After a few years of computer, I feel that the knowledge body is confusing, so I want to look back and talk. I will think about hardware knowledge today! Hardware tutorials have learned before the 'computer composition principle', 'microcomputer principle', 'computer system agency', etc. Mainly, I understand the working principle of hardware of PC. The minimum model of simple abstract PC, which should have CPU, memory, input and output, and other external devices. // CPU CPU is probably composed of two other integrated IC chips by operators, controllers, registers, and more. Intel has been rewriting CPU design by moon theorem in this field. // Memory (memory) It is a place where the temporary data is stored when the CPU is working. It is now the memory, usually 256M above, the operating system code, or the program you have written in your own, it will be loaded into the memory. Of course, this field is now developing is also complex, there are a lot of concepts like virtual memory. The memory will be addressing, after the program puts in, the address register in the CPU will have the address of the current program code to be recorded. The accumulator accumulates this address, so that the code is run down, and of course, it will rewrite the address when you encounter JUMP. The address of the register is pulled. The internal IC of memory is now very complicated, and there are also various advanced philosophy to increase capacity and their speed. // Enter the output and other peripheral keyboards, mouse, and the display is the simplest peripheral. They also add their own address, or some of the ports, this type of PC pull, they have to work with memory, and the addressing method is also different. The general peripherals have their own internal IC chips, and there is also their own registers, and their address is those registers. The address register of the CPU can find them and put the data before / take the processed / rear. // Cooperative work Now the function of each module is very powerful, and it is important to coordinate work. Therefore, the motherboard will appear to manage each module, connect them with a variety of buss, and give them a hopper called clock frequencies to coordinate their steps. After the frequency oscillator of the clock, the CPU, memory, input and output, and its peripherals are running according to their respective steps, while they will harmonize the frequency of the motherboard. After the motherboard is powered up, the clock frequency oscillator works, each module is self-test and self-test. The CPU is from the BIOS program, the value of the CPU default first address register is there, start running. There are all the guidance management of the general BIOS. BIOS will put the code of the hard disk's boot area in memory and boot the peripheral of the hard disk. The drive of the hard disk will tell the CPU which data works on which of the volumes on the hard disk is removed. Generally, everyone is installed on the hard disk, so that Windows's kernel will be put into the memory, oh, there is a bit of wolf! Windows has been controlled everything in the memory. The most important programmer programming is to be careful about the operation of the memory. Because it is not very big, and it is a lot of programs to be shared, careful care!
