the Internet's technical infrastructure *, correlates * a numerical address to a word. to access the White House website, you could type its number into the address box of your web browser. But most people prefer to use "www.whitehouse.gov." "in this case, the domain name is whitehouse.gov.

In general, the three-letter domain name suffix * is known as a generic top-level domain and describes the type of organization In the last few years, the lines have somewhat blurred * between these categories .com -.. Business (commercial) .edu - educational .org - non-profit .mil - military .net - network provider .gov - governmentA domain name always has two or more parts separated by dots and typically consists of some form of an organization's name and the three-letter suffix , The domain name for ibm is "ibm.com"; Theneited Nations IS "un.org."

If a domain name is available, and provided it does not infringe * on an existing trademark, anyone can register the name for $ 35 a year through Network Solutions, Inc., which is authorized to register .com, .net and .org domains. You can use the Box below to see if a name is a available. Don't be surprised if the .com name you want. Of the over 8 millime. .Comes, 85% .com .com.

ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, manages the Domain Name System. As of this writing, there are plans to add additional top-level domains, such as .web and .store. When that will actually happen is anybody's guess.

To Check for, Or Register A Domain Name, Type It Into The Search Box.it SHOULD Take this form: myname.com

In addition to the generic top-level Domains, 244 National Top-Level Domains WERE Established for Country and Territories *, for example:

.au - australia .ca - canada .fr - france .de - germany .uk - United Kingdom

For US $ 275 Per Name, You Can Also Register An International Domain Name with Names. Be aware That Some Countries Have Restrictions for Registering Names.

If you plan to register your own domain name, whether it's a .com or not, keep these tips in mind: The shorter the name, the better (But it should reflect your family name, interest or business.) The name should be. Easy to Remember. It Should Be Easy to Type WITHOUT MAKING MISTAKES. REMEMBER, The Internet is Global. Ideally, A Domain Name Will "Read" IN A Language Other Than ENGLISH.

Note: Domain name system: Domain Name Infranstructure: Domain Name, Basic Ministry Correlate: Make Interrelation, and ... Related SUFFIX: Suffix BLUR: Put the (Direction) Makeup Infringe: Destruction, Infringement, Violation Territories: Territory, Versions, Regional Web Browsers

A web browser is the software program you use to access the World Wide Web, the graphical portion of the Internet. The first browser, called NCSA Mosaic, was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications in the early '90s. The easy-to -Use point-and-click interface * helped popularize the web, although few the could Image the Explosive Growth That Would Soon Occur.

Although many different browsers are available, Microsoft Internet Explorer * and Netscape Navigator * are the two most popular ones. Netscape and Microsoft have put so much money into their browsers that the competition can not keep up. The pitched battle * between the two companies to dominate * the market has lead to continual improvements to the software. Version 4.0 and later releases of either browser are excellent choices. (By the way, both are based on NCSA Mosaic.) You can download Explorer and Navigator for free from each company's website. If you have one browser already, you can test out the other. Also note that there are slight differences between the Windows and MacIntosh * versions.You can surf to your heart's content, but it's easy to get lost in this electronic web. That's where your browser can really help. Browsers come loaded with all sorts of handy features. fortunately, you can learn the basics in just a few minutes, then take the time to explore the advanced functions.

Both Explorer and Navigator have more similarities than differences, so we'll primarily cover those. For the most up-to-date information about the browsers, and a complete tutorial, check the online handbook under the Help menu or go to the websites of The respective * Software Companies.

Browser Anatomy When you first launch your web browser, usually by double-clicking on the icon on your desktop, a predefined web page, your home page, will appear. With Netscape Navigator for instance, you will be taken to Netscape's NetCenter.

Choose Your Own Home Page

You can change the home page that loads when you first launch your browser. With Navigator 4.0, go to the Edit menu, then select Preferences. In the Home page section, type in the new web address in the box. If you want Learn the Net to be your home page, entry: http://www.learnthenet.com

IF you are useful explorer, First Go To The Learn The Net Home Page. Now Click The View Menu, The Expions. Now Click The General Tab. Finally, Click The Use Current Button.

As Much As We Would Like Learn The Net To Be Your Home Page, you can select any page you want.

The Toolbar (toolbar) The row of buttons at the top of your web browser, known as the toolbar, helps you travel through the web of possibilities, even keeping track of where you've been. Since the toolbars for Navigator and Explorer differ Slightly, We'll First Describe What The Buttons in Common Do:

The Back button returns you the previous page you've visited. Use the Forward button to return to the page you just came from. Home takes you to whichever home page you've chosen. (If you have not selected one, it will return you to the default home page, usually the Microsoft or Netscape website.) Reload or Refresh does just that, loads the web page again. Why would you want to do this? Sometimes all of the elements of a web page have not loaded the first time, because the file transfer was interrupted. Also when you download a web page, the data is cached (pronounced cashed), meaning it is stored temporarily on your computer. The next time you want that page, instead of requesting the file from the web server, your web browser just accesses it from the cache. But if a web page is updated frequently, as may be the case with news, sports scores or financial data, you will not get the most current information. By reloading THE PAGE, this Timely Data IS Updated. Print Lets you make a hard Cop y of the current document loaded in your browser. The Stop button stops the browser from loading the current page. Search connects to pages on the Microsoft or Netscape websites that list a number of Internet directories and search tools. Bookmarks or Favorites is where you can record the addresses of website you want to revisit. Once you add a URL to your list, you can return to that web page simply by clicking on the link in your list, instead of retyping the entire address.When to Use the STOP Button

................... ..

THE LOCATION BAR (Location Bar) Just Under The Toolbar, You Will See A Box Labeled "Location," "" "or" address. "This is where you type in the address of a website you want to visit. After you enter it, press the Return or Enter key to access the site.By clicking the small triangle to the right of the Location box, you will get a drop down list of the most recent websites you have visited. to revisit a site, just click On The Address.

The Menu Bar (menu bar) Located along the top of the browser window, the menu bar offers a selection of things you can do with a web page, such as saving it to your hard drive or increasing the size of the text on a page . Many of the choices are the same as the buttons on the toolbar below, so do not try to learn everything now. Click once on a word to access the drop-down menu, then click on the appropriate selection you want to make.

The Access Indicator (access indicator) Both Navigator and Explorer have a small picture in the upper right hand corner of the browser. When this image is animated, it means that your browser software, known as a client, is accessing data from a remote computer, called a server The server can be located across town or on another continent your browser downloads these remote files to your computer, then displays them on your screen The speed of this process depends a number of factors:... your modem speed, Your Internet Service Provider's Modem Speed, The Size of the Files You Are Downloading, How busy The Server Is and The Traffic On The Internet.

The Status Bar (Status Bar) At the bottom of the web browser you'll find a window known as a status bar. You can watch the progress of web page transactions, such as the address of the site you are contacting, whether the host computer has been contacted and the size of the files to be downloaded.The scroll bar (scroll bar) The vertical bar to the right of the browser lets you scroll a down and up a long web page. you can do this by placing your arrow .

IF A Web Page Is Too Wide To Fit Your Screen, a Horizontal Scroll Bar Will Appear at The Bottom on Your Browser W. Scroll Bar Works The Same Way.

Some Browser Tricks As with Most Software, There Is More Than One Way To Accomplish a Task. Here Are A Few Other Features To Help You Navigate:

As you hop from page to page and website to website, your browser remembers where you've been. With Navigator, select History from the drop-down list under the Communicator menu. With Internet Explorer, click the History button on the toolbar. There You'll Find A History of All The Web Pages You have visited during a specified period of time. To Revisit A page, Just Click On The Address.

Another Way Move Between Pages with navigator is by Clicking The Right Mouse Button. A pop-up menu will appear and you can cho3.

Speed Up Downloads

While Text Downloads Quickly, Images CAN Really Slow Things Down. There Are Two Ways to Speed Things Up.

Since text appears first, after it loads, click the STOP button. The images will not appear, but should you want to look at an image, use the right mouse button to click on the image icon, then select View Image. You can view websites in text-only mode by turning off the auto-loading of images function under the Options menu.One final word of advice: your web browser is your gateway to the Internet Take the time to learn about its features in the long.. Run, IT Will Save you Hours of frustration.

Note: Interface: interface Microsoft Internet Explorer: Microsoft's Web Browser Navigator: Netscape Navigator: Netscape Company's Web Browser Pitched Battle: Guild Wars Dominate: Dominant, dominant Macintosh :. Apple launched a series of microcomputer launched in 1984 Apple produces a model of computer; (Mac) Macinton, RESPECTIVE: separate, respective frustration: frustration, setback, frustrated

How the web works

The World Wide Web, the graphical portion of the Internet, is the most popular part of the Internet by far. Once you spend time on the Web, you will begin to feel like there is no limit to what you can discover. The Web allows rich and diverse (1) communication by displaying text, graphics, animation (2), photos, sound and video. So just what is this miraculous (3) creation? The Web physically consists of your personal computer, web browser software, a connection .. to an Internet service provider, computers called servers that host digital data and routers and switches to direct the flow of information The Web is known as a client-server (4) system Your computer is the client; the remote computers that store electronic files are the servers Here's how it works:. Let's say you want to pay a visit to the the Louvre museum website First you enter the address or URL (5) of the website in your web browser (more about this shortly) Then.. Your Browser Requests The Web Page from the Web Serve r that hosts the Louvre's site. The Louvre's server sends the data over the Internet to your computer. Your web browser interprets the data, displaying it on your computer screen. The Louvre's website also has links to the sites of other museums, such as the Vatican museum. When You Click your mouse on a line, you access the web server for the vatican museum. The "glue" That Holds the Web together is caled hypertext and hyperlinks (6)

. This feature allow electronic files on the Web to be linked so you can easily jump between them. On the Web, you navigate through pages of information based on what interests you at that particular moment, commonly known as browsing or surfing (7) the Net. To access the Web you need web browser software, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. How does your web browser distinguish between web pages and other files on the Internet? Web pages are written in a computer language called Hypertext Markup Language or HTML. Some Web History The World Wide Web (WWW) was originally developed in 1990 at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. It is now managed by The World Wide Web Consortium, also known as the World Wide Web Initiative. The WWW Consortium IS Funded by a large number of corporate members, incruding AT &

T, Adobe Systems, Inc., Microsoft Corporation and Sun Microsystems, Inc. Its purpose is to promote the growth of the Web by developing technical specifications and reference software that will be freely available to everyone. The Consortium is run by MIT with INRIA ( The French National Institute for Research in Computer Science) acting as European host, in collaboration with CERN. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, was instrumental in the development of early graphical software utilizing the World Wide Web features created by CERN. NCSA focuses on improving the productivity of researchers by providing software for scientific modeling, analysis, and visualization. The World Wide Web was an obvious way to fulfill that mission. NCSA Mosaic, one of the earliest web browsers Was Distributed Free To The Public. IT LED Directly To The Phenomenal Growth of The World Wide Web. Note: Diverse: adj. Different, change MultiMation: Animation Miraculous: Adj. Miracle, incredible Client-Server: Client, client URL: Uniform Resource Locator, in the Internet's WWW service, is used to specify the information location. Hypertext: Super Text (a series of logically inter-connected databases, information in a database and the information within another database can be logically crosslink) Hyperlinks: hyperlink Surf: n. surf, shore waves; vi. Wave Sports; vt. Driving (boat) on the surf, in ... surf. The meaning of here refers to the online surfing

Net Anatomy

Even though the Internet is a global network, in many ways, it resembles a small town, with similar services. Let's say you want to send or receive your mail. The Internet has electronic post offices. There are online libraries you can use any time of the day or night, with millions of books and periodicals with unlimited browsing. Chat rooms are the Internet equivalent of 24-hour coffee shops, with people eager to gab anytime you want. with the explosive growth of the World Wide Web, you can shop, order a pizza, preview a movie, and listen to radio stations from around the world. All of these represent different ways of using the Internet. In the real world you can travel to different places over the same network of roads, but using different modes of transportation. You might use a car for one purpose and a truck for something else. Getting around on the Internet works much the same way. to understand the Internet, it is helpful to realize that many different kinds of communicati on go on at the same time You use different software programs to accomplish different tasks:.. for instance, a web browser to access shopping sites and an e-mail program to send and receive messages Some programs, such as Netscape Communicator, contain more than one kind of program. Communicator has a web browser, called Netscape Navigator, an e-mail program and a newsreader. (In later articles, we will explain what each of these programs do.) You can also use more specialized and sophisticated software , Such As Eudora, A Stand-Alone E-Mail Program, or Combine Different Software Packages Together Into a System That Works for you. Birth of the net

The Internet has had a relatively brief, but explosive history so far. It grew out of an experiment begun in the 1960's by the US Department of Defense. The DoD wanted to create a computer network that would continue to function in the event of a disaster , such as a nuclear war. If part of the network were damaged or destroyed, the rest of the system still had to work. That network was ARPANET, which linked US scientific and academic researchers. It was the forerunner of today's Internet. In 1985 , the National Science Foundation (NSF) created NSFNET, a series of networks for research and education communication. Based on ARPANET protocols, the NSFNET created a national backbone service, provided free to any US research and educational institution. At the same time, regional NetWorks Were Created to Link Individual Institution. NSFNET GREW RAPIDLICE. NSFNET GREW RAPIDLICE. NSFNET GREW RAPIDLICE. NSFNET GREW RAPIDLICE. NSFNET GREW RAPIDLICE. NSFNET GREW RAPIDLIC, AND As New Software Applications Were Created to make Access easier. Corporations such as Sprint and MCI began to build their own networks, which they linked to NSFNET. As commercial firms and other regional network providers have taken over the operation of the major Internet arteries, NSF has withdrawn from the backbone business. NSF also coordinated a service called InterNIC, which registered all addresses on the Internet so that data could be routed to the right system. This service has now been taken over by Network Solutions, Inc., in cooperation with NSF.Making Connections

To connect online, your computer must be equipped with a modem, a device that translates the digital signals from your computer into analog signals that can travel over a standard phone line. Those are the scratchy sounds you hear from a modem's speaker. Believe it or not, there is actually meaning in all that noise. A modem on the other end of the line can understand it and converts the sounds back into digital information.Modems come in different speeds and are measured in bps or bits per second. A 28.8 Kbps MODEM SENDS DATA AT 28,800 BITS PER Second. A 56 Kbps Modem IS TWICE AS FAST, SENDING AND Receiving Data At A Rate of 56,000 Bits Per Second. Most Modem Today Area 56 Kbps.

Why does speed matter? On the Internet, you are constantly exchanging data with other computers. Some of these digital files can be quite large. As you will soon learn, you want this exchange to happen as quickly as possible. If you are purchasing a Modem, Get The Fastest One Available.

Modems come in different speeds and can be installed inside your computer (internal), or connected to your computer's serial port (external). These days, almost all computers come equipped with an internal modem. But if you need to buy a modem for an older computer, consider purchasing an external one for two reasons. First, they are much easier to install. Second, occasionally your modem will freeze and need to be reset. If your modem is external, you can simply turn it off and on again. IT's Internal, The Only Way To Reset It Is To Turn Off Your Computer and Reboot, Which Can Take Several Minutes Every Time You NEED TO RESET YOUR MODEM.

To connect an external modem to your computer, you'll need a serial modem cable. The cables are usually not included when you buy a modem because there are several different sizes available. These can be purchased at any computer store where modems are sold. Most likely, your computer will have a connector on the back labeled serial, or with the IOIOIO icon This connector comes in a variety of formats:.. 9, 15, or 25 pins If you only have one of these ports, it will probably be COM1. If you have two, one will be COM1, and the other will be COM2. After you plug in your modem, you can sign up for Internet Service.Usually your setup program will try and find your modem and its COM port. If IT can't, IT Will Ask You Which COM Port Your Modem is attached to. If you don't know, The Easiest Thing to do is try the m all. Even if You Only Have Two Serial Ports, You May Be Able To SELECT One of Four Com Ports. Also, There Area Other Devices That Use The Com Ports. in Some Computers, The Mouse Is Plugged Into a Serial Port. This is know. if you've got a serial mouse plugged Into Com1, The Just Plug The MODO COM2. IF you don't have a second, you can Purchase A .

Your modem will likely have a connector on the back with space for 25 pins. You need to make sure that the serial modem cable you purchase has the right number of pins on either side, and is the correct "gender." The best thing to do is to look at the back of your computer and list the various connectors, the number of pins, and the gender. Then, when you go to purchase your modem, find the cable that matches the connector.Lastly, you'll need a standard phone cable to connect the modem to your phone line. The standard connector on a telephone cable is called an RJ-11. On the back of your modem, you'll probably have two RJ-11 jacks. One is for connecting the modem to a wall jack, and the other is for connecting the modem to a phone. and remember, if you have call waiting, you will want to disable it before connecting online. If you're online and a call comes in, it will disconnect You unless you disable call waiting. in Most Places You Can Enter * 70 Before The Number You Call for Intern ET Service So That Another Call Will Not Interrupt You While You're on line.

Monitor settings

The best monitor setting for the Web is 800 X 600 pixels with thousands of colors. Here's why. You may have already noticed that your monitor can be set to different screen resolutions and set to display different numbers of colors. Let's walk through it.

Screen Resolution Most people think of resolution in terms of photographs or television. In those media, resolution means sharpness. But in the computer world, screen resolution refers to the dimensions of the pixels displayed on a monitor. Your computer probably came set to a resolution The means That Your Computer Will Display A Screen of 640 Pixels Wide and 480 Pixels High On The Monitor - WHETER You Have A 14, 15, or 17-Inch Monitor. The size of the monitor does not determine THE BIGGER THE MONITOR, THE BIGGER THEEN RESOLUTIONY YOUSE. TRY IT for YourSelf. if you have a 14 or 15-inch monitor, switch the resolution from 640 x 480 To 800 x 600 x 1024 x 768 if your video card supports it. You will quickly see that everything gets smaller as the resolution goes up. that's because the monitor is displaying a larger number of pixels in the same screen space. Most people find everything is too small at 1024 X 768 ON A 14-in CH Monitor, But Try It on a 17-inch monitor and you'll Find you can tons of screen real estate you can use.on the web you can get. The larger the resolution, The more you Can Fit On The Screen. Web Pages Are Almost Always Too Large To Fit On One Screen, SO A Larger Resolution IS Better. We Recommend Using A Resolution of 800 x 600 i i r l l 800 x 600 IF you have resolution of 800 x 600 i And larger monitors.

Under Settings, There IS A Control Panel Folder with An icon Called Display. Double-Click on The icon. The Click The Settings Tab To See The Current Screen Resolution.

Try changing the resolution to the largest you can, probably 1024 X 768. Unless you have a 17-inch or larger monitor, everything will be too small to see. But you will have a lot of screen space.Screen Colors Setting the number of colors is also important. Unless you are working with professional graphics and photography and have a computer with lots of memory, avoid using 16 million colors. The best practical resolution to use on the Web is 64,000 colors. you can get near photographic quality using thousands of colors, and you'll find many web graphics, like those on Learn the Net, look much better than when your display is set to only 256 colors. One thing to keep in mind, many multimedia CD-ROMs with animations require you to Set Your Display to 256 Colors. Even wegh you may need in awhile, you will find the web more visual exciting if you surf at thousands of colors.

About Modem

Telephone lines were designed to carry the human voice, not electronic data from a computer. Modems were invented to convert digital computer signals into a form that allows them to travel over the phone lines. Those are the scratchy sounds you hear from a modem's speaker. A modem on the other end of the line can understand it and convert the sounds back into digital information that the computer can understand. By the way, the word modem stands for MOdulator / DEModulator. Buying and using a modem used to be relatively easy. not too long ago, almost all modems transferred data at a rate of 2400 Bps (bits per second). Today, modems not only run faster, they are also loaded with features like error control and data compression. So, in addition to converting and interpreting signals, modems also act like traffic cops, monitoring and regulating the flow of information. That way, one computer does not send information until the receiving computer is ready for it. Each of these features, mod Ulation, Error Control, And Data Compression, Requires a Separate Kind of protocol and this what thing some of those terms you see Like V.32, V.32BIS, V.42BIS AND MNP5 Refer to. if Your Computer Didn't come with an AN internal modem, consider buying an external one, because it is much easier to install and operate. For example, when your modem gets stuck (not an unusual occurrence), you need to turn it off and on to get it working properly. With an INTERNAL MODEM, That Means Restarting Your Computer - A Waste of Time. with an external modem it's as easy as flipping a switch. here '

sa tip for you: in most areas, if you have Call Waiting, you can disable it by inserting * 70 in front of the number you dial to connect to the Internet (or any online service) This will prevent an incoming call from accidentally. kicking you off the line.This table illustrates the relative difference in data transmission speeds for different types of files. A modem's speed is measured in bits per second (bps). A 14.4 modem sends data at 14,400 bits per second. A 28.8 modem is twice as fast, sending and receiving data at a rate of 28,800 bits per second. Until nearly the end of 1995, the conventional wisdom was that 28.8 Kbps was about the fastest speed you could squeeze out of a regular copper telephone line. Today, you can buy 33.6 Kbps modems, and modems that are capable of 56 Kbps. The key question for you, is knowing what speed modems your Internet service has provider (ISP). If your ISP has only 28.8 Kbps modems on its end of the line, You Could Have The Fastest Modem in The WORL d, and only be able to connect at 28.8 Kbps. Before you invest in a 33.6 Kbps or a 56 Kbps modem, make sure your ISP supports them. Speed It Up There are faster ways to transmit data by using an ISDN or leased line. In many parts of the US, phone companies are offering home ISDN at less than $ 30 a month. ISDN requires a so-called ISDN adapter instead of a modem, and a phone line with a special connection that allows it to send and receive digital signals You have to arrange with your phone company to have this equipment installed. For more about isdn, Visit Dan Kegel '

s ISDN Page An ISDN line has a data transfer rate of between 57,600 bits per second and 128,000 bits per second, which is at least double the rate of a 28.8 Kbps modem Leased lines come in two configurations:... T1 and T3 A T1 line offers a data transfer rate of 1.54 million bits per second. Unlike ISDN, a T-1 line is a dedicated connection, meaning that it is permanently connected to the Internet. This is useful for web servers or other computers than need to be connected To the Internet all the time. it is possible to level only a portion of a t-1 line using one of two systems: FRACTIONAL T-1 or Frame. You Can Lease Them in Blocks Ranging from 128 Kbps To 1.5 Mbps. The differences are not worth going into in detail, but fractional T-1 will be more expensive at the slower available speeds and Frame Relay will be slightly more expensive as you approach the full T-1 speed of 1.5 Mbps. A T-3 line is Significantly Faster, AT 45 Million Bits Per Second. The Backbone of The Internet consists of T-3 lines. Leased lines are very expensive and are generally only used by companies whose business is built around the Internet or need to transfer massive amounts of data. ISDN, on the other hand, is available in some cities for a very reasonable price. Not all phone companies offer residential ISDN service. Check with your local phone company for availability in your area. Cable Modems A relatively new development is a device that provides high-speed Internet access via a cable TV network. with speeds of up To 36 Mbps, Cable Modems CAN Download Data In Seconds That Might Take Fifty Times Longer with a Dial-Up Connection. Because, IT Doesn't Tie Up A Telephone Line. Best of All, IT '

s always on, so there is no need to connect -! no more busy signals This service is now available in some cities in the United States and Europe The download times in the table above are relative and are meant to give you a general. idea of how long it would take to download different sized files at different connection speeds, under the best of circumstances. Many things can interfere with the speed of your file transfer. These can range from excessive line noise on your telephone line and the speed of the web server from which you are downloading files, to the number of other people who are simultaneously trying to access the same file or other files in the same directory. DSL DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is another high-speed technology that is becoming increasingly popular. DSL lines are always connected to the Internet, so you do not need to dial-up. Typically, data can be transferred at rates up to 1.544 Mbps downstream and about 128 Kbps upstream over ordinary telephone line s. Since a DSL line carries both voice and data, you do not have to install another phone line. You can use your existing line to establish DSL service, provided service is available in your area and you are within the specified distance from the telephone company's central switching office. DSL service requires a special modem. Prices for equipment, DSL installation and monthly service can vary considerably, so check with your local phone company and Internet service provider. The good news is that prices are coming down as competition heats Up.netiquette

WE EXPECT Other Drivers To Observe The Rules of The Road and The Same Is True As We Travel Through Cyberspace. Here Are A Few Pointers to Help You Out:

Avoid using all caps IT LOOKS LIKE YOU'RE SHOUTING To personalize your messages, you can use smileys, also known as emoticons, expressions you create from the characters on your keyboard A few popular ones include.!.:

:-) Happy: -e disappointed :-( SAD: -

Keep your communications to the point. Some people pay for Internet access by the hour. The longer it takes to read your messages, the more it may cost them. This is true whether you post messages to a newsgroup or a mailing list.

Keep In Mind That Anything You Post to a newsgroup or type into a chat session is a public comment. You never know who's reading it, or who may copy it and spread it around.

If you're posting a message to a public bulletin board, forum, or newsgroup, stick to the topic. Do not make the mistake of indiscriminately posting advertisements to every newsgroup you can think of. This practice, referred to as spamming, will quickly lead to another unpleasant Internet practice known as flaming. What is flaming? Sometimes you might offend someone unintentionally. Be prepared to receive some angry e-mail or be treated rudely in a public discussion. This is called being flamed. If you attack back YOU WILL SPARK What IS KNOWN AS A FLAME WAR. To Contain The Heat, The Best Response Usually Is No Response At ALL.

If you post an ad to a newsgroup, or send it in an e-mail, clearly identify it.

To Keep Messages Short, There Are Some Abbreviations you can users:

means "by the Way." A Enclosed in Brackets INDICES GRINNING. A Good One To Keep Handy In Case You're Worried About Offering Someone IS - In My Humble Opinion. One of Our Favorites is , which stands for Rolling on the Floor Laughing.Netiquette is not something you learn overnight, so do not let your fear of not knowing cyber-protocol hold you back Some additional resources you can consult include the following.:

For A Short and Friendly Summary, Try The Uk Beginners' Guide To Good Manners. For the definitive guide, read arlene RINALDI's The Net: user guidiness and netiquette.

Keep In Mind That FAQs (FREQUENTLY Asked Questions "Are Very Handy Documents. You Should Always Consult Them WHENEVER TheY Are Available.

Responsibility in a Virtual World The Internet is a strange and wonderful network that has made it possible for people all around the world to connect with each other in meaningful ways. Whether for research, education, business, or fun, the Internet has changed how many Of US Live, Work, And Play, In Ways We May Not Even Be Fully Aware of.

As the Internet continues to evolve, so do the issues that impact the way we use it. Whether you are the consummate hacker or just an occasional driver on the information highway, you play a role in determining the future direction of this road. From privacy , security, and freedom of speech to honesty and consideration in the way we interact with others, we all have a responsibility to preserve and protect its unique character. that means recognizing that while the medium is in many ways a reflection of the physical world, IT IS in Other Ways, Fundamentally Different - Manifesting Its Own Customs and Practices. Computer Game Terminology

Computer games have developed to this day, has been a history of decades. Industry has formed a set of terms system. We make some common game terms to be organized and attached to the English. To make it easy for players to check:

# 3d accelerator: 3D accelerator. A 3D computing function hardware specifically enhances the PC, but it cannot enhance the overall display effect of the computer.

AACT (ACTION GAME): Action game. Such games provide players an environmental and functional environment and function of training hand-eye coordination, usually requiring the player's protagonist (people or things) to make certain movements, such as mobile, jumping, attacking, avoiding, based on the changes in the surrounding situation, such as moving, jumping, attacking, avoiding, Defensive, etc. to achieve the goals required for the game. Such games pay attention to realistic body movements, hot fighting effects, good operating hand and complex attack combinations.

AI (Artificial Intelligence): Artificial intelligence. That is to refer to computer imitation of behavioral ways to behave and operate the operation of human thinking and game. That is a full range of extremely complex computing systems and operational rules.

Alpha: Alpha test. That is to refer to the game test work in the environment where the game producer is controlled, so the test is carried out inside the company.

AVG (Adventure Game): Adventure game. This type of game is provided with a fixed plot or story, providing a group of demolished environments and scenes, and the player must puzzle with the story of the story. The purpose of the game is to solve the puzzles or doubts set by the producer in the story of the game protagonist in the story. Usually such games are often used to design a puzzle game for detective types.

Bbeta: beta test. That is to mean the game testing work that is not carried out in the environment where the producer is controlled, so in general, the beta test is to test the selected tester.

BOSS: big head, also known as "boss." The more great powerful opponents that appear in the game. Generally, this kind of enemies will only appear once in the entire game, and often appear in the counter, and unlike a small monster can be repeated in the game.

BUG: Program Vulnerability, commonly known as "bug". Refers to those procedures remaining in the game due to the omission of game designers and testers, and severe words will affect the quality of the entire work.

CCheat: Game Secrets. The game designer hides the special skills in the work, and it can bring the player's special ability and effect after use. The first thing that the programmer is designed for quick test works, now almost every game has a secret.

Clock Speed: The game execution speed. That is, the speed of the game is running in the computer, often measures Megahertz (MHz). Code: Password. 1) With the CHEAT strip; 2) with the Source Code.

DDOOM-LIKE: 3D shooting game. That is, the first person is called shooting game. The game screen is the field of view of the player. This kind of game is now called quake-like.

EE3 (Electronic Entertainment EXPO): US E3 Grand Exhibition. The business show of the most grand computer games and TV games in the world is basically held every year.

Easter Egg: Easter eggs. An unexpected content hidden in the program, often designed by the manufacturer, often about the creation's own introduction and ridicule.

ECTS (EUROPEAN Computer Trade Show): European Computer Business Display. The E3 exhibition known as Europe was held in March and September every year in London.

Electronic Game: Video game. That is, computer games, TV games, and arcade and palm game consoles.

ENGINE: Game Engine. That is, a master of a game.

Experience Point: Experience points. Often appear in role-playing games, with numerical measuring characters, often upgraded after a certain number of experience points, and the characters will become more powerful.

FFTG (Fighing Game): Fighting game. Differentiation from the action class game, refers to the form of two roles. This game is now differentiated from 2D fighting games and 3D fighting games.

First Person: The first person's perspective. That is, the protagonist does not directly appear directly on the screen, but the viewing range of the protagonist.

Flight SIM: Flight Simpeting Games. It is a door class under the simulated class game, let the player feel the fun of the aircraft and flying on the blue sky.

FMV (FULL-MOTION Video): Full motion image. That is, the game of the game, the dynamic picture of the overhead and the end.

Forward Scrolling: Forward reel. That is, the background is constantly approaching the reel mode of the player, often appearing in the first person shooting or analog game.

Frame: frame, lens. That is, the dynamic metering unit of the screen is displayed.

FPS (FRAMES Per Second): The number of frames per second. The US standard NTSC's TV program has a number of frames of 30. Many computer games have more than this number.

Free Guy: Extra life. In the game, you may get an additional life, such as collecting a certain amount of some kind of treasure.

GGAME OVER: The game is over. This is the most common discourse in the game, usually means that the player failed, not a customs clearance machine.

GamePlay: Game playability. That is, the gameplay method is to determine how fun is more fun.

GENRE: Game type. That is, the game for different gameplay games, such as role play, adventure, action class, simulation class, etc.

GRAPHICS Processing Unit: Graphics Processor. Auxiliary CPU processing graphical operation.

Graphics Accelerator: Graphics Accelerator. Dedicated hardware that enhances the display speed and effect.

Graphic Adventure: Graphic Adventure Game. It is a door class under the adventure game, relative to the text adventure game.

GRAPHICAL User Interface: Graphical User Interface. That is, the computer and the user's interactive interface. Hhidden Level: Hide level. Refers to the hidden part of the game, discovery it. That is, it is also possible to pass this part, but it may change the cleaning after playing.

High-res: high resolution. That is, a fine picture display mode, but the speed of the game may therefore decline.

Hint: Raiders Tips. Simple research prompt to help players solve the particularly difficult problem in the game.

HP (Hit Point): Vitality. That is, the value of the character or combat unit. General HP is 0, it means death, and even Game over.

HUD (Heads Up Display): Flight Dashboard. Flight Simulation games often provide players such as ammunition conditions, speed, target tracking and other operations.

IINTERACTIVE MOVIE: interactive movie. That is, combined with a class of computer interactive works with the game features and movie elements, often contains a large amount of FMV (full motion image).

Interface: Game interface. That is, the player operates the game. It determines the difficulty and playability of the game.

JJ Ypad: Game handle. The handle of the analog TV game is usually applied to the sound card.

Joystick: game joystick. Often used to play an external joystick of simulated games such as flights, racing.

Llevel: Card. That is, a game, a continuous and complete stage, scene. Sometimes called Stage.

Low-res: low resolution. That is, rough screen display mode, but the running speed can be slightly improved.

Mmotion Capture: Dynamic capture. The process of moving the object in a 3D environment.

Motion Tracker: Action Tracker. Dynamically capture the device used.

Moves: Exit. That is, the tricks of the characters in the fight.

MP (Magic Point): Magic Forces. That is, the character's magic value, once it is used, you can no longer use the magic move.

MUD (MULTI-User Dungeon): Multi-user Dungeon, commonly known as "mud". A real-time game that allows multiple people to participate in a real-time game that is involved in the Internet, is usually similar to the RPG, but now is a text mode.

MultiMedia: Multimedia. It mainly refers to computer works that integrate a variety of expressions. For example, FMV (full dynamic image), computer games, interactive works, etc.

Nnetwork Games: Online Games. It means that many people can make collective game types after connecting a network protocol.

NPC (Non Player Character): Non-player characters. In role-playing games, the player will have all uncontrolled characters in the game. These characters may prompt important intelligence clues, or irrelevant people.

PPASSWORD: Password. After entering the game, you can enter the back level directly.

Pirate: Pirated game. That is, the pirated game that is flooding in the country to make the company's headache.

Pixel: pixels. The smallest basic unit displayed on the screen.

Platformer: Game platform. The game running platform, including Win95, DOS or UNIX, etc.

Player killing: player killer. Refers to a class of players who are dedicated to attack the player in MUD, not a class of players of non-player characters.

Polygon: Polygon. The polygonal unit that manifes a 3D environment in the 2D screen.

Prototype: Prototype production. The prototype production of the game work refers to the prototype of the game with the fastest speed, one can be executed. From these basic procedures and basic graphics, producers can see how big the gaps from the original ideas are the original idea. After adjusting, they have entered the formal start. Puzzle: Puzzle. In the adventure game, the puzzle of the player's intelligence.

PZL (PUZZLE GAME): Puzzle game. A type of game species for the continuous puzzle as the main content.

QQUAKE-LIKE: 3D shooting game. That is, the first person is called shooting game. See the Doom-Like bar.

RROUND: Round. A context in the fighting game.

RPG (Role Playing Game): Role Play Game. Such games provide players a world of adventurous world (Fantasy World) or a Real World, which includes a variety of roles, buildings, shops, maze and various steep terrain. The protagonists played by the player through travel, conversation, trading, fighting, growth, expedition, and puzzle, and finally move towards the other side of victory. The player relies on their own courage, wisdom and anecdote to get another success, so that the protagonists they play will continue to grow, so they get huge spirit.

RTS (Realtime Strategy Game): Instant Strategy Game. Corresponding to the strategic game, everything is real-time, requiring the player to have better agile and macro commanding.

SSCALING: Zoom ratio. Some games provide the adjustment of the scales of the screen.

Second Person: The second perspective. That is, chasing the end angle, follows the back of the game protagonist.

ShareWare Software: Shareware works.

Side-scrolling: lateral reel. That is, the foreground of the game screen and the background from left to right moving the reel mode, which is often used in the 2D shooting game.

SLG (Simulation Game): analog class game. Such games provide players an environment that can do logic thinking and strategy, strategy, and lets players have free disposal, managing or customizing people in games.

Common Computer English Vocabulary Interpretation (1) Access ARM Lead Arm BATCH processing Branch Binary Binary Digt Binary, Binary Digital Bit Bit, Binary Bit Branch, Branch BRUSH Brush Buffer Storage Buffer Calculator Calculator CALL INSTRUCTION Call Instruction CARD Punch Card Performer Card Reader Card Read Machine, card reader CELL unit CHANNEL channel, channel character Character Check Digit check digital CIRCUIT circuit, line to clear code To code Code CODER Coder, Encoder Command Directive, Command Compiler Compiler Computer Language Computer Language Console Console Control Unit Control Components, Controller Core Storage, Core Store Cell Memory Counter Counters Cybernetics Control CYCLE Cycles Data Data Data Processing Data Processing DEBUGGING Debugging Decision Develop DIGIT Digital, Digital, Bit Digital Computer Digital Computer DISC, Disk Disk DISPLAY UNIT Display Device Drum Miller To Edit Edit Electronics EmitTer Transmitter TO ENCODE Coded TO ERASE Erase, Cleaning, Erasing Feed Feed, Supply To feed Feed Feed Field Field, Information Group, Domain File Floppy Disk Soft disk FLOPP y disk drive floppy disk drive hardware flow chart flowchart frame frame hardware identifier index index identifier information within the information processing inline processing instruction input query input inquiry command interpretation integrated circuit IC to interpret item projects, items jump key transfer key, the keyboard key keyboard Latency Time Waiting Time

Common Computer English Vocabulary Explanation (2) Library Library, Library Linkage Connection To LOAD Load, Storage, Writing, Load Location Storage Unit Logger Register, Loop Loop Machine Language Machine Language Magnetic Storage Magnetic Monitor Magnetic Tape Matrix Matrix Memory Memory Message Information, Message Microcomputer Mini Computer Module Components, Module Monitor Monitor, Supervisor, Directory Nanosecond NetWork Network, Numeric, Numeric numbers, values OcTet eight-bit group, eight bytes Operator the operator optical character reader optical character reader optical scanner optical scanner output overflow output overflow, the overflow panel plate parameter parameter parameter perforator piercer peripheral equipment peripherals, external personal computer apparatus PC printer printer printed circuit printout prints printed circuit processing unit to process the output of the processing means processing program programmer programming procedure to program programmer programming programming, programming pulse to pulse punch piercing punch perforations punched card, punch card punch cards punched tape, punch tape hole punch holes punched tape, Perforated Random Access Random Access To Reader Reader Reading Read Real Time Record, Register Record Redundancy Redundant Routine Routine Selector Selector, Select Sentinel Mark Sequence Sequence, Sequence Sequential Sequence Serial Serial Serial Serial. Continuous s Hift shift, shift Signal Signal Simulation Simulation Simulator Simulator, Simulator Software Software, Software Sort Classification, Sort Sorter Classifier, Classification Machine, Classification, Sort Project Storage Memory To Store Switch Symbol Switch Symbol symbol symbolic language symbolic language system teleprinter system tabulator tabulator unit teletype terminal terminal terminal terminal clock timer, timing chronometer time sharing time-track the timing of the track transducer sensor, machine translation translator translation program, the translator to update update Winchester Disk Drive Working Storage Working Memory --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -In One's Heart of Hearts

What is Teddy giving Angela? Ah it's a special card he has made. There's no message on it, but I see a drawing of Angela inside a heart ... and inside that another heart! Oh, I understand what he's saying. He's saying you are In My Heart of Hearts! That Means in The Deepest Part of His Heart and Mind Teddy Is Very, Very Fond Of Angela! Everyone has only one heart, "in one's heart of health" in the English idiom, is a person In the depths of the other. What is Teddy to Angela? Oh, it is a chic card for his homemade. I didn't write on the card, but there was an Angella painted in a heart. . . . . That is another person's heart. I understand Teddy's meaning. He said Angella in his depths, here in One's Heart of Hearts, said Teddy is very love Angela.

A piece of cake

One day friend Carmen came to my home, bring some homemade cookies / cookies to give me a taste, I feel so good, so I ask her to ask the materials and production methods. Carmen said confidently to me: "Oh! It's a piece of cake!" I didn't understand the true meaning of this words, and I didn't help but said to her: "Don't fool me arround! I know these are cookies But not pieces of cake! (Let's joke with me! I know these sweet cookies rather than a cake!) "Unexpected Carmen smiled, knowing that I misunderstood her mean, hurriedly explained me:" a Piece Of Cake, When I Mean Here, IS A Very Easy Task (a piece of cake here means a very easy, simple things or task). "" Hey! It turns out that many times, English sentences or idioms are impossible to , Can not break chapter, otherwise it is generous! "

Do Not Miss A Trick

This day is very busy, when the boss comes in, I am changing the procedure, I only know what he seems to copy on the table next to him. When he came forward, I was on the phone, I saw him left right in the storage room next to him, and watched it up and down. The last time he came in, I finally arrived, I have finished his question, I suddenly remembered that I should ask him, how seems to be interested in the storage room, he said there is a Server (terminal machine) did not place, see Whether it is available here. I asked if I came in and had something to copy. This boss is happy, saying: "Yon don't miss a trick." I thought about what trick (small trick), why didn't I see it. It turned out that "Do Not Miss A Trick" is an idiom, which is equivalent to "Ming Tao Qiuyi", and is careful. In other words, the boss thinks that I am so busy, I will not pay attention to these little things, and I noticed it.

Getting Cold Feet

A classmate in the class found a new job, and we all congratulated her. In addition to expressing thanks, then said: "I think I'm getting cold feet." I feel very strange, ask the teacher: "Why is her foot?" The teacher said: "This is American language The slang, means that 'She is afraid to do new work'. "I understand that she said" getting cold feet ". Over the hump, I was working in the restaurant, some old guests were more seen, always love to chat with me, one day, one day, a guest, "Over the hump h, oh?" Seeing my face confused, he added another sentence: "Wednesday Today, weekend is close." I suddenly realized that Weekday has 5 days, Wednesday, I will not be far away from the week, really " Over the hump (half a week) ". So Lenovo often called Xiaoluan, and sneaked to a small week. Although the expression is different, it is expected that the week has not arrived, and the work is unsatisfactory, study hard. Screw Driver?

One day, my car was anchored on the road. Fortunately, I met a kind American got off the bus. After he carefully checked the car, he asked me: "Do you have a screw driver?" He In this question, I am really full of mist, I am Driver, why do he want Driver? So I told him: "I am the only driver in this car." He heard haha laughed, It turns out that Screw Driver is a screwdriver, and there is no relationship with Driver (driver). (Note: Screw screw)

Lose One's Touch

Henry used to be known as one of the world's very best trapeze artists. I use the past tense because it would appears that Henry has lost his touch. "Whoops! There goes another partner!" Henry exclaimed. "Maybe it's true that I am Losing my touch! "as Henry's partner landed in the safety net, he nodded his head in agreement." To Lose Your Touch Mesns to Lose Your Skill or Ability, "HE SAID.

Henry's past is the world famous "high-altitude swing" performer. Use the past standard to measure, now he has already lost his touch. Henry said: "Hey, now my tower shift show. Maybe I am really a skill!" His partner to the safety net agreed to say: "Lose Your touch is said to say your skills Level. "In" Lost One's Touch ", the word touch is not touch, but refers to skills or capabilities. Therefore, this saying is explained as a result of being sparsened, or the performance of the loss. Foxhole

Friends are not a professional soldier, but he loves the art. He has a relatives and emperors who are studying the US Virginian military school. After a holiday, he borrowed a "even" couch to this military school, a daily study. The book repeatedly emphasized that soldiers had to dig foxes in some cases, and he was confused. Combat or attack or guarding, the purpose is to eliminate the enemy, and have no relationship with the fox. Why do you have to dig a fox hole ... It's really difficult. It was not until it would be more than a long time, he learned. When you have a fight, if you have a terrain object, you can cover yourself, you have to dig a very simple pit, hide your body in the pit, just expose your head to see the target shooting enemy. Although this pit is translated in English, it is a fox hole, but it is nothing to do with the fox, and the Chinese name is a "scattered pit", not "fox hole".

Right

I just made a professional driver launched a Miss ING Bank to New Jersey. I took the initiative to ask her in a highway: "Turn Left?" "Right." She replied. I turned left, she hurriedly explained what she means right turning, I am just waking up like a dream.

Graveyard

Reading in the companion has been a few years, but because most of the time is home, my English progress is limited, and I can't touch some special terms. On a day, I dinner, while watching my son, I saw the advertisement of the school. The following note: "Eventing and graveyard, Apply in person." I said to my son: "At night in the tomb at night The garden is connected, who dares to apply this job? "The son took the newspaper and laughed. After laughing, he was patiently explained to me:" Graveyard here refers to the late night, not literal The meant on the cemetery. So this advertisement is the telephone to connect to the telephone and night shifts, and it is necessary to apply. "I have heard the son's explanation can not help but wrist, hehe! I know each English word on the advertisement, but the understanding of the whole sentence is a thousand miles of the loss!

The old school Tie

Boys attending private school in Britain wear neckties in the colours of their school, each school having its unique tie. In later years, graduates are said to award favours to those who attended the same boyhood schools. That has led to what is called the old School Tie, And It Is Offen Class System, "We Didn't Win the Contract. Our Boss Said It Was Due to the Old School Tie Because He Didn't Attend Axton." The school's boys have to finish, and each school has a unique tie. After a few years, the alumni is related to each other, giveing a discount of the habits, the so-called "The Old School Tie", because the TIE word truth belt doubles, is interpreted as a tie, but also means a relationship.

The Old School Tie is a typical bad habit of British society. "We didn't get that contract, the boss said that because he didn't go through Exton (middle school), there was no 'alumni relationship', so failed."

Have a Turkey On One's Back

Thanksgiving in the American friends bob home party. Bob couple will invite friends and family to their home every year, everyone is very familiar, if you have not come, everyone will ask why. There is a friend, Audun can eat it, everyone likes him. But this time Audun has not arrived, I suggest whether to make a call in the past. Bob said no need, "He's Got Turkey On His Back."

I wonder it. Bob is not already roast Turkey? Why is AUDUN to back only Turkey? It turns out that Bob has already played the phone, knowing that Audun has been drinking more, I am afraid that it is too late. Have a Turkey on One's Back is a drink that is drunk or drug addiction. Of course, we all know that Audun is just a greedy, he will not take drugs.

Leave Welll Enough Alone

Every October, Texa is a TAAS test, a full name Texas Assessment of Academic Skills. Every high school student, I want to graduate, I must have taken TAAS. Of course, it is no exception. In the exam, the teacher said to the whole class: Leave Well Enough Alone. But I didn't understand, in the Banli Mathematics, I opened my heart, I opened my heart.

After two months, the teacher told me 78 points. I can't understand, I have to come to the teacher and answer the title, I found that there are many questions that I have just done, but I have changed when checking. Here I understand the words of the teacher's Leave Well Enough Alone: Don't draw a snake

Smoke Like a Chimney

Lenny Long's doctor suggested he give up smoking. "Lenny, you smoke like a chimney," he said, "Smoking does terrible harm.It's a very serious threat to a person's health." Lenny's wife was also concerned. "You sit in your Chair Every Night Smoking Like a Chimney, "She Stopped. Someone WHO Smokes Like a Chimney Smokes a Great Deal-and UsuLLY Continuously. The doctor advised him to quit smoking, the doctor said:" You have too much. "Leni The wife also frowned: "You are sitting there every night, just like a big chimney. Smoking is very harmful to the body."

Letan finally listened to the advice and stopped the smoke. Chimney is a smoke-smoked chimney. One person smokes a lot of smoke, or smokes, you can say that he "Smoke Like a Chimney".

Party Pooper

Several friends gathered together, some people proposed to Pasadena (Pasadena, California City) queued to take advantage of New Year's Eve, and the rose flowers in the New Year's Day morning. Just as everyone is so exciting, Jill sing against it, trying to stop us from making it.

So, Belle advised her: "Come on, Take It Easy, Don't Be a 'Party Pooper'!"

I didn't expect JILL to be unreasonable, and immediately jumped up and protests: "No, I didn't put 'odor'!"

A group of people were teased by her, and Belle apologized to Jill: "Sorry, I am sorry, I am not saying your 'Poop' smell, I am telling you to relax, don't sweep everyone!"

You have matches?

Once, I have the opportunity to go to the luxury cruise ship. I want to go back to the room from the bar. I have encountered a lady on the way. She laughed and said: "You have matches?" I glanced, I replied. Say: I am sorry, I quit smoking 15 years ago, I have no match. "She made a meant that I misunderstood her, it seems to be a bit sorry:" It's a joke. "It's a smile. Separated.

Afterwards, I chatted on the dinner table. I took the opportunity to ask a US friend. He explained: "Because she is busy with your two hands, it is a very ordinary joke, not only there is no malicious, but also ask you to ask you No need to help me. "

Sing for one's wupper

In this iDiom, support, supper to live in, and the word sing mens about it same as to work, "Sing for One's Suppine Means That Someone Must Work to Get What He or She Desires, Be IT Money, Food, OR A Home, "Edna Said." EVERYONE ON MY FARM KNOWS He Or She Must Sing for His (or HER) Supper To BE FED, "Edna Smiled. In the idirate in Sing for One's Suppine, Supper refers to money , Food, house, etc., Sing, earn these things with work. Anna said: "Sing for one's support means that if someone wants to get money, food, house, etc., must be obtained by work. In our farm, everyone knows Sing for One's Suppine."

Sing for One's Supper This idiom comes from the street artist "Singing for a living".

The hong kong dog

After a computer class, after the bell rang, the female secretary in the system suddenly ran to the classroom announced: "Dr. Walker Has A Touch for the Hong Kong Dog and Will Be Here a little bit Late."

After listening, I was complaining about the American friends next door to the next door: "Dr. Walker how can he love his dog arrival?"

After Lao Mei listened, I actually broke out and said: "It's really a little smile! The hong kong dog does not really refer to a dog, but refers to someone else to eat bad stomach, diarrhea." This explanation will make me embarrassing There is no place.

Go Dutch

For a big time, I have better relationship with foreign teachers. One day, he invited me to eat dumplings, I am very happy, thinking that he has to meet a good thing, you will be pleased. I opened my belly to eat, eat my mouth, sitting there, waiting for him to pay. He said to me and said to me: "Let's go dutch, ok?" I wondered, and the money didn't pay anything. So, I said: "Ok, but you have to pay the mother first." He listened first, then smiled and paid money, we went back to school. But he did not take the Netherlands. Later, "Go Dutch", "Go Dutch", is the payment of each payment, is what we said. I have become a student who likes to learn, so I am so excused to joke.

CHEW THE FAT

After a Hard Day's Work Nanook and his friends like Nothing Better Than Sit Around A Warm Fire Chewing The Fat. "We't Usually So Busy We don't help the fat." Nanook said. To the chew .

After a day of busy work, Nacherk and his friends favorite thing is to sit in warm fire. Chewing the FAT. Nacher said: "We are too busy, very few have time to chat." From the literal, "Chew the fat" is chewing fat, actually the meaning of chat. "

Darkness in your heart?

That day is my colleague of my colleague John, and we are invited to go to a banquet. See John and his unmarried wife, we sincerely bless. Mr. also chatted with John for a while, saying that these two days of fresh things, only listening to John: "I am in the dark."

I am wondering, this is his big days, but how it is like this.

Going home, talking about John, this knows that in the dark does not mean that it is dark. John said that he said that he didn't know what to say.

So in exactly, that day in the dark is me.

Longan meat is "meat"?

One airport in Canada, the passengers are waiting for the sea, and suddenly there is a riot, and a Chinese woman is holding two boxes of Longan MEATs. The impaired land and customs officials are arguing.

It turned out that Canadian officials saw the words of the dragon eye meat on the box, and the meat was released into "MEAT", so he insisted on that the meat products were confiscated. Chinese women's emotions have repeatedly discontinued the afternoon's meat is fruit, obviously the foreigner dismisses to believe, but instead blame her unconsciously, warned, said if there is no "meat", I can't live, and I will work..

The Chinese suddenly talked, some people explained in English to Canadian officials, and the longan meat is like raisins. It is indeed a fruit that grows from the tree, not any animal. Added Fang official, returning to the raisin, is a dry grape, did not indicate the meat, and why didn't the Longan not marking the dragon's dryness but is not as "meat"? The Chinese present is full of tongue.

As foreigners have, the foreigners have not held the Chinese, a Chinese old lady is quite out. She insists on the customs officer to give her a cup of hot water through the translation. Westerners have no habit of drinking water, they are directly drinking tap water, boiling water is only used to teach tea and coffee, obviously the water is very surprised, I don't know what to play. After the boiling water, the old lady solemnly put the dragon meat into the water, then lifted the cup to demonstrate the dragon eye and swallowed, said: "This is the oriental specialty laurel tea, our Chinese is this."

The old lady's performance made the Canadian Customs personnel tongue, muttered, self-speaking: "In addition to green tea, black tea actually invented the meat tea, the Chinese meat products actually have the movement of plants." Finally Helplessly put the two boxes of "meat".

Where is "帮"?

Mrs. Cuts accidentally cut the finger flow, I rushed into the pharmacy, Dong Qi Xi Xi, shouting: "Where is the bandit?" The clerk heard, all panic, some pick up Telephone to find a policeman, some pick up the stick with me to find Bandit. After I plan, they understood that I found Bandage, not a Bandit (gang).

Sleep Like a log

Once a tree is cut and made into logs, the logs do not do anything. They simply lie quietly on the ground. It's from that idea we met this idiom. When someone sleeps like a log he sleeps very well. "I feel great "Brigitte Yawned," i Slept Like a log last night. Once the tree is smashed, it will only be straight on the ground. So, when a person sleeps, it is called "Sleep Like A Log".

"I feel comfortable," Blade homed, "I slept like the root wood last night."

BIG!

When I just came to the United States, a tumor vaccine was developed in the Tumor Institute, which has been tried in the patient, and I think that my experimental technology is very good. So once my boss said to me: "The experiment's very big." I assumed: "No, it's very small for me." The boss looked at me with a strange vision: "The Vaccine Have Been Tested by Patient (The vaccine has been tried to the patient)

I suddenly felt sorry, hurry back and ask the US technician, they tell me that this is very important, the boss just tell me carefully, I misunderstood.

I checked the dictionary again, I realized that this simple little word is usually used in American proverbs, such as: Big Men, Make Big (flying yellow Tengda), Go over big (wild).

Diarrhoea in the mouth

Our company's director is a Ph.D., we often find him to report, please post.

One day, when I was taking a group of Spanish trade, I talked about the negotiation of a few business, and I talked about that Spanish customers often went online. Director said: "Yes, I know, He Talks Like Diarrhoea in the mouth."

I am a surprised eye next to my heart, think Diarrhoea is not the "diarrhea" we say? Why will I "diarrhea" in my mouth?

He seems to understand the question mark on my face, and immediately added: "You Perhaps don't understand what i meant.tis means this guy talks too much and too fast like diarrhoea."

It turned out that DiarRhoea in the mouth refers to a person talking too much, just like diarrhea.

Bachelor has become a single man

I will let the brother who live in the United States, I am going to believe in his work and life. Soon, I received his reply, say he just got married, life is beautiful, and attached to a photo of a brother. The whole family is happy. After 6 months, the younger brother came again, and the letter said that it was currently "bachelor", served in the university, hoping to change the environment. After reading the letter, the whole family was shocked. How did the brother becomes a single Han, (Bachelor's translation is a single man). He picks up fat, it is hard to find a long-term marriage, and divorce less than a year? I wrote to ask him how to become Bachelor. He reply that he got a degree after graduating from University of Michigan, he would have to work deeply. It turns out that Bachelor is the meaning of bachelor's degree, it is blamed for me in English.

An EAGLE EYE

"Since I appointed a new department head, business has certainly improved," the boss smiled. "The new fellow keeps an eagle eye on all aspects of our operations. He watches the staff with an eagle eye, too." Someone with an eagle Eye Watches Things Closely and Carefully. Nothing escapes his attention.

"Since I appointed a new departmental director, the company's performance has greatly improved." The boss said: "This new person is conscientiously responsible for the company's work, and the supervision of employees is also very strict, and the eyes are like eagle. "

Eagle has excellent vision, although it can also see the underground quarters, and give us a "An Eagle Eye" used to metaphor how to have sharp eyes.

Cast Pearls Before Swine

Although I am bitter, I have a friend who takes a friend to quit smoking and give him a different method and guidance, but he can't always do it, it is still a smoke. He said that he has been smoking for 11 years. It is an old smoke, can't get rid of the scrabil.

Friends Carmen comfort me said: "Don't wait your time and breath. It's not mainh casting pearls before swine! (Literature is: Don't waste your strength, not worth it in front of the pig!)" I can't help but Laughing, because she can't think of she will describe that person is "pig".

Seeing me laughing, carmen explained to me, she didn't have the meaning of the people, and "Cast Pearls Before Swine" is a English idiom, which is the same as the Chinese idiom "to the cow piano".

STATK!

In a visit to school, I saw a copy of the board: "STATK!" I thought: How do I not read this word in the impression? After returning home, you can't find this word.

Please teach other old friends afterwards, just realize! It turns out that this "STATK!" Is not a word, but the abbreviation of "stop talk", the same pronunciation, you must go to class, don't speak! The American language has many speech like Chinese, replaced with simplicity, "for you" becomes "4u"! A windfall

Many words in English began as idioms. A windfall (wind fall) is one of them. It once referred to fruit that had been blown to the ground by the wind, but has now come to mean sudden good luck-Particularly in receiving money Unexpectedly. "Felix Won Some Money In The Lottery and got a welcome windfall."

Many English compound words come from folk customary language, "a windfall" is an example, it is from Wind Fall, the past refers to the fruit of the fall (Fall), the fruit; Just explained as a sudden good luck, especially unexpectedly gain money or homage.

"Flex is buying a lottery in the lottery, it is really flying."

Come Claen

"We Have Ways to make you talk," OFFICER MUTT GRINNED. "IF you guys don't start telling the truth, I'll Find A Way to make you come clean! And i don't think you will enjoy it!" Mutt's dog gruth. To comfort. .....................

"We have a way to let you open," said the policeman said to his suspect.

Matt's dog licking its tongue seems to agree.

"Come Clean" can solve the confession, or the truth, especially after lying or concealing the truth.

There's one born every minute

April Fool's Day April Fool's Day I advised her to give up, but she said: "There's one born every minute." After I heard a fog, there is a person born every minute? " Asked Jenner to understand, this sentence is a saying (as a saying), meaning "There will always be people."

Beast purple?

On a day of watching the magazine, read an interview with a clothing designer that set beautiful and elegant, in introducing her life, "She was born in the purple" (from purple?) Quoted, please ask Jenner. She didn't explain: "In order to separate their own and medium and low class in Europe, royal family and some sond of fame in Europe, often to roll up their sleeves, show off a small arm, show off their arms around the purple blood vessels ( Because they never have a heavy live in the sun, the skin is naturally white, the blood vessels can be seen. Since then, people use Born in the interest to describe those who have born in the royal family or are the families. "It's late, give you one foot?

One day, Jenner told me that she was going to work on the way to work, and the result was half an hour. It was in the mood of the boss, and she repulsed: "if you're late again, you're getting the boot. "So, Jenner feels very wronged. But I feel bad about her boss. This sentence has two explanations: First, if you are late, give you a foot. "The employee is late, the boss will play?" And it is a lady who kicked a woman who violated the gentleman of the British men; second, "... you will get boots." The employee is late, the boss rewards her a pair of boots? This seems to do not match the logic.

Seeing Jenner's mood is not good, I am embarrassed to bother her, I have to go to the dictionary, I finally be big white: get the boot is the meaning of euphemism to dismiss someone, the same, it is also a written expression method is Give Somebody The Boot.

There Is More Than One Way To Get a Pig To Market

This old saying has very little to do with pigs. It means that there are always new and different ways to do difficult things, "I used to have trouble getting Tommy to study his homework," his mother said. "Then I discovered a technique That Worked Wonders: I UNPLUGGED The Television Set. "SHE SMILED," NOW HIS GRADES HAVE IMPROVED AND He's Become a Pleasant Little Boy. You See, There's More Than One Way To Get A Pig To Market! "

This ancient language is not related to the pig. It means that there is usually a new way to solve difficulties. "I can't make Tommy to make homework." His mother said, "Later I found out the sound of the effect: That is to turn off. Now he has improved, turned into a very favorite. Little boy. You see, 'Method for sending the pig market is not only one!' "This old language is directly translated as" the way to send the market is not only one ", but it is independent of pig, but it is often used. Different new methods can cope with difficulties.

IT's all on you!

"It's overflowing." Ms. I cheer on me said to me. I turned back, see the fuel tank is full, but the gasoline does not automatically stop, the gasoline is from the fuel tank. I quickly released the switch of the fuel gun and stopped.

"I Guess It's all on you." The lady opposite said.

What, the oil is on me? I have been surprised, so I'm looking down, I don't dry it on my body, and there is no oil, and the overflowed oil is on the ground.

The oil is all on the ground, why do she say "IT's all on you"? I'm weird.

After the company, ask the colleagues, colleagues, laugh: "of course it's all on you."

It turned out that "On" has the meaning of "above ...", "it means that" it's all on you "means, add oil in the fuel tank. And the oil flowing on the ground is worth paying.

Only a place

I joined the US Army in September 1995 in September 1995 in September 1995. After the military training, I was assigned to the famous 18th Empty Division of the 18th Army of North Card to do administrative work. In March 1996, he participated in the two-week field training for the whole camp. One morning, I have to go to breakfast, the squad leader said to me: "SGT.Qian, can you bring me a place," I am wondering, how can I ask: "Only a place?" The squad leader said: "YES. "So I got a long team, I got a breakfast and took an empty paper tray.

After returning to the phone, I handed my meal with my meal. She took the empty paper tray (a place) to the squad leader, she took the empty plate, stunned, very wonderful, then reacted, smiled and said loudly: " YES, SGT.Qian, you are exactly right! "And telling this story to other warriors, everyone laughs out tears.

It turned out that the squad leader said. It means that I will help you bring a breakfast back. And I put a place as a literal understanding, thinking is an empty plate.

Go Off the Deep End

In North America, when a person goes off the deep end, he or she does something that could be considered quite foolish. "When Audrey got a small increase in her salary, she went off the deep end and immediately bought a new car!" When Someone in Britain Goes Off The Deep End, He or She Becomes Angry, "When off the deep end and refused to talk to him for a week!"

In North America, when a person "jumping into the deep end of the pool", he (she) may have a quite a lot of things. "Odley has risen a little salary, so I have forgotten it, I will bought a new car!" In the UK, when someone "jumping into the deep end of the pool", he said he (she) is angry. "Mary's boyfriend forgot her birthday, she was very angry, not talking to my boyfriend for a week." If a person does not understand swimming, it is ranking the Deep End of the pool (the Deep End), which is probably. As a result, "Go Off The Deep End" is metaphor: First, act in the law;

HANG ON

On one side of the boss, I creating a talk business, while waiting for another manufacturer quoted ... When the ringtones are ringing, I am next to the phone, and it is the quotation manufacturer, I ask the boss to answer the phone immediately. He said to me: "hang on", I don't understand that he wants me to wait a moment, I will "hang" "." The old boss is straight.

No Standing and Free-Standing

No standarding means parking here, even if the driver does not work in the car, it is "Don't stop" or "no car at all", which is usually crowded in large urban traffic.

As for "no parking", it means that it is not allowed to park this, but the driver can still sit in the car for a while, if necessary, can move the car at any time, that is, "you may stay in your car for a short period of time." .

But Free-standing is adjective, meaning "independent", multi-refers to a special building or a certain decoration of a large building. (Individual or Separate Building for a specific purpose)

For example: There is a new free-standarding restaurant Near The Downtown Area. (There is a new independent restaurant near the city center)

Calf love

Bright Eyes has a new friend and he seems to be in love with her! "She's a beautiful calf named Sadie." Bright Eyes smiled. It may seem unusual for a dog to de remantic about a calf, but I will not say anything to Bright Eyes about that because he's helping me explain the expression calf love. calf love is kind of youthful love that young people have for each other. "I do not have calf love!" Bright Eyes exclaimed. "Sadie and I are just Good friends! "

Brant Ees has a new friend, it looks like he falls in love with her. Blanite laughed: "She is a beautiful girl, called Sandi." A dog had a bull with Roman Tiki idea, it seems to be very unusual. But I won't post any comments, because Brant helps me to understand the meaning of Calf Love. Calf is a calf; "Calf love" is a like a love between young men.

Brant explained: "I and Sandy didn't have early love, we are just good friends."

Out to Lunch!

I was buried with my colleagues a year. I turned into a lunch break. When the company Rid, the old-grade advisor, I visited the first, I saw that he had to go out, said: "Out to lunch?"

Mr. Old suddenly doned, then the child was smiling as a smile; smile so open, even his face was blocked. Seeing the colleague, he gasped, he gasped told us that Out to Lunch's positive means to have lunch, if it is a slave solution, it means that this person is unclear, it is dreamed of daydreaming, not focus, and even have a stay meaning. .

Nickel and Dime Someone

A customer is going to bargain on the phone online and I will cut off a big money in my quotation. At the time, I was strategic to him, he said: "I am not trying to nickel and diam you." I replied at the time: "I don't need your nickel and diam." (I don't need a score angle), afterwards, after the US colleague, the original customer is the price at the time. Nickel and Dime Someone is a bargaining.

Where is SUBWAY?

Before the year before the year, I wanted to go back to San Francisco. The plane took off at 8 o'clock in the morning. We want her to go to the airport by the subway, but I don't know if the first class of the subway is driving. The little girl will call the cheap station, and then call each other. I only listen to her conversation: "What? 9: 00AM begins, what should I do?" The other party replied: "This, I do not know."

Later, we found that the original little female pronunciation could not be clear, and the number of the Subway Station was not a Subway Store (a Sandwich Store) phone number.

Just eat grapes and don't eat

On a certain day, I learned that Pyongenol grape is also known as OPC (Oligoem-Ric Proanthocyanidis low-gathering flutinine), is a strong antioxidant, protecting cardiovascular, healthy food store, and then telling heart disease brothers. The nephew was busy working at home. After listening to it, he said: "It is no wonder that his heart is not good, because he is usually eating grapes, don't eat." Everyone was moon laugh.

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Computer English noun 简 简 (reproduced)

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Computer English noun 简简 (reproduced)