ERP first step (9): Introduction to the main functional module of ERP
(BY AMT ERP Research Group)
A preliminary understanding of the principle of ERP is the basis of our understanding of ERP. Next, in order to make everyone have a sense of sensibility to ERP products, we have to give further introductions from its function.
In the past, we always introduce the ERP system as a background, but because the style of each manufacturer's product is not the same, the module structure of its ERP product is also different. For the readers who first understand the ERP, sometimes I can't find it in the end, which is the real ERP system. Therefore, here, we want to open the actual product, from the perspective of the company, simply describe the functional structure of the ERP system, that is, what ERP can do for the company. What is the module function contains which content, this is the focus of our narrative.
ERP is integrated into integration management of all resources, simply, is a management information system for comprehensive integration management information systems for enterprises: logistics, capital flow, and information flow. Its functional module is different from the previous MRP or MRPII module, it is not only managed by the production enterprise, but also in many other types of companies such as non-production, public welfare business can also import ERP systems for resource programs and management. . Here we will still introduce ERP functional modules with a typical manufacturer as an example.
In the enterprise, general management mainly includes three aspects: production control (planning, manufacturing), logistics management (distribution, procurement, inventory management) and financial management (accounting, financial management). These three systems themselves are integrated, and they have corresponding interfaces, which can be well integrated to manage companies. In addition, it is particularly mentioned that as companies attach importance to human resources management, there have been more and more ERP manufacturers to include human resource management into an important part of the ERP system, for this feature, we also Will make a brief introduction.
Financial management module
Clear and distinct financial management is extremely important. So, it is an indispensable part in the ERP. The financial modules in ERP are different from the general financial software. As part of the ERP system, it has the corresponding interfaces and other modules of the system, which can integrate each other, such as: it will automatically be automatically included by the production activities and procurement activities. The financial module generates a general ledger, accounting report, and cancel the cumbersome process of entering the voucher, almost completely replaces the traditional manual operation. The general ERP software financial part is divided into two largest blocks of accounting and financial management.
First, accounting account
Accounting is mainly recorded, accounting, reflecting and analyzing the changes in the funds in corporate economic activities and its results. It consists of a general ledger, accounting, payment, cash, fixed asset, multi-currency system.
1 General account module Its function is to process accounting credential input, registration, output journal, general listing and total classification account, prepare primary accounting reports. It is the core of the entire accounting account, accounting, payment, fixed asset account, cash management, salary, and multi-currency system, all modules such as payment are communicated to each other.
2 Accounting modules refer to the normal customer arrears accounts generated by the enterprise due to the commodity owe. It includes feature such as invoice management, customer management, payment management, and age analysis. It is associated with customer orders, invoice handling services, and automatically generates a billing voucher and imports the generals.
3 Accountable accounts in accounting module accounting is that enterprises pay for purchase payments, including invoice management, supplier management, check management, age analysis, etc. It can be integrated with the purchasing module, the inventory module is fully integrated to replace the past cumbersome manual operation.
4 Cash Management Modules It is mainly controlled by cash inflows and accounting of zero cash and bank deposits. It includes the management of coins, banknotes, checks, bills, and bank deposits. Provide ticket maintenance, ticket printing, payment maintenance, bank list printing, payment, bank inquiry, and check query, etc. related to cash, in ERP. In addition, it also integrates with modules such as accounting, payable, and general ledger, automatically generates credentials, and enters the general ledger. 5 Fixed asset accounting modules complete the rate of accounting and distribution of fixed assets and depreciation of relevant funds. It helps managers understand the status quo of current fixed assets, and can manage assets through the various methods provided by the module, and perform corresponding accounting processing. Its specific functions are: login fixed asset cards and fresher accounts, calculate depreciation, preparation reports, and automatically prepare transfer vouchers, and transfer to the general ledger. It is integrated with the account, cost, and general ledger module.
6 Gancal modules This is to adapt to the international operation of today's enterprises, which is increasing to foreign currency settlement business. Multiple currency system represents the functions of the entire financial system in various currency systems, and customer orders, inventory management and procurement management can also use multi-currency to conduct transaction management. All modules, accounts, general accounts, customer orders, procurement, etc., can automatically generate the required data.
7 The salary accounting module automatically conducts the payment, allocation, accounting, and the provision of various relevant funding. It can log in to wages, print wage lists, and various summary reports, calculate the costs related to salary, and automatically make credentials, import the general ledger. This module is integrated with a general ledger, cost module.
8 Cost modules It will be calculated based on the product structure, work center, process, procurement and other information to calculate the cost of cost analysis and planning. It is also possible to maintain cost according to the standard cost or average cost method.
Second, financial management
Financial management features primarily based on accounting, and then analyze, thereby performing corresponding prediction, management and control activities. It focuses on financial plan, control, analysis, and prediction:
Financial Plan: The next financial plan, budget, etc. in the previous financial analysis. Financial Analysis: Provides a query function and a financial performance assessment, account analysis, etc. Financial decision-making: the core part of financial management, the central content is a decision-making of funds, including fund raising, delivery and fund management.
Production control management module
This part is the core of the ERP system, which combines the entire production process of the company, so that the company can effectively reduce inventory and improve efficiency. At the same time, the automatic connection of each originally dispersed production process also enables production processes to be coherent before and after, without producing and disconnect, delay production delivery time. Production control management is a plan-oriented advanced production and management method. First, the company determines its total production plan, and then reach the departments after the system layer is subdivided. That is, the production department is produced, the purchase department is purchased by this purchase.
1 Main production plan It is based on the input of the production plan, forecast, and customer orders to arrange the types and quantities provided in the future cycle. It converts the production plan to the product plan. It is precise after balancing the needs of materials and capabilities. Detailed schedule for time, quantity. It is the arrangement of the total activities in the company in a period of a period, is a stable plan, which is produced by the production plan, the actual order and the prediction of historical sales analysis.
2 After the main production plan decides how many final products produced, according to the material list, the number of products to produce the product to be produced into the number of parts required to produce, and the existing stock can be obtained. It is also required to work, and the final quantity is purchased. This is a plan that is really dependent on the entire department.
3 Capacity demand plans It is after the preliminary material demand plan, the total workload of all work centers, in detailed work plans to determine the generated material demand plan after the ability to balance the capacity of the work center, to determine if the generated material demand plan is a company Feasive demand plans for production capacity. The capacity demand plan is a short-term, currently practical plan. 4 Workshop Control This is a dynamic job plan that changes with time, is assigned to the specific workshop, and then sort, job management, job monitoring.
5 Manufacturing Standards require many basic information in the preparation plan, these basic information is manufacturing standards, including parts, product structures, steps, and work centers, are identified in the computer with unique code.
A Part code, the management of material resources, gives the only code recognition for each material. b Material list, define the technical document of the product structure, used to prepare various plans. C step, describe the processing steps and the operation sequence of manufacturing and assembly products. It includes processing processed steps, indicating processing equipment for each process and the required rated workers and salary levels. D Working Center, the equipment and labor of the same or similar processes are used, engaged in the basic unit of production schedule, accounting capacity, and calculation costs.
Logistics management
First, distribution management
Sales management is starting from the sales plan of the product, the management and statistics of various information, sales areas, sales of customers, and can make comprehensive analysis of sales quantity, amount, profit, performance, customer service, so There are roughly three features in the distribution management module.
1 For the management and service of customer information, it can create a customer information file, and manage it, which is targeted to achieve the highest efficiency, and strive for new customers. Here, it is particularly mentioned that the recent new CRM software, that is, customer relationship management, ERP and its combination will greatly increase the company's benefits.
2 Management Sales Order for Sales Orders is the entry of ERP, all production plans are based on it and deliver production. The management of sales orders is throughout the process of product production. it includes:
A Customer credit review and query (customer credit grading to review order transactions). B product inventory (decision to extend delivery, batch delivery or use) delivery, etc.). C Product offer (offer customers for different products). d Order input, change, and track (after the order input, the correction of the change, and the tracking analysis of the order). e Confirmation and delivery processing of the delivery period (decision delivery time and delivery.).
3 For sales statistics and analysis, the system is based on the completion of the sales order, according to various indicators, such as customer classification statistics, sales agent classification statistics, etc., then evaluate the actual sales effect of the enterprise on these statistics :
A Sales Statistics (according to sales form, product, agents, regional, sales staff, amount, and quantity). B Sales Analysis (including comparative goals, synchronous comparisons and delivery analysis, from quantity, amount, profit and performance, etc.). C Customer Service (Customer Complaint Record, Cause Analysis).
Second, inventory control
It is used to control the number of storage materials to ensure that stable logistics supports normal production, but minimal occupation capital. It is a related, dynamic, and real inventory control system. It can combine, meet the needs of relevant departments, change the inventory with time, and accurately reflect the status of inventory. The function of this system involves:
A For all materials to establish inventory, decide when to order procurement, and as the basis for the procurement and procurement department, the production department is based on the production plan. B receives the ordering material. After the quality inspection, the products produced are also subject to the inspection. C The daily business handling of the receipt.
Third, procurement management
Determine reasonable order, excellent suppliers and maintain the best security reserves. Ability to provide information on orders, acceptance, track and urge materials to processed or commissioned materials to ensure that the goods arrive in time. Establish a supplier's file, adjust the cost of stocks with the latest cost information. Specific: A supplier information query (query supplier's ability, credibility, etc.). B is taking advantage of the items or sub-processed materials. C Purchasing and Commission Processing Statistics (statistics, establishment of files, calculation costs). D price analysis (analysis of raw material price analysis, adjustment inventory cost).
Human resource management module
The past ERP systems are basically based centered on the production and sales process (supply chain). Therefore, resources related to manufacturing resources have been long been managed as the core resources of the enterprise. However, in recent years, human resources within the company have become increasingly received by the company, and is considered the capital of the company. In this case, human resource management, as a separate module, is added to the ERP system, and the financial and production system in ERP form an efficient and highly integrated enterprise resource system. It has fundamentally different from personnel management in traditional ways.
First, the auxiliary decision of human resource planning
For enterprises, organizational structures, the simulation comparison and operation analysis are carried out, and the auxiliary administrator makes final decisions with the intuitive evaluation of graphics.
Develop job models, including job requirements, promotion paths, and training programs. Based on the qualifications and conditions of the employees, the system will propose a series of training suggestions for this employee. Once the institution is reorganized or position changes, the system will propose a series of positions. Change or promotion suggestions.
Personnel cost analysis can be analyzed and predictable in the past, now, future personnel, and provide a basis for enterprise cost analysis through the ERP integrated environment.
Second, recruitment management
Talent is the most important resource of the company. Excellent talents can guarantee the lasting competitiveness of the company. Recruitment systems generally provide support from the following aspects:
A of the management, optimization of the recruitment process, reduce business workload; B is scientifically managed by the cost of recruitment, thereby reducing recruitment cost; c to provide assistive information to select employees, and effectively help enterprises to conduct talent resources Mining.
Third, wage accounting
A can be based on the salary accounting method that is adapted to the company's cross-regional, cross-sectoral, cross-operative different salary structure and processing processes. B is directly integrated with time management, which can be updated in a timely manner, and dynamism with employees' salary. C Rank function. The salary structure and data are automatically adjusted according to the requirements of the integration of other modules.
Fourth, work hours management
A According to the national or local calendar, arrange the operation time of the enterprise and the working schedule of the labor force. b Use far-end attendance systems to record the actual attendance status of employees to the primary system and import the time data related to employee salary, bonus into salary system and cost account.
Five, travel accounting
The system can automatically control from travel applications, travel approval to travel reimbursement. And through the integrated environment to import the accounting data into the financial cost accounting module.
