First, the preface I am engaged in SQA work in the business, and the work based on SEPG work is based on CMM3 process improvement. In practice, there is more ideas and understanding of SQA's work. This article is a personal opinion, please advise, if you want to contact your own, please send email to: heqingmail@163.net.
Second, SQA theoretical exploration
2.1, the process of understanding
We all know that the main content of a project is: cost, progress, quality; good project management is a comprehensive three-way factor, balance three objects, and finally complete the task in accordance with the goal. The three aspects of the project are mutual restrictions and influence, sometimes on these three balance strategies even become an enterprise-level requirement, determine the behavior of the company, we know that IBM software is the most important goal of quality, and Microsoft's "good software" strategy is even more familiar, these quality objectives are in fact based on the strategic goals of the enterprise. Therefore, the SQA work used to carry out quality assurance should also be based on the strategic objectives of the enterprise, think of SQA from this perspective, forming the theoretical understanding of SQA.
The software community has reached a consensus: the factors affecting the progress, cost and quality of the software project are mainly "people, process, technology".
First of all, it is the first in these three factors.
Now many people who implement CMM indulge in CMM is too emphasized, "process", which is very dangerous. This idea has violently slammed abroad, from a variety of agile process methods in a sense, is a reflection on the emphasis process.
One of the ideas in "XP" is worth thinking about it. My personal opinion adheres to the "people-oriented", emphasizes the harmony of the process and people.
According to the survey of modern software engineering, discovery management is the main reason for the failure of the project. The importance of this fact is illustrative of "To ensure that the project is not lost, we should pay more attention to management", pay attention to this fact that there is no explanation of another problem "to ensure the success of the project." Many people are now based on a rough logic. From a factually reversed to this conclusion, it is logically erroneous, this error forms more wrong practices, this is deeper in SQA understanding.
If we have given a historical evolution, we should easily understand the essence of CMM. CMM first is as an "evaluation criteria", mainly assessing the ability of US Department of Defense suppliers to ensure quality. Software production of CMM is as follows:
Quality
Large scale
This is the cause of CMM. It introduces the idea of "comprehensive quality management", especially focuses on "process methods" in "comprehensive quality management", and introduces "statistical process control" method. It can be said that these two ideas are the foundation behind CMM.
The above content forms my basic understanding of software process, value; on this basis, we can discuss SQA.
2.2, the metaphor of the production line
If a software production is more than one factory production. Then the production line is the process, and the product is produced in accordance with the provisions of the production line. The responsibility of SQA is to ensure the implementation of the process, that is, to ensure the normal implementation of the production line.
The abstract management system model is as follows, which shows that a process system should at least contain three important aspects of "decision making, execution, feedback".
QA's duty is to ensure the effective implementation of the process, and the supervisory project is under project activities; it is not responsible for supervisory products, not responsible for providing projects to management, not responsible for management, only representing management The execution of the process.
2.3, combination of SQA and other work
In many companies, mixing SQA's work and QC, Sepg, and organizational-level project managers are mixed together, sometimes even more paying attention to other work without doing SQA's job.
According to HJHZA's opinion "China now has three QA (different points according to the focus): First, the process improvement, one is the configuration management type, one is test type." I personally think is because SQA work and other different work are formed together. The following is a description according to the relationship between the experience.
2.4, QA and QC
Basic responsibilities
QC: Quality of the quality of the product, guarantee the product in line with customer needs; product quality inspector;
QA: Quality of the audit process, the guarantee process is implemented correctly; it is the process quality auditor;
Pay attention to different inspection and auditing
Check: It is what we often say, it is picking the disease;
Audit: Confirm the evidence of the project; take a closer look at the terminology used in the KPA inspection in the KPA in CMM, the content of the audit is mainly the process; the control CMM looks at the project manager and senior manager The review content, they pay more attention to the specific content.
The quality control of the above management system, QC, feedback quality information to management; QA ensures that QC will conduct quality control activities according to the process, and the inspection results will be reported to the management according to the process. This is the relationship between QA and QC work.
Under such division of labor, QA as long as the project has not been active in accordance with the process, and the output is not; and QC checks whether the product meets quality requirements.
If the company has QC personnel and QA staff is not equipped, it can be determined first by QC and QA work. However, it can only be temporary, independent QA personnel should have, because QC work is to follow process requirements, but also to be audited, this mixing situation, it is difficult to ensure the QC work of the process.
2.5, QA and SEPG
Basic responsibilities
Sepg: The process of formulation, improvement process;
QA: Make sure the process is correctly implemented
SEPG should provide a process guidance to help the project group formulate project processes to help project groups; thus help project groups work efficiently, effective implementation processes. If the project and QA understanding of the process, SEPG is the final arbitrator. In order to improve the effective process, the SEPG must analyze the data of the project.
QA This is also necessary for process specifications, then the most experienced QA in all QAs, the most capable QA can participate in SEPG, but pay attention to the difference between the two.
If the company's SEPG has a relatively profound development background, it can serve as SQA work, so that the process is constantly improving; however, due to legislation, law enforcement is easy to cause SQA too strong, affecting the independence of the project.
The management process is relatively mature, as the company's cultural and management mechanisms have been perfect, and the SQA duties are less work, and it is often only developed a clear focus on specific projects, so that SQA's audit work will greatly decrease, so that it can be audited at the same time More projects.
On the other hand, due to the advancement of division of labor, the complexity of the management system often requires full-time SEPG, which requires all the management processes and operations of the enterprise. On this basis, it can coordinate the overall process improvement, then Understanding the global SQA person is the main selection of full-time SEPG; these SQA people will gradually translate into SEPG, and more understanding management knowledge, and SQA work has gradually become their part-time job.
This situation is relatively more common in many CMM5 companies, often seeing SQA personnel appearing or rarely appearing in the project group, and this SEPG and SQA fusion are particularly conducive to the organization's process improvement. SEPG determines the process improvement content, the SQA program focuses on these improvements, especially beneficial to achieve CMM5, from guarantee effective improvements. From this perspective, the foreign SQA personnel do not understand why high salary is not understanding, and it has also determined the current reasons why China SQA staff is more despised; because the management process is not perfect, our SQA staff have not produced such a big value! 2.6, QA and organization of supervision and management
Some companies have established a role in order to better monitor the management project, I have been named "Organizational Level Supervision Manager", their duty is to ensure unified tracking, supervision, appropriate management of all projects to ensure management Layer to all items visibility, manageability.
In order to effectively manage projects, "Organizational Level Supervision Manager" must analyze the data of the project.
Their role of their responsibilities is the model of the above picture, is to perform "feedback" function.
QA itself does not make feedback work, and feedback on the information execution of the process.
SQA duties are best not to mix with the "organizational level project manager", otherwise SAQ dilemma: On the one hand, SQA cannot accurately position your own work, and the process executor has a big care for SQA staff. .
If a better management process is established, then the visibility of the project will be enhanced, thereby ensuring better management of all projects; and QA to ensure the operation of this management process.
Third, SQA work content and working methods
3.1, plan
Develop SQA programs for specific projects to ensure that the project team performs the correct implementation process. Developing an SQA program should pay attention to the following:
Have a focus: according to corporate goals and the focus of auditing
Clear audit content: specify which activities, those products
Clear auditing method: determine how to audit
Clear rules of the audit results report: Who is the result of the audit?
3.2, audit / confirmation
According to the SQA program, the SQA audit work is performed, and the audit results report are issued in accordance with the rules.
Pay attention to the audit must have a project team personnel to accompany, and cannot engage in sudden attacks. Both parties want to open public, honest.
The content of the audit: Whether the corresponding activity is performed in accordance with the process, whether the corresponding product is generated according to the process requirements.
3.3, problem tracking
The issues found in the audit require the project group to improve and follow until resolved.
Four, SQA quality
The process is centered: The problem should be considered at the perspective of the process, as long as the process is guaranteed, QA will fulfill the responsibility.
Service Spirit: Serve the project team to help the project group ensure the correct implementation process
Understanding the process: profoundly understanding the project of the company, and has certain process management theory
Understand the development: understanding the basic situation of development work, understanding the activities of the project
Communication skills: Good at communication, can create a good atmosphere, avoiding auditing activities a kind of finding activities.
