Project management Theory is a hot spot discussed in recent years. This article takes Microsoft's Project2002 project management software as an example, discusses the scope of application of project management in our hospital and uses the software.
Prepare a work process for a qualified project plan.
The development of project management technology is unlike computer technology, and with the rapid improvement of computer performance, a large number of project management software emerged. They can be used in a variety of business activities, providing easy-to-operate graphics
Face, help users develop tasks, manage resources, carry out cost budgets, track project progress, etc. Among them, Microsoft's Project software is the most widely used and easy to operate, and become the power tool for small and medium-sized project management.
software.
First, Project software in our hospital
Project management method and theory apply to various fields of the national economy, Project software uses the model of project management to simulate the establishment and implementation of project management with computer software, and through a series of project tubes
The relevant charts are used to complete the management of the project. Combined with our current situation, Project software can apply in the following aspects:
1. Used for project bidding
At present, many design projects are carried out by bidding. It is an important reference indicator of the technical level and management level of our hospital. Using Project, you can easily
Compensation, optimize the project's plan, finally generate clarity, logical relationship, drawing excellent network chart, cross track map and various data forms, showing the style of the company, leaving a good impression on the bidder personnel, thus
Winning a bid.
2, dynamic tracking of the project
Since the number of items currently undertaken at the same time, Party A is increasingly high and higher, requiring us to manage very detailed management in the life cycle of the project. By using Project software, you can
The day of completion of the project is timely summary and updated, thereby maintaining the accuracy and timely time of project information. If the use of Project Server is used, all project progress in the entire company will become very clear and
The person can obtain the relevant project information directly through the browser and other software.
3, reasonable deployment of human resources
By using Project to prepare project plans and task allocation to all projects, a huge information base for all human resources in our hospital will be formed. In this human resource library, you will be able to find it directly that everyone is currently entering.
All the projects and tasks of the line can count whether the workload of each resource is excessively assigned, how many hours, etc., each resource, etc.
according to.
4. For communication management across professional projects
In the way of project management, a design project will be completed by a project group. It has broken through the limitations of the departmental organization structure, which can better conduct communication management. After planning, it has been prepared
Customized the workload and task completion time of different sectoral resources, any task allocation information will be promptly feedback into the project plan and notify the relevant personnel. At the same time, each item has a unified document library and problem library
To exchange information, members of the project group can access these resources through the browser, which can more effectively coordinate cross-professional projects.
5, auxiliary accounting production cost
Using Project can support calculation production costs. In the project planning phase, through the programming plan, task allocation can be estimated to estimate the workload or usage of each resource, thereby estimating the entire project
this. In the life cycle of each project, the project's tracking and update is required. After the project is completed, there will be details of this project's task decomposition and resource work, through which you can check each resource here.
The actual workload in a project, thereby calculating the actual cost of this project.
Second, Project2002 Software Version Introduction
The Project2002 product range includes three versions of Standard (Standard Edition), Professional (Professional Edition), Server (Server Edition), the server version is the first time, with other versions of other versions in except for the professional version. The Simplified Chinese version was officially released. Project 2002 Standard Edition is suitable for all project management personnel and project members to assist business managers
Dynamic Manage Schedule and Resources, Communication Project Status, and Analyze Project Information. Through more intuitive tools, let the business manager and the project team can instantly get the latest information, and successfully reach project objectives within the budget. When the user is only
When using the individual user of the personal desktop computer management project, you can use the Project Standard Edition. When the user must work together and share data with the team, you can use the Project Server.
Project 2002 Professional is a new version of the personal desktop computer application designed to organize the organization of the company's project management function. It honens all the Project Standard Edition features to update a number of enterprise items.
The function of collaboration. In addition, using Project Server and Project Professional can fully obtain the benefits of enterprise project management functions.
Project Server 2002 is designed specifically for corporate centralized management and sharing projects, which is the first time. You can store an internal standardized project to resource information to achieve efficient project information.
Enjoy, analyze and manage. Through the Project Server 2002, team members and outside partners can take advantage of it quickly get the latest information, and the company's decision-making supervisor can take advantage of its executive crisis management and operation decision.
in accordance with. Project Server is equivalent to a version of Microsoft Project Central, adding more features in the new version, including strengthening security and with Microsoft SharePoint Team.
SERVICES integration allows you to include documents, questions, and projects such as documents, issues, and reports of a shared area in a set of reports such as projects, tasks, independent event organizations, storage and tracking.
The Project Server contains the concept of client access licenses (CAL). CAL is an authorization that allows users to access Microsoft Project Server services. Users with CAL can be called
Network interfaces for Microsoft Project Web Access checks with project information in the Update Project Server, including update tables, tracking problems, and storage documents, briefcases
Management and task delegation, etc. Each Standard Edition and Professional version of Project software already contains a CAL authorization (the retail version of Microsoft Project Server has 5 CAL authorizations), and additional CAL authorization can be given a lot.
The right is obtained.
In general, the biggest difference between them is that the Project 2002 standard version focuses on personal productivity, and Project 2002 Professional and Project Server 2002 focuses on enterprise project management solutions
on.
Third, key concepts in Project 2002
1. Task's construction period, working hours and resource units
A project has been decomposed by the WBS, which will become a sub-task, and every task in Project has a work term, and the concept of working hours and resource units. The period is to finish the actual time experienced by the task.
The task is assigned to the resource (which can be a single or multiple resources), each resource performs task working hours, and the resource unit represents the workload situation of resources in the duration of the task, if 100% indicate resources
During this task period, this period of time is 100% load, if it is 50%, indicating that the resource is done at 50% load (because the other 50% of the resource may still be carried out. Task). The reason for the use of resources in the project is to make resources for tasks, and sometimes, especially human resources, may be part-time assigned to a task. Resource units are equivalent to a multiplier, and Project uses it computers
Every hour or every person during the service is working, and the construction period is the working time of the task in the day or hour. When the construction period, the resource unit has been obtained, and these three have the following calculation relationships in Project:
= Time / resource unit or worker = construction period * resource unit.
For example, there is a "preparation budget" task, if the task is assigned to resource a and b (assuming two resource work efficiency is exactly the same), if a resource is completed separately, you need to work 16 hours (even
The total work is 16 hours), and the task is allocated to resource a and b (i.e., each resource is working 8 hours), if the two resource units are 100% (i.e., 100% Invested in this task), task
The construction period will be: 8 hours (worker) / 100% (resource unit) = 8 hours (duration). If the two resource units are 50% (ie, half of the resource is invested in the task), the construction period is 8 hours (worker) / 50% (resource
Unit) = 16 hours (duration). If the task is not allocated, for example, the resource A allocation timing is 10 hours, the number of resource B assignments is 6 hours, and the unit of resource A is still 100%, and the unit of resources B is 50%, which is relative to
Resource a for some task completion period = 10 hours (working hours) / 100% (resource unit) = 10 hours (duration), some of the part of the resource B completion period = 6 hours (worker) / 50% (resource unit) = 12 hours (work
Duration), then the task completion of the entire "Component Budget" is the construction period of resource B 12 hours (although resource a is not working in 2 hours in this 12 hours).
In addition, during the period, hours, hours, hours, days, weeks or months, and Project calculates the time unit in the hour when the formula is calculated. By default, the work period is expressed in the day.
Setting 1 day, how many hours is converted), and the work is indicated by hours.
2, task type
The three task types are defined in the Project software, namely fixed unit, fixed-time period, and fixed worker. The calculation formula in the Project is the working time = construction period * unit, this formula has three variables, if one of these changes
The amount, so that the other two variables are mutually contained (ie, change a variable, the other variable, the recalculation), and the task can be divided into three task types by the fixed variable name.
By default, Project creates a fixed unit task. That is, when you change the scheduled period of the task, Project will automatically calculate the work, if you change the work of the task, Project will automatically recall the duration. example
Such as "preparing the budget" task resource unit is 50%, the system is defined as 32 hours, time time = 32 hours (duration) * 50% (resource unit) = 16 hours, when we set this task to fixed unit tasks, if The adjustment period is 40 hours, then Project automatically calculates the task's work time = 40 hours (duration) * 50% (resource unit) = 20 hours.
If the task is set to a fixed duration type, the above calculation formula is fixed in the scheduled period, so when the unit is changed, the task is automatically recalculated, or when changing the task, the unit of the task
recalculate. For example, the same "preparation budget" task, the construction period is 32 hours, the resource unit is 50%, and the work is calculated as 16 hours, if we set the task type to the fixed-stage task, when we adjust resources
When the unit is 100%, the Project will automatically calculate the task's working time = 32 hours (duration) * 100% (resource unit) = 32 hours (worker).
It can also understand the task type of the fixed worker, that is, the calculation formula is fixed is the task of the task, so when changing the unit of the task, the Project automatically calculates the task during the task, when changing the task, the system will
Move the unit of the task.
3, input ratio orientation
The default schedule of resource allocation in Project is the use of input ratio orientation. It is about to distribute more resources to tasks or to reduce resources from the tasks, and Project will extend or shorten the task's work period, while maintaining the task.
The total work is not changed. For example, when the "Overbreak Preparation" task assigns a resource completion, if the resource unit is 100%, the work is 16 hours, the construction period is 16 hours, if the task sets the input ratio orientation (this is the system default setting
Setting), when an increase is added (100% unit of the new resource), the system will maintain the total number of jobs for the task for 16 hours, and the 16-hour period is allocated to two resources, each resource 8 hours, task work period =
Time / Resource Units = 8 hours / 100% = 8 hours (each resource is 8 hours, the total task is also 8 hours). If the input ratio orientation setting of this task is canceled, if a resource is added, if the resource unit is
100%, the system will increase the total number of tasks to 32 hours, and the maintenance schedule is 8 hours unchanged.
4, calendar
In Project, the calendar determines the standard working time and non-working day of the project, using the calendar to determine the availability of resources, assign the scheduled method of the resource of the task, and the task itself is scheduled, the calendar is divided into group
Quasi-calendar, project calendar, resource calendar, task calendar four types. Among them, the reference calendar is equivalent to the template of a calendar, which can be applied to the project calendar, resource calendar and task calendar three
Calendar. Project provides three reference calendars that represent normal working conditions ("Standard" reference calendar), 24-hour situation ("24-hour" base calendar), plus night shift ("night class" benchmark
Calendar) three working hours arrangements, users can generally build their own benchmark calendars to express their work hours. For example, our hospital working hours are from 8:30 to 12:00, 14: 00 ~ 17: 30, due to Project
This work time is not defined in the three reference calendars. We can define working hours as a new base calendar, such as the "Our Academic Business Time" benchmark calendar, then apply the calendar to the project calendar, resource calendar or Mission calendar. Of course, you can also do not create a base calendar, and by changing the working hours defined in the Standard Betmark Calendar to meet the normal working hours of our hospital.
Project calendars are all resources assigned to the project to specify the default work schedule, by default, when establishing a new project, the project calendar is a "standard" benchmark calendar. We can set our business days and work for the project calendar
Time to reflect the workdays and working hours of all resources in the project in the project.
The resource calendar is a working time that describes each resource. When a new resource is created, the resource calendar of the resource will automatically reference the working schedule of the project calendar. If necessary, you can be
Home Customs Calendar to specify its special working hours or holidays, Project will arrange the work time of the resource based on the set time of the resource calendar, help create more accurate schedules, especially if resources
When there is obvious difference between work hours, Project only plans a resource schedule based on the availability of resources in the resource calendar.
By default, the schedule of the task is scheduled according to the working time created in the project calendar. If the task is required to complete, especially if the task does not rely on resources, you can create a task calendar. Mission calendar is especially suitable
The case where the task is required to be done outside the project calendar or the specified resource calendar definition.
Fourth, write the process of project plan with Project2002
Project is a strong function, exquisite, easy-to-operate excellent project management network plan software, the theoretical basis of this software is an internationally recognized key path law (CPM) and plan review technologies (PERT). It provides
A complete project description and computing method and model, through this software generated, table or documents, enabling all people who participate in projects to reach a consensus for project understanding, and work harmoniously, excellent work, excellent
Complete the project. In order to more efficiently do a project plan, according to the author's experience, it is better to prepare the plan according to the following workflow:
1. Define the item information: including the project start time, project file name, summary information, project calendar time, etc., this step can be done through the Project Wizard. Project2002 project wizard user interface very friend
Ok, you can guide the user step by step to complete the settings of the above information.
2. For WBS decomposition of the project, all subtasks of the project are listed in the project and the hierarchical structure. This process should be gradually refined process, first listing the summary task or the milestone task, then for each summary
Decomposition, listing submissions, and task decomposition are subject to the requirements of their own management. For example, "Single Text Compilation" such a summary task can be broken down into "single item description", "over budget
"Drawing", "drawing", "text finishing", can also be done according to the actual situation (such as "single text preparation" is a resource completion, and the total number of workers is less than 40 hours), is not
This task is decomposed. After listening to all tasks, recall the situation of your project decomposition in your mind, try to find out if there is a more important task is not broken down, try to decompose the project in this step.
Ok, this will be somewhat on the following effects.
3. Fill in the estimated period of each sub-task for all subtasks (excluding summary tasks) of the previous step. Do not consider the availability of resources when the filling period is, listed in accordance with the schedule of the project.
Task's duration, and the system automatically calculates the duration of the summary task according to the duration of sub-tasks. And Note that this step only needs to enter the "work period" domain without entering the value of the "Start Time" or "Completion Time" domain, because if the value of the two domains is filled, Project will automatically add time limit.
4. Set the link relationship of the task. The tasks in Project have four task link relationships, which are completed - start (FS), start - start (SS), start - complete (sf), complete (ff), indicating one
How will the start or end of the task depends on the start or end of another task. For example, "Single Text Compilation" task and "single text first-instance" task is FS relationship, that is, the "single text preparation" task is completed.
After that, "single text first instance" tasks can begin. By setting the link relationship for all sub-tasks, the system will automatically calculate the summary task and the entire project, without the need to manually set each task.
"Start Time" and "End Time". Of course, in this process, it is possible to set the overlap or delay of the task. For example, it can set the "single text first-instance" task after the "single text preparation" task is completed one day in advance.
Start, or delay starting day.
5. Build a resource table. Switch to the Resource Worksheet view, list all the cases of all the work hours resources and material resources you need to use item by item, this process can group the resource to group resources in order to conduct resources in the future
When statistics, you can group information. If you want to count the task of the cost, the setting of the unit cost of the resource in the "rate" domain of the resource. In this step, you can perform a single source of resource calendar for special resources.
So set, for example, a resource requires a break at a specific time, and can set the calendar of the resource separately.
6. Assign resources to the tasks of the project. This step is best to operate in a way of splitting windows. The upper main window uses "Gantt Chart View" and the lower pane window is displayed using the Task Form View. In "Task Form View"
In, allocate each task resource (at the same time set "resource unit"), "work hours", task "work period" and other information, the system is powered during the scheduled schedule, and a working time and unit One
Item value, in this step, you can set multiple resources at the same time, or you can perform the above operations through the "Assigning Resources" button. After completing the above steps, you can say that a complete preliminary plan has been prepared.
7. Adjustment and optimization of the project plan. According to the preliminary plan prepared above, see if the project progress can meet the requirements, if you need to shorten the project's duration, the project key path is displayed through the Gantt Mutand Wizard button.
And shorten the scheduled schedule (by increasing resources, decomposing tasks, adjusting resource working hours). In addition, switch to the Resource Worksheet view, check if the resource is excessively assigned (the system is automatically
Red marked over-assigned resources), if it is excessively assigned, find the task of excessive allocation resources, further optimization of the task.
Thus, after seven steps, it will be compared to project plans that meet the actual situation. Of course, the quality of the project is prepared, whether the optimal program is a big relationship with the experience of the project manager. This project plan
Once completed, you can publish it to the server through a professional version or standard version, and the entire project team can work together to work with the project.
