Ph.D., Beijing Software Industry Promotion Center, Wu Jianmin
The software industry is an important support for the Beijing modern service industry. In order to promote the professionalization, internationalization, building software of Beijing and even the national software industry, in mid-October 2004, the National Development and Reform Commission, Beijing Development and Reform Commission, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission The Software Industry Promotion Center, China Zhongguancun Software Park and other government departments and enterprises jointly conducted a half-month investigation on the Indian software industry.
After the return of the investigation, the Director of the Beijing Software Industry Promotion Center, the assistant and research department of the Director of the Research Department, and other experts have written a series of inspection reports on the basis of India and China (especially the Beijing) software industry, and deeply analyzed. The bottleneck and breakthrough of the internationalization of China's software industry, and exclusively provide Sina Technology release.
The following is a full text:
First, comprehensive international competition: international pressure
Economic globalization provides a rare opportunity for my country's software industry development. my country's software industry should actively participate in international division of labor, and we must go to the world, but while going to the world, we must further open the domestic market, and most of the world's leading software companies. It has entered our market, competing with local software companies, which will lead to domestic competition internationalization and international competition. Currently, my country's software industry development faces a comprehensive international competition.
(1) The competition in the world's major countries in software is increasingly fierce.
With the changes in the demand for global economic and social development, the global structural adjustment of the information industry is increasingly significant, and the hardware dominant development is developed to software and service. Due to the strategic and basic characteristics of the software industry, the development of software industries is not only simple corporate behavior, but integrates a strong national will. Looking forward to the next round of international division of labor and international competition, the competition for new technologies and applications around the software will be highlighted. Developed countries to grab the future leader, expand the competitive advantage, and constantly strengthen the dominant position of the software industry, and strive to take advantage of the next round of international industrial division. Some developing countries will develop the software industry as an opportunity to rank among information technology and realizing the national tamping. They have increased the support of the software industry, and strive to catch up in the next round of international division of labor and international competition.
Through global competition and integration, the software industry basically has formed an international division of labor. The United States has mastered the most advanced software technology, controls software development platforms and software tools, where the global software industry chain is leading. Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Germany makes full use of the international informationization opportunities, vigorously develop system software, development tool software, and industry application software, have global competitive advantages in some system software and software applications. The EU has also formed challenges for the competitive advantage of the United States in a number of important fields such as communications software and multimedia technology. In the competitive pattern around the software, it is strongly maintained one of the other words of the existing pattern and the force to break the existing pattern, and its competition has never intermitted, and it has a white heat.
(2) International competition has penetrated into all areas of my country's software markets and various corners.
The pace of economic globalization is accelerating, my country's joining WTO, and my country's huge domestic market potential, attracting more and more world-leading software companies have entered our market, and my country's software market has become an international competition market, in the software market The various fields are covered by increasing international competition. In the system software and supporting the software market, foreign countries continue to maintain monopoly; foreign companies are beginning to go to medium and low-end markets from high-end markets, and even Microsoft began to intervene in this market; in industry application software Markets, foreign companies also have varying degrees of intervention; in custom software service market, when China has not broken through the European and American market, Indian software companies have expanded the market directly; in the IT consulting service market, high-end, comprehensive international competition has continued For many years. The international competition in my country's software market is much larger than what we imagined, and it is much wide.
(3) The competition of domestic and foreign software companies in technology, funds, talents, and management is also increasingly fierce. In recent years, multinational companies have set off a new round of investment boom in my country's software, and has increasingly accelerating localization, local procurement, local research, local production, local sales, and applying local technical and management personnel in order to distinguish their original country. Background, get more support for local governments, social groups and media. The implementation of the localization strategy of multinational companies has always brought serious challenges that have always been a domestic enterprise, which is a solid-core competitiveness, and the competition of the factors such as technology, funds, talents, and management will be increasingly fierce.
First of all, multinational corporations enter the Chinese market, which is much more abundant in R & D investment, and this is precisely due to domestic enterprises. Second, multinational companies have formed a mature management experience and management system, while most domestic companies are managed by conventional management inertia, compared with foreign companies, management levels and management methods. Third, multinational companies carry out localized business, it is necessary to need a large number of local talents, resulting in impact on the talents of domestic enterprises, causing talent flow. At the same time, domestic people sometimes carry research results accumulated in domestic enterprises, and domestic laws and regulations are not perfect for the requirements of "competition restrictions" mechanism, and they cannot protect the interests of domestic enterprises. Multinational companies have changed the concept of talent competition. Multinational companies have shown new characteristics for intellectual capital, from the development of ready-made talents to find talents.
Second, the three bottlenecks of internationalization of my country's software industry
After joining the World Trade Organization and Information Technology Agreement, the internationalization process of domestic software markets is constantly accelerating, and my country's software companies have faced fierce competition in developed countries and software emerging industrialization and multinational companies. In recent years, my country's software industry has achieved great achievements, but compared with my country's huge market space, the total economic amount and international status compared to China, compared with the national economic development and informationization Compared to the development of my country's software industry has some key issues, mainly in the following three aspects:
1. The key technologies and core technologies lacking independent intellectual property have not formed market-oriented technological innovation system.
In the past, my country's research and development in software research and development, the lack of confidence in its original innovation, focused on tracking and imitation, unable to engage in software independent core technology, resulting in my country's information industry for many years to establish technology provided in foreign companies On the basis of the platform, there is no complete, systematic autonomous copyright software product, and foreign software products account for 2/3 domestic markets in the operating system, database management system, and key applications. The foundation of the software, the domestic support software is just a phoenix river, the application software is also facing intense competition. The lack of intellectual property rights of key technologies and core technologies have led to my country in the field of software industry, which not only enables a large number of profits to flow into foreign companies, affecting my country's re-development capacity in the software industry, but also seriously threatens my country's information security.
2, in the global software industry value chain downstream, international influence is small.
From the total amount and the proportion, my country's software sales is 163.3 billion yuan in 2003, accounting for 2.64% of the total global software industry, equivalent to 1/15 in the United States, 1/4 of Japan, accounting for the global market. It is similar to the surrounding country, and the share of South Korea is similar, which seems to be different, but considering the quality of software products, software exports, my country has a big gap compared with the surrounding countries and Ireland. In 2003, my country's software exports 2 billion US dollars, just 1/7 of India and Ireland. The status of my country's software industry in the global market and the gap between the surrounding countries and other countries, and my country is very unsatisfied with China's most potentially potential developing country in the 21st century.
3. my country's software enterprise organizes the structure of "small and scattered", without forming a real large business, cannot drive the development of SMEs. In China, due to the incomplete development of capital markets, coupled with software companies, such as private enterprises, the intangibility of products, less assets that can be used for mortgages and guarantees, the proportion of intangible assets account for the net assets, and product development Investment is large, so that software companies have many obstacles in financing and structural optimization, but also unable to form a leading enterprise with strong international competitiveness, but also causing industrial development. "Small," "Hand Workshop" industry distribution status, repeat competition in a small market space.
Third, the breakthrough and key points of my country's software industry
my country's software industry internationalization is a huge and complex system engineering. It is not possible to complete, and it is not easy to completely break through, and it must be, highlight key, seize the key, and achieve breakthroughs. In the next few times, the focus of promoting the internationalization of software industry will be placed in the following aspects:
1. Vigorously develop software outsourcing based on cooperative research and development.
According to the specific situation of the country, the software industry development strategy of "limited goals, key breakthroughs" is adopted, focusing on the development of software outsourcing and processing, in the domestic market, the information level is not high, and the overall economy is relatively lagging behind. Achieve the development of the software industry. Compared with India, my country's domestic market demand scale, the level of national economic information, the level of information industry, especially in the comprehensive economic and research and development strength. The global software outsourcing market has great potential, which has reached $ 100 billion, and my country cannot give up this market. In the future, my country's development software outsourcing must not only pay attention to the increase in growth, but also to pursue the improvement of the level, we must make full use of the strength of my country's software research and development, and vigorously develop software outsourcing based on cooperative research and development, and enhance software enterprises in foreign software outsourcing. R & D levels and technological innovation capabilities.
Encourage internationally renowned companies and domestic enterprises and institutions to enhance their technical level and develop a more complete product. Encourage internationally renowned software companies to establish research and development bases in domestic enterprises, produce large-scale applications based on localized. Encourage multinational research and development agencies to expand local sub-package traffic, speed up the localization of software advanced technology, and bring a large number of domestic enterprises to enter the international market, form "to cooperate to develop, expand outsourcing market, and promote independent products" Characteristic international road.
2, actively promote the exit of the whole machine, drive software, especially embedded software exports.
my country has a powerful manufacturing capability of powerful electronic information products. As the global manufacturing focus is gradually transferred to my country, the advantage will be more obvious. It should give full play to our advantages in my country's production and research and development, with this to drive the development of chip design and embedded software, greatly improve the added value of the whole machine system, and go out of a new road that drives software exports and development in the whole machine. .
In the early days, the development of the information industry in my country is in the early days, and the production and sales of hardware products are greatly exceeded software products. This aspect brings relatively weak developing strength in my country's software industry, but also bringing opportunities for my country's software industry development, namely By the development and export of hardware products, the embedded software exports exported with the device are driven. At present, a considerable part of software exports in Shenzhen, Zhuhai and other regions is the export of embedded software. In the future, with the continuous development of my country's information industry, the production and exports of information appliances, CNC machine tools, mechanical and electrical products will bring more Big development opportunities.
The development of software is inseparable from the development of the whole machine. At present, my country's manufacturing economy is ranked fourth in the world. It has a strong overall R & D capabilities and production capacity. my country has reached 1.8 trillion yuan in the 2003 information industry. In the production of machine production, the development of chip design and embedded software will greatly improve the value of the whole machine system. Bring the software, soft, hardware synergistic development, through the whole machine export, and the export of software, especially embedded software, will take out the road to drive the development of software industry. Determine from the network computer (NC), third generation
Communication equipment, broadband access devices, digital audiovisual products, set-top boxes, handheld computers are the focus, driving chip design, IC design, embedded software, and minimalized development of all existing software.
3. Focus on supporting a batch of software export backbone enterprises to create a software export chain of "small and professional supporting".
The biggest problem in my country's software industry is that the company is small, and the small workshop-style enterprises are difficult to bear the complete large orders. Compared with India, the advantage of Indian software large companies' economies is that it can reduce the cost of unit products and resist risks. Ability is also greatly enhanced. Enterprises should actively engage in companies in the United Nations to play their own advantages, quickly form a certain scale of development capabilities, with overseas business, internal and external interactions, form a benign circulation, and do large overseas markets.
Create software export group forces "with large small and professional supporting". Around the export of Japanese software, choose export backbone enterprises, provide the customized services they need, and promote them as soon as possible. Around European and American software exports, encourage software companies and multinational companies entering China to form software outsourcing chains, promote software enterprises and multinational companies to establish upstream and downstorical companies, recommend software companies to participate in multinational suppliers to select, driving the management capabilities of software development And increase the scale, in order to enter the European and American markets, open the channels of my country's software export to Europe and America.
4, vigorously cultivate and attract talents for international software markets.
After the software industry has been initially developed, the internationalization of software industry, software products expand exports and the increase in software industry have a general trend. The acceleration of the internationalization of my country's software industry not only requires software talents to meet the increasing demand in quantity, but also need to increase the quality of software talent.
It is necessary to introduce talents facing the international market as the key area of my country's introduction of talents, so that my country has become the highland of software international talents. In the work attracting overseas students to return to China, it is important to attract a group of excellent project managers, system analysts and software engineers. In terms of talent training, we must actively expand the linkage and exchange of domestic software and international software markets, expand the exported specialized secondary training scale, focus on strengthening project managers and programmers and process management capabilities, for software Export provides a wider range of talent foundations.
