I. CMM generating software capability maturity, referred to as CMM) is first proposed by Software Engineering Institute (SOFTWARE ENGING INSTITUTE, abbreviated as SI). SEI is the establishment of the US Department of Defense. The task of SEI is to provide a series of technical management methods to improve software engineering levels to ensure that US defense can obtain and support their precise software systems through cost, progress, and quality prediction and improvement.
The task contains four goals:
1. By definition, evaluation and maturation prediction of practical and technologically (or unprofitable technology) to accelerate the practice and technology of high-efficiency software engineering.
2. Maintain a long-term and effective qualification work in software engineering and technology transformation
3. Make industrial and government organizations to achieve planning improvements in software engineering through their own direct efforts.
4. Promote the outstanding standards adopted by the continuous application of software projects
Second, CMM management ideological foundation
The basic idea of CMM is based on the quality principles of more than 60 years of history. Walter Shewart issued statistical quality control principles, W.EDwards and Joseph Juran's work on quality and further develop and argue the principle. In fact, the idea of increasing quality principles is the case of the maturity frame, and he first proposed in the "Quality IS Free), his quality management maturity network depicts quality The five evolution phases during practice, and the framework was later further improved by IBM Radice and his colleagues in the guidance of Watts Humphrey to accommodate software processes. In 1986, Hanfrira took this mature frame to SEi and increased the concept of maturity level, and used these principles to software development, and developed into a software process maturity framework, forming the current software industry being used.
Early version of the maturity framework of Hanfrira is published in 1987 SEI technical report. The report also published a preliminary maturity questioncycle, which provides a method for software organization assessment for tools. In 1987, it further developed two methods of software process assessment and software capabilities to estimate the maturity of software process. Since 1990, SEI has applied the framework to software process improvement in the process of software, further expanding and refining the model. At present, the software capability maturity model version 2.0 has been revised.
However, the ultimate goal of the company is to provide customers with their own products or services to customers, let customers satisfied, try their best to make this process continue to repeat, and can constantly grow, and can continue to create profits. So, we should understand:
First, the company's mission is to create value for the customer, and strive to create value for the customer.
Second, it is a variety of operations of the company. And a job is made up of a series of activities that can create value for customers. Various activities constituting a job is done by employees, but various activities are meaningless to customers, and customers are concerned about these activities. result. That is, only a combination of various activities constitutes a complete job to create value, customers don't care about how to combine these activities. Therefore, for the consideration of customer interests, the construction of the operation should strive to "complex in which it is simple."
Third, the success of the enterprise causes from excellent job performance. Despite high quality products or services, outstanding talents and excellent strategies are essential to companies, but they do not guarantee the success of the company. Because, product or services, talents and strategies can only contribute to the success of the business career. That is, they only combine these high quality elements through the job, they have substantive significance. This high-performance job is a centralized reflection of business advantages. Fourth, excellent job performance is achieved through scientific job design, appropriate personnel allocation and a good work environment. Because the scientific operation design can be solited to react to the customer's demand changes. It is the fundamental guarantee of the effectiveness of the homework itself; the appropriate personnel can obtain collective wisdom and combat power; the good environment can stimulate the work of employees, Promote employees to constantly surpass themselves. For software companies, its success comes from the excellent software development process. To achieve excellent software development process, you have to manage and improve software enterprise processes in accordance with the above four points. Therefore, it can be considered that the essence of the CMM model is an emerging management idea and method. It contains the "Continuos Improvement" management philosophy of Europe and the United States and Japan, which has been infiltrated to the specific management of all walks of life. One of the modern enterprises in the management of modern enterprises.
Continuos Improvement The meaning is: Perceived the possible cause of the implementation of the implementation in the implementation of the prior field of view (including a specific design, work mode, and its cost element thereof), a variety of means of the pre-camp specification constraints Make the maximum possible effect (optimal cost / efficiency ratio), and cooperate with the corresponding effect metering and evaluation method to ensure that the actual process is controlled by the forecast of low-cost operation. I personally think that the CMM focusing on the software process is a continuous improvement performance, and focusing on software process assessment and software capability evaluation and improvement of energy echoes, the idea of the CMM model is to prevent the idea of project failure, that is, what we said Thought of continuous improvement.
Third, continuous improvement (Continuos Improvement)
Although software engineers and managers usually know their problem in detail, what improvements are currently the most important issues, they may have different opinions from each other. It is difficult to reach an agreement between an organization's improvement strategy, management personnel and professionals. It is difficult to achieve unanimous advice. After in-depth investigation and research, it is finally recognized that the improvement of the software process cannot be successful, and the software process improvement needs to be continuously improved. The software process improvement is in a series of small, continuous development, not revolutionary innovative steps. Implemented. This is the embodiment of continuous improvement.
Variability is generated when there is a small difference between similar things. When a process or system resources have variability, the corresponding system output will also be variability. For example, when the quality of the raw material or the manufactured component is deviated, the quality of the final product changes. It is called "into the waste, waste products". Therefore, research continuous improvements requires the variability of the resource used by the system and the variability of the production process employed. Any system will show variability. A certain degree of variation is natural, this variation does not necessarily mean that the system is unstable or poor quality or cost is high, but too much or abnormal variation indicates that the system is unstable - the quality of its output is inconsistent or cannot be Predict. This is a dangerous situation for any company, because unstable quality will affect customer satisfaction. To maintain customer satisfaction, we must improve product quality, reduce the cost of products, and enhance product marketing level. To improve product quality, reduce product cost, enhance product marketing level, must reduce system variation. The research continuous improvement process is to clarify where the variation in the system occurs, why happened. Once you know the cause of the variation, you can find some way to reduce this variation to stabilize the business process, so that the company has improved. 1, continuous improvement cycle
If you only solve a small problem, only change the specific process slightly, and then it is ignored until the problem, this is not enough. As the name of "continuous improvement" is implicit: must be continuously carried out. Continuous improvement means that the system is often analyzed, and it is meticulously collects data and has been studied. It is meticulously test deviation. Each company employees regard continuous improvements as part of their work. Continuous improvements should be considered a loop. Participation in continuous improvement needs to continue to continuously in this cycle for a long time. In other words, when a problem seems to be solved, and the participation of employees has not ended, there is still another improvement to implement, there is another system to analyze, or there is another creative research.
2. Improvement of strengthening process
The next step is to make the transformation of the implementation become a standard part of the system. The team should start a simple report, indicating the new rules in the testing process and the impact of the improvement on the system. The report must list the advantages of change, including new systems implementation and maintenance, to determine the new system to achieve new performance levels. If the team's recommendations are accepted by the manager, the team needs to monitor the system according to the planned monitoring system. You will be able to point out the existence of the problem, found where the staff returned to the old work mode. The goal of this step is to make the new process become standard operating rules. Remember that it is necessary to carefully train and support during the implementation of change.
3. Continue continuous improvement cycle
When you are confident that the new process is strengthened and becomes a natural component of the work process, it is ready to start the next continuous improvement cycle. You will start from the analysis system because the change of the previous loop may have changed.
4, summary
Enterprise managers must understand that the survival of companies depends on your ability to provide better service than other companies. Providing higher quality services can reach the target of survival by providing higher quality services through faster response to customer needs. Once you and your employees enter the continuous improvement cycle, you will have better information, more fresh creativity, better processes and quality control, you will reach the dream "unexpected high level of performance".
