(BY AMT ERP Research Group)
In the process of introducing an ERP system, implementation is an extremely critical part and is the easiest to overlook. Because the success or failure of the implementation finally determines the full play of ERP benefits. For example, according to incomplete statistics, nearly a thousand companies have purchased MRP-II / ERP software. In all ERP system applications, there are three situations: the implementation of system integration is only 10% - 20% in accordance with the budget, and only 30% -40% of the integration of system integration or implementation; and failure It accounted for 50%. And most of the 10% -20% of the implementation of success is foreign companies. The frustrating facts undoubtedly show us that ERP implementation has become a large bottleneck factor that restricts ERP benefits. From this, we concluded that the ERP project of the company can successfully realize the application goals of the enterprise under the guidance of certain scientific methods.
In this section, we have to introduce you to the content of ERP implementation.
A typical ERP implementation process mainly includes the following stages, as shown in the figure:
ERP implementation process
Project pre-work (stage before software installation)
This stage is very important, it is related to the success or failure of the project, but it is often ignored to actual operation. This stage of work mainly includes:
Leadership training and training of ERP principles. The main training object is the high-level leadership and future ERP project team in the future, so that they can master the basic principles and management ideas of ERP. This is the ideological basis for the success of the ERP system. Because only the people at all levels of managers and employees are real users, they really understand the needs of the enterprise, only they understand the ERP, to determine what kind of ERP software that needs the company needs more efficiently.
Enterprise diagnosis. From the high-level leadership of the enterprise and the future project team personnel to evaluate and diagnose the business process and existing problems of ERP, find out the problem, seek solutions, clear the expected goals in writing, and specify the evaluation implementation Target standard. Here, we will use the business process reorganization method we will introduce in the next section.
Demand analysis, determine the goal. Before preparing to apply the ERP system, it is necessary to give an explosion analysis:
- Is the company not to the stage of the application ERP system?
- What is the most urgent need of the company now? Is the ERP system solved?
-RP system's return return rate or investment efficiency analysis?
- Can companies support ERP in financial resources?
- In the purpose of ERP, why can the system solve what problems and what goals?
- Basic management work is not robbed or ready to make the consulting firm to help the consulting company before the ERP, the quality of person is not high enough? - Then write the results of the analysis and the official written report of the demand analysis and investment benefit analysis, so that the correct decision of the ERP project is made.
Software selection. In the selection process, you must first know each other. It is to figure out the needs of the enterprise, that is, the needs of the company itself will be meticulously analyzed and adequately investigated. This has been completed during the demand analysis phase; knowing that both, whether it is to clarify whether the software management thinks and features are met. Business needs. Both are all intertwined, and can find out the existing management of the company through the advanced management ideas of the software, and the specific software may not meet the specific needs of the enterprise due to their own reasons. Supplemental development. To this, you have to understand the environment implemented. The environment here includes two aspects: national conditions (like a financial accounting law, etc., etc., including Chinese, etc.), industry or enterprises. Based on these to run processes and functions, from "userification" and "localization" angle to ERP selection. Implementation preparation phase (including data and preparations and settings of various parameters)
At this stage, the project organization and some of the static data needed can be prepared and set before the software is selected, and the diagram extends to the left to the previous working phase. In this preparation stage, you have to work in this day:
Project organization. The implementation of ERP is a large system engineering that requires organizational guarantees. If the composition of the project is not properly selected, the coordination cooperation is not good, it will directly affect the implementation cycle and success or failure of the project. The project organization should consist of three layers, and the group leaders of each layer are members of the upper layer.
(1) Leading group, take the lead by a company, and forms a leading group with the system-related vice president. It should be noted here that the reasonable deployment of human resources, the appointment of the project manager, the discovery and enablement of outstanding personnel.
(2) The project implementation team, the main large amount of ERP project implementation is done by them, usually by the project manager to lead organization, and other members should consist of the leadership or business backbone of the company's main business unit.
(3) Business group, the quality of this part is that ERP implementation can not implement the key to the grassroots level. Each business group must have a fixed person with a problem in business processing. Through the mastery of the ERP system, seek a new solution and operation method, and use the new business process to verify, and finally cooperate with the group New working procedures and guidelines. Also includes training for grassroots units.
data preparation. Before running the ERP system, you should prepare and enter a series of basic data, which is the need to do a lot of analysis of research before using the system before using the system. Including some information, process, inventory, etc., including some parameters, such as information, financial information, demand information, etc. required for system installation and debugging.
System installation commissioning. On the basis of personnel, basic data is ready to install the system into the enterprise, and conduct a range of debugging activities.
Software prototype test. This is the prototyping of the software function, also known as Computer Pilot. Since the ERP system is an information integration system, in the test, it should be a full system test. The personnel of each department should participate in the same, so that each data, functions, and the flow of integration relationships are understood. To find out inadequate aspects, propose solutions to enterprise management issues so that users can be developed or secondary.
Simulation operation and userization
The goals and related tasks of this phase are:
Simulation operation and userization. On the basis of basic mastering software, select the product to enter the system, bringing a variety of necessary data entry systems, and organizing the project team to organize the project team with the problem of the project team. The simulation can be concentrated in the computer room, also known as conference room pilot. Develop Work Guidelines and Work Procedures. After a period of testing and simulation operation, the project team will propose some corresponding solutions in the implementation of the problem, and will be preliminary in this stage, and afterwards Perfection in practice.
acceptance. In completing the necessary customized work, you must pass the company's highest leadership approval and acceptance approval and acceptance before entering the site to ensure the quality of ERP.
Switch operation
This should be determined according to the conditions of the enterprise to decide the steps that should be taken, and each module can be implemented in parallel, or one or two modules can be implemented first. At this stage, all end users must use terminals or client operations on their jobs, in real application status, rather than concentrating on machine rooms. If manual management and system are still short, it can be used as an application simulation, but time should not be too long.
New system operation
After a new system is applied to the company, the implementation does not have a complete end, but will transfer to performance evaluation and the next post-support phase. This is because we need to make a summary and self-evaluation of the results of the system to determine whether the initial goal is achieved, thereby setting the next step in the future. There is also due to the development of the market competition situation, it will continue to have new demand, and then in addition to the system's update, the advancement of host technology will constitute a new challenge for the original system, so, in any case, you must consolidate On the basis of self-performance evaluation, the next goal is developed, and improved, continuous consolidation and improvement.
We have made a brief introduction to the implementation of ERP. Of course, these stages are closely related, there is no good time in a stage, and never have to enter the next stage, otherwise, it can only be half a time. It is worth noting that training work is always consistent in the entire implementation process. We only introduce a detailed introduction to leadership training and MRP II principles training in the first phase. Those related training throughout implementation, simulation, and userization, switching operation, and new system operations, such as software product training, hardware and system employees, programmer training, and continuous expansion training are also crucial. . This truth should be said to be obvious. Because only employees are the real user of the system, only their understanding of the relevant ERP software products and the required hardware environment can guarantee the final successful implementation and application of the system.
