I usually use the Linux system on my PC.
Some Linux programs I have often used are listed below. There may be a lot in a list, that is to make you choose, I list more trusted. But in fact, there are many only one that I am really useful, because I don't like a trial program.
Shell: bash. It combines the advantages of CSH and KSH, and has a Readline feature, you can bind your keyboard at will, using Emacs or VI's way to help you enter the command line. Info Bash can get a very detailed Bash manual, for efficient use of Bash, you'd better look at this. You can write a .bashrc in this note, you can also write a .INPUTRC to configure the Readline library, so that other programs that use Readline can also use the same method to enter, very good. You can see a Readline introduction I wrote. Editor: Emacs, Vim. Emacs is a very powerful editor, which is the strongest in the world. It has the ability to make it forever. So I will of course recommend Emacs. There are many kinds of Emacs, you can choose GNU Emacs, Emacs-Scheme, Xemacs, Emacs-Scheme, Xemacs, Edwin, Hemlock, ... I use GNU Emacs. Vim is the improvement of VI, it is recommended to be familiar with Vim, because many other programs such as Tin , MUTT, Firebird BBS uses a key binding similar to VIM, and VIM's key to help regular expressions, such as "^" and "$". On the UNIX machine, sometimes you are forced to use vi, and vi is modal. If you are familiar with the editor of Windows, it is difficult to accept Vim's working mode, so you need to adapt. Program development: GCC, Make, LD, Scheme48, CMU CM CM, J2SDK, Perl, Python, TCL / TK ... This configuration has nothing to say, do you use what you use to see the document. Management projects can be checked with Valgrinder with make, automake, autoc, autoheader, ... memory leaks. Documentation Tools: LaTex, Context, Texmacs. Latex can be used to write a paper or simple slide, and Context can make a very beautiful screen document. Texmacs can be very comfortable, the edited documentation of WySIWYG, it is better than Word, WordPro, WPS, LYX, is Wysiwyg, it is true Wysiwyg, very beautiful. And it can be configured with Guile / Scheme. Drawing Tools: MetaPost. It is a precise descriptive drawing language. You can also draw pictures such as Xfig, Dia. XGRAPH can draw simple data graphs. Grace, and GNUPLOT, you can draw complex diverse data graphics, fitted curve, histogram, and pie charts. Here is a grab map of grace. Image Processing: Import programs in ImageMagicks can screen, the Convert program can convert the image format, Display can display pictures and simple editing (zoom, changing quality, transfer format, simple drawing, simplified). Usually I need this. If you want more powerful image tools, you can use GIMP, it's almost almost similar to Photoshop. I'm trying to use it, CONVERT knows how to use it, and Display shows the picture and click the mouse on the picture. It is very simple, not to say. Image Display Browse: gthumb, compUpic. Where gthumb is a complete free software, browsing pictures very stable and convenient.
CompuPIC performance is very good and the speed is 3 times faster than ACDSee. But note that compUPIC is not free software. Numerical calculation program: Octave. This program can basically implement all of the numerical calculation functions of MATLAB, and the syntax is the same as MATLAB. There are also Linux version of Matlab. Algebra Calculation Programs: Maxima. This program is based on one of the oldest computer algebra systems in the world: MACSYMA system. It is implemented with Common Lisp. Many current symbol computing programs such as MAPLE learn a lot from Maxima. I wrote a simple introduction to Maxima. Through this introduction, you will find Maxima's glorious history, experience the importance of free software. Maxima is now issued with GPL, which is always a free software. The Linux version of Mathematica or Maple is also very good. Encrypted program: gnupg. My PGP key is it. But tell the truth, I have never used it where it is. Pack, compress the program. Everything: tar, gzip, bzip2, zip, rar, ... For TAR usually you only need to know 3 parameters: zxf (unpacking), ZCF (package), ZTF (what is the file in the package). There are not many other words. Virtual optical drive program. Linux does not require a virtual optical drive program, you have to look at the content of an ISO file, and you will go directly. For example, mount -o loop mycd.iso / mnt / cdrom. To make a disc, you can use DD, such as if your CD-ROM is / dev / hdb, then: DD if = / dev / hdb of = mycd.iso can make a disc image file called Mycd.iso FTP server: Proftpd, VSFTPD. Proftpd is very strong, but I only use the simplest setting. WWW server: apache. I have set up Apache, but I found that it is useless to me, because my machine will not have been driving waiting for others to visit. So although it is set, it is idle. FTP client: LFTP, NCFTP. They are all working, but they are more convenient than the graphical interface. For example, LFTP almost all of the convenient features of Bash, Tab complements, Bookmark, Queue, background download, mirror ... Linux also has a graphical interface FTP client, but most of the unstable, there are many problems. This is a small reason for many people complaining that Linux is not as good as Windows. There are still many people to simulate Windows LeAPFTP in Wine, in fact, LFTP is much better than LeaPFTP, and you need it. It works very much like Bash, so I suggest you get familiar with BASH. LFTP default does not display the welcome information and error message of the FTP server, which is not convenient for many times, because you may want to know that this server is because it is not booted, or the number of connections is full. If this is the case, you can write a line of Debug 3 in ~ / .lftprc, you can see the error message. Automatic download tool: wget. It is very stable, once I downloaded a program, using the files downloaded with IE and Mozilla to download back, and finally WGET reliably transmits data. With it, it can even mirror the entire website, compared to Webzip's Windows program, and will not insert an advertisement in the downloaded webpage because you don't pay. Info Wget can get a complete instructions.
Here is a command to download my entire web page with wget: wget -r -p -np -k http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn/homepage/015450/index.html virtual terminal: RXVT Screen. I launched a Screen in RXVT, which can use a terminal as a few to use, and can connect to the virtual terminals on console and x, remote and native, and the function is very powerful. C-a? Can be helpful. Note It is very useful for its DETACH. X Server: Xfree86. If you don't understand XWindow, you can look at this understanding XWindow. Window Manager: Sawfish, FVWM. FVWM compilation is best to join libstroke. See my FVWM page for details. Sawfish can be set with LISP, for Sawfish, please see here. I don't have a special requirement for WM. As long as you can set a few hot keys, it is convenient to open the terminal window, and the setting window is always the top, the hotkey mark window is. Chinese input: fcitx. It supports pinyin, double spell, five and two inputs. It is extremely convenient to install, not relying on any special library. Also recommend that you can also use SCIM. Email Process: MUTT Sendmail (Postfix) Fetchmail. See my MUTT web page. If you feel that the configuration is very trouble, your email traffic is very small, actually you can log in to your mailbox with Web. If you email subscribed to many mailing lists, it is recommended to use GNUS. See PDF, PS, DJVU file: Acrobat Reader, XPDF, GhostScript, GV, DJVU Toolkit, and Netscape plugins. They are all available for free. Look at Caj, Surround Document. Cajviewer seems to have no Linux version, don't know why. See page: Phoenix, Mozilla, Konquer, Galeon, Lynx, W3M, Links, ... Mozilla and Phoenix XFT display effect is much better than IE. I can see my screen graphic. Phoenix is much easier than IE and Mozilla. Take a look at my phoenix graphic. English-Chinese Dictionary: DICTD, WordNet, IBM Smart Dictionary, Star Translation King. Dictd is a dictionary server, you can download a server and a lot of speakers to Dict.org. Including Webster 1913, WordNet, Cide, Foldoc, ... I also installed the British and French, French Dictionary, and even devil Dictionary: P My Emacs can use an extended connection dictionary server called Dictionary, I can use the mouse button to check the word Ital, see this grasp. I can also use the screen to touch the word function to see this graphic. WordNet is a strange dictionary. You can take a look at this introduction. Edit the page: I write HTML directly with Emacs or Vim. This is very convenient. You can see it from the graphical figure. If you want a graphical way, you can use other things such as WebSphere, Screem, Bluefish, which can construct more complex web pages. Log in to other UNIX, Linux machines: OpenSSH, Telnet. I like to use OpenSSH to transfer other machine X programs through the SSH encrypted tunnel to my machine. DISPLAY service: rdesktop, logged in to Windows2000 Server, ... I have tried it a day, not bad. I have never used it later. Synchronization program: rsync.
