ATX power technology detailed: http://bbs.zol.com.cn/new/static_book2/169/695/169_19695.shtml
Analysis of the ATX power control circuit: http://bbs.zol.com.cn/new/static_book2/104/640/104_22640.SHTML
Basic composition of the power supply: http://power.zol.com.cn/2004/0707/106733.shtml
Power working principle: http://www.ocer.net/Article/a_show.php? Id = 3941 & p = 2
Power filter protection circuit in-depth anatomy: http://www.pconline.com.cn/diy/front/zone/actual/0309/218493.html
Common from the faults caused by the power supply: 1. The power supply causes the hard disk to make a bad or damage to the hard disk. It is easy to cause a false trip to the hard disk. This fault can generally be repaired by software, but if you still continue to use inferior power supply, the hard disk may cause permanent unpaid. damage. Our colleague's computer, every time you turn it on, the hard disk will make a sound, and the hard disk often has a bad track in no reason, resulting in data unread, check the hard disk, did not find the physical bad track, will be used When the "250W" power supply is replaced with a standard 250W power supply, there is no previous noise when the hard disk starts, and the hard disk has no false trips without no reason. This is because the output current of the power supply is unstable, and the hard drive motor speed is uneven. If we have a similar failure, check the hard disk without finding a malfunction, then it is very likely that the power is caused. Of course, not all hard disk failures are caused by the power supply. 2. CD-ROM's reading performance is not good, a new bundled optical drive reading performance is not good, often read the plate dead machine, and the optical drive and disc itself does not have any quality problems, then it is very likely that the power is caused. Another editorial colleague, newly buy a Samsung Kangbao, but frequently read crazy with genuine disc installation tool software, and the CD-ROM's read disc reaction is also very dull, often reading for a long time to read the disc. It is still the same after replacing the disc. Helpless, I have to change a new other brand new Kangbao optical drive, and the reading effect is still not good. Later, after a new power source was replaced, the optical drive readout was normal. 3. Noise intervenes uses a better sound card, and the sound card noise is very large. In addition to electromagnetic interference in the chassis, the quality of the power output is not high. It is also a reason: due to the filtering circuit of the inferior power supply, the output voltage is large, resulting in sound card Noise increases. 4. After the overclocking, the system is unstable and the performance is lowered. Some users' own DIY computer is to feel the fun of system performance improvement after overclocking, and after overclocking, the system performance is improved, but in response, power consumption is also improved, which has a higher demand for power supply. If the inferior power supply is used, it may cause the power indicator until the system needs after overclocking, resulting in a deadline, automatic restart, etc. 5. After installing multiple hard drives or after the optical drive, the system does not start or start difficult. Some users use multiple hard drives or optical drives, or RAID, but the system starts difficulties. I need to press the start button multiple times to start, or it is suddenly automatically restarting in the use. If the hard disk or the motherboard itself is no problem, it is very It may be due to insufficient power supply. 6. The power supply causes the display screen unstable use of inferior power to power supply, it is possible to affect the AGP display portion, the fault phenomenon is, the display is water corrugation, the display is unstable, the picture is shake, if the quality of the display card itself is no problem, strict According to the designation of the display chip group manufacturer standard, it is very likely that the power supply is unstable to power the motherboard. In addition, the power supply can initiate electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic interference, hurt the user's personal safety, affecting the normal workpiece of other electrical appliances, so the important sex of the power supply is unpredictable.
The relevant certification of the power supply is a quality and excellent power supply. It is mainly to see how it is safe authentication. Generally speaking, the more certified certification items, the higher the quality reliability of the power supply. As an ordinary consumer, when you select a power supply, you should try to obtain a lot of safety certification. And common safety certification, in addition to the 3C, "Great Wall" well known, and we will make a introduction to everyone. CCC Certification On August 1, 2002, my country has begun to implement a mandatory product certification system - 3C certification, all name is "China Compulsory Certification". The mandatory product certification system is a product qualified assessment system for the protection of consumer personal safety and national security, strengthening product quality management, and implemented in accordance with laws and regulations. In order to fulfill the envoyance of the entry, the Chinese government issued a mandatory product certification system from 3 December 2001. From August 1, 2002, the National Certification and Supervision Story began to accept the 19 major batch of mandatory product catalogs. Application for certification applications for class 132 products. Includes cars, safety glass, low voltage storage cabinets and other products. In these 19 class 132 products, a computer's power supply (referred to as power supply) is included. According to the National Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Supervision and Management Committee, the Notice on Implementation of Mandatory Product Certification System (Country Certification [2001] No. 30) stipulates that the new national mandatory certification system has been enforced on August 1, 2002 (using CCC certificate). The old system was abolished from August 1, 2003 (stop using CCEE, CCIB and other certificates). From May 1, 2002 to July 31, 2003 for the new certificate, during which CCEE, CCIB certification was stopped during this time. Now there are four versions of the 3C certificate: CCC (S) safety certification, CCC (S & E) safety and electromagnetic compatibility certification, CCC (EMC) electromagnetic compatibility certification, CCC (F) fire certification. CCC (s) only represents the adopted safety standard, has stopped using it on 31 July 2003. 3C certification mainly proposes two requirements for security and electromagnetic compatibility for power supply, only at the same time obtaining security and electromagnetic compatibility certification will be granted the CCC (S & E) flag, and can continue sales after August 1, 2003. Power supplies that can be sold in China now must be powered by CCC (S & E). The FCC certification FCC is a certification of electromagnetic interference. The power will produce strong electromagnetic interference during operation. If you do not shield, you may have an impact on the display, motherboard, and other electrical equipment, even bring harm to the human body. Therefore, there is a strict provision for electromagnetic interference in the international standard. The general standards have two types of FCC-A industrial standards and FCC-B civil standards. Only in accordance with the FCC-B power supply is harmless to the human body. UL Certification UL (Insurers Test) is the most authoritative and non-profitable private safety testing agency in the United States. It is mainly conducting safety line tests and inspections of various equipment, systems and materials. It is confirmed whether there is danger to life and property. And published the test results. UL published hundreds of criteria, most of which were adopted by the National Standards Association (ANSI). Overall, the UL standard can be divided into: requirements for the product structure, the requirements of the raw materials used, the requirements for the components used, the requirements for test instruments and test methods, the requirements for product logos and descriptions, etc. . UL certification is now one of the world's most stringent certification. CSA certification CSA is a referred to as the Canadian Standards Association, and is a non-profit organization specializing in the development of industrial standards in Canada and is one of the most famous certification bodies in the world. Electronic, electrical appliances such as electronics, electrical appliances in the North American market have to obtain CSA security certification.
This standard is mainly provided for product, process, material testing methods, safety and materials of services, and materials. CE certification CE is an abbreviation of the "EU" Latin, which is a qualified product mark that has been implemented by the EU. The CE mark is a mandatory pass and one of the basic certification criteria for power production, which requires power products to protect the health and safety of users and the basic requirements of environmental protection. CCEE certification is China's electrician certification is certified by the China Electrotechnics Commission. Because of its logo like "Great Wall", it is commonly known as "Great Wall Certification", but this type of call is actually wrong. Some consumers will misunderstand that CCEE is certified by a company, which is extremely wrong. CCEE is the most basic certification in China, including CCEE certification, including some small household appliances. This certification was abolished on August 1, 2003 and was replaced by CCC certification. Unlike CCC certification, CCEE does not have EMC (electromagnetic compatibility certification), and CCC certification includes CCEE, CCIB (China Import and Export Quality Certification), EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility Certification), so the radiation of CCC is smaller than the CCEE power supply. In addition, the CCC power supply contains a PFC (power factor correction) circuit, which can improve the power factor of the power supply, so that the power supply is more powerful, we will introduce this later. Therefore, the quality of the CCC-certified power supply is higher than the CCEE certified power supply.
Power-related performance and parameter introduction 1. The defined computer of the power supply is the direct-current converter that converts AC-converted to PC (PC) computer work, is the typical switching power supply (also known as switching power) in the electrical industry. There are 11 parts, namely: input gradation, including EMI filter, bridge rectifier circuit; power factor adjustment grade, including power factor adjustment circuit; power level, power switch, pulse width change, drive circuit, isolation High frequency transformer, rectifier diode, output filter; reciprocal, including amplifiers, optical isolators, protection circuits. 2. The working principle of the switching power supply and the working process of workflow switching power supply are the lower DC voltage (DC) required to convert the higher AC voltage (AC) into the PC operation by running high frequency switching techniques. The workflow is as follows: When the main electricity enters the power supply, the high-frequency clutch and interference signal will be removed by the choke coil and capacitive filter, and then high-voltage direct current is obtained through rectification and filtering, and then enter the core portion of the power source - switching circuit. The switching circuit converts the DC electrically to high frequency pulse DC, and then the high-frequency switch transformer bucks, then filtering the high frequency communication portion, so that the last output is a relatively pure low voltage direct current. Since the switching circuit is the core portion of the power supply, the computer power source is called the switching power tching power supply). 3. Development of switching power supply Since the birth of the first PC, the PC computer switching power supply has also emerged several different types. (1) PC / XT power supply: IBM first launched standards in the personal PC / XT machine. (2) AT power: The standard proposed by IBM has been introduced early in the PC / AT machine, and the 192W power supply is available at the time. (3) ATX power supply: Intel Company proposed a industrial standard in 1995, and today, the ATX architecture power supply is known as the mainstream standard of the industry. (4) WorkStations ATX: The enhanced version of the ATX power supply. The size is larger than the ATX power supply, and the power supply capacity is more powerful than the ATX power supply, commonly used for servers and large computers. WTX power is one of the architects of the IA server power supply. (5) BTX - the terminator of the existing architecture; power output requirements, interfaces, etc. Support ATX12V, SFX12V, CFX12V and LFX12V. Unlike the other parts of the computer, the development speed of the current, the development speed of the power supply is very slow, and the configuration on the personal computer is also only AT and ATX power types. Starting from the 286 computer era, the AT power has always been the standard configuration of the PC, which is not until the 586 era. The AT power supply is not only a small power than the ATX power supply, and the motherboard power interface is also different from the ATX power supply. The type of power is eliminated, and it is difficult to see a personal computer using the AT power. As the most widely used PC standard power supply -ATX power supply, it has also experienced ATX1.01, ATX2.01, ATX2.02, ATX2.03, and a number of revolutions of ATX12V multiple versions. The most basic ATX power supply has ± 5V, ± 12V four output, additional 3.3V motherboard power output, and 5V Standby (auxiliary 5V) activation current output. In addition, there is a PS-ON signal to provide a level signal to the power supply. Mouse, keyboard boot, etc. can be achieved by assist 5V and PS-ON. At present, the market occupies the mainstream position of ATX2.01, ATX2.03 and ATX12V versions. The auxiliary 5V current of ATX2.01 specification is 720mA, ATX2.03 auxiliary 5V current is 1A, and network wake-up can be realized.
Intel's new core P4 processor has a relatively large power consumption, and the common standard ATX power cannot be copened. Intel has developed the power standard --ATX12V that is adapted to it, which is the "P4" power we often say. Compared with the ordinary ATX power supply, the "P4" power supply increases 12V output capabilities and the auxiliary 5V current, from the outside, an additional 4-wire ( 12V) connector, with 12V output capability. In addition, with the gradual popularity of the serial port ATA equipment, the ATX power supply of the serial ATA power connector also begins to gradually increase 4. The power supply interface power supply provides multiple sets of interfaces, which is mainly a die-side motherboard plug, a four-core driver plug, and a four-core small floppy-drive-free plug. The 20-core motherboard plug has only one and directionality, which can effectively prevent accidental, and the plug is also hooked to hook the socket on the motherboard, not to reverse. The ATX power interface can be divided into 5V, 12V, 3.3V, -5V, -12V, 5V Sb, etc. depending on the output voltage, and these wiring colors are different. 1 5V (red line). Mainly used for motherboard power supply, including motherboard, memory, CPU, and other devices on some motherboards. The optical drive, the signal circuit of the hard disk is also powered by the 5V power supply. 2 12V (yellow line). Mainly for the driving circuit power of the standard device, such as a fan and other heat dissipation system, generally connected to the adapter card. 3 3.3V (orange line). At present, the voltage of the CPU and AGP is getting lower and lower, so the new ATX specification increases 3.3 voltage, so it is not used by 5V to 3.3V. 4-5V (White Line), - 12V (Blue Line). These two voltages support ISA bus and an old-fashioned equipment such as slang ports, and now it is more useful. 5 5V Sb (purple line). Like the 5V voltage, it is independent of a circuit, which is independent of other power supply circuits, and the computer can always remain open as long as the power is powered. This power supply supports some devices that can be activated to system, such as network cards that support network wake-up. 6PS-ON line (green line). The complex operating system management power switch is a motherboard signal, and the 5V SB is a soft power to achieve software, network wake-up and other functions. 7pg (Power Good) signal (gray line). The PG signal line is connected to the motherboard and is controlled by the monitoring software of the motherboard. The system starts the internal inspection and testing of the front voltage is completed by this line, and if there is no PG signal, it is not possible.
