Technical Course: Realizing the Carrier of Student Innovation - Interpretation of High School Technical Course
Gu Jianjun
In the 15th Discipline Curriculum Standard (Experiment) issued by the Ministry of Education, the General High School Technical Curriculum Standard (Experiment) "is here. Although the technical curriculum standards in the world are not very fresh, it is unusual for general education in my country. It also reflects the new challenges of contemporary science and technology development on basic education, reflecting the new requirements for the development of students in the future. "Ordinary High School Technical Course Standard (Experiment)" is based on the actual and social development needs of China. In the past 20 years of information technology education, the practice of labor technology education and the scientific grasp of contemporary science and technology development and the national technical curriculum reform On the basis of the trend, the system describes the nature, value and philosophy of China's ordinary high school technology curriculum, which clearly stipulates the basic quality requirements of China's ordinary high school students in the technical field, and teaching, evaluation, and A series of recommendations have been put forward by teaching materials, education resource development and utilization. The basic nature of the General High School Technical Course is a common high school technical course is to connect with information technology education and labor and technical education in the nine-year compulsory education to improve students' technical literacy, with the main characteristics of design learning and operation. The basic education course of the general meaning. In my country's ordinary high school new curriculum structure, technology is a basic learning area, which is a compulsory course for the regular high school students prescribed by the state. With the information technology education and labor and technical education in the nine-year compulsory education, in the session of the nine-year compulsory education, we will set comprehensive practice activities from the third grade, labor and technical education, information technology education is a comprehensive practice of nine-year compulsory education. The designated field is a course developed and implemented by national guidance, local and schools, and every student must have a course of learning experience. The technical courses of ordinary high schools and the information technology education, labor and technical education in the nine-year compulsory education, first is the connection between the goal. Information technology education in nine-year compulsory education, labor technology education is based on students 'basic technical literacy, information literacy as basic goals, while high school technical courses are based on raising students' technical literacy, information literacy as the basic goal, the latter Basis, and have corresponding improvements; followed by the connection. On the basis of the nine-year compulsory education phase, pay attention to appropriate extension, expand, and deepen, and form two architectures on two relatively independent but interconnected courses; again is the implementation of the implementation. Whether in nine-year compulsory education, information technology education, labor and technical education, or the information technology and general technology in the field of general high school, are the contents of students must study. For all students of ordinary high school, good general general in my country's national education system, technical education almost penetrate all education categories, there are technical education in basic education, technical education in vocational and technical education, technologies in higher education Technical education, etc. in adult education, and so on. Relatively speaking, technical education in basic education is more general and general. The technical courses in general high school are an important part of technical education in basic education. Its general and generality is mainly manifested in two aspects: one, educational objects for all students. Technology is the learning content that each student must experience, whether it is a student who is ready to promote, or is preparing for employment, no matter whether it is preparing to upgrade to the Polytechnic Medical Sciences, it is still a student of artwork, sound, body, beauty and other students. It should be studied in the study of technology. Second, education content has general and versatility. The course content in the general high school technology is not a professional and professional education content, but is relatively broad, reflecting general and versatility, and has a wide range of technologies and techniques that differ from professional technology. It is The daily life is closely linked to guide students to integrate students into the technology world, enhance students 'social adaptability, and stimulate students' desire to create desires, cultivate students 'innovative spirit, strengthen students' hands-on, develop students 'practice ability, and improve students' cultural understanding, and improve students. The ability of students exchange and expression and improve students 'learning methods, promoting students' lifelong learning, etc. have extensive value and important significance.
To improve students' technical literacy as the main goal, there is a distinctive goal orientation in the historical development of the general high school technological courses, such as the skill education that improves the ability of students, and the students form a labor concept. Mastering some labor technology education as the main purpose of labor, learning to learn a professional technical education center, and even some technical assistance education such as solving economic poverty, etc., these different target positioning It is adapted to a certain era characteristic, but there is a certain historical limitability. The main goal of this curriculum has established a general high school technology course is to improve students' technical literacy, and strive to make students to look at technology more responsible through technical courses, with more responsible, more vision, more moral ways. Together with the emotions of closer technology, positive exploration of postures and certain scientific spirits to participate in social life, participate in social development of technology decisions, participate in technological innovation. Of course, while in improving students' technical literacy as the main goal, the technical courses should also contribute to the development and personality of the general capacity of students. It is important to learn and operate as the main learning form. It has strong practical operation learning not only to master specific technical principles, technical methods, and development of mental skills, but also to the students' hand of the student. The enhancement of physiological and functionality of coordination skills, physical coordination, and the development of physical education have unique educational significance. Design learning is a basic understanding of technical courses. The design study in technical courses is often going to experience the discovery and confirmation of technical problems, formulate design programs, production models and prototypes, optimize design programs, and writing works. From the process, in the process, students 'imagination, doubts and critical ability, students will translate their ideas into methods, convert the ideas into operational programs, students' comparison and exchange of skills, students use the knowledge analysis and solvement The ability of practical problems, as well as the awareness and ability of technological exploration and innovation will be well guided and effective development. The main characteristics of General High School Technical Course are compared to the architecture of ordinary high school technological courses in the reform of the class, and the general high school technical courses are reflected in the general concept and common characteristics of this basic education curriculum, and there are still some features: establishment technology In the field of learning, the historical breakthrough in formation of curriculum is in the new curriculum plan, technology has become one of the eight fields. This area contains two parts of information technology and general technology. Information technology is the most rapid development of contemporary development, the most widely used, and has an important role in learning for lifelong learning; general technology refers to the technology of information technology, relatively broad and professional technology, is a wide range of applications in daily life. To develop a wide migration value for students. Specific techniques have relativity in its versatility. The establishment of the technical field, the setting of the two parts of the information technology and general technology forms a historical breakthrough in the form of technical curriculum, is one of the symbols of this course reform education innovation. Taking technical literacy as the main goal, the goal of implementing the transformation technology curriculum of contemporary labor technology education is positioned in improving students' technical literacy. While paying attention to basic knowledge and basic operation skills, it also pays attention to the understanding of the ideological and method of the technology, pays attention to the sense of understanding of the humanistic factors of the technology, pay attention to the exploration, experiment and creation of students' technical learning, pay attention Students' emotional attitudes and values and the development of common capabilities, thus giving out the skills of technology. Strengthen information technology education, complete the era of computer education to information technology education, replace the information literacy in the first place, let students master the information technology skills, experience, experience, and experience in the practice, processing, management, presentation and communication of information. Information culture, enhance information awareness and responsibility, thereby cultivating citizens with qualified information age.
Emphasize the use of various conditions to create a diverse information environment, create a harmonious information atmosphere, to improve the learning and creation conditions; promote the use of information technology to solve the problem, learn to learn from information technology, thus going to the students to learn the society , Realize a good foundation for lifetime development. Strengthen technical design, focus on technical tests, highlighting students' innovative spirit and practical ability, according to high school students' knowledge reserves, psychological characteristics, and technical design as the main clues of organism high school students' technical learning content, full mining technology Designed to trigger students in-depth investigation and research, effective critical thinking, creative imagination, and enhance students 'practical ability, making it an important carrier for raising students' technical literacy. This course also emphasizes students 'learning from the ideological methods, techniques, technical test methods of technology, and methods of technical experiments, etc., to promote students' understanding, solve the problem of problem capacity, and promote the knowledge learned by students. Migration with capabilities. In addition, this course also pays attention to correctly handling the relationship between scientific and technology, theory and practice, design and production, so that it is organically unified and complementary. Reflecting the era characteristics of the technical curriculum, emphasizing the basics, versatility and selectivity of the course content, enhances the adaptive technical course content of the course standard, including the module as the basic unit, including those with the times, adapt to social development, and reflect the future Science and technology, with the content of the migration character, including those close to students, challenging, meeting the needs of students' personal development, and is conducive to the curriculum implementation and student elective content. The curriculum considers the difference between the region and the different characteristics of urban and rural schools, the application of broad, the application is strong, effectively solves the basic and selective phase of the technical courses in my country. Pay attention to the conditions of technical courses resource development and use, and emphasize resource integration according to the imbalance of my country's technical curriculum resources, and should take care of the conditions in the region where the conditions are relatively weak. The method introduced by the target guidance, the introduction of the project, allows the various places, and each school can determine the specific carrier for local conditions. At the same time, pay attention to the effective integration of course resources. For example, ordinary high schools and adjacent high schools, local professional high schools, technical schools can be used in terms of teachers, equipment, equipment, bases, etc., and credits for general technical courses can be obtained in their own school or in other ordinary high schools, vocational schools. , Technical school, technical education base, and science and technology venues. Establish a reasonable evaluation mechanism, explore the technical certificate system, and establish a reasonable evaluation mechanism based on the development of students. This course also conducted an exploration of the general high school technical certificate system. Based on the student of rural regular high schools, on the basis of mechanical compulsory modules, they can obtain "double cards" in conjunction with "green certificates" education and other technical training; urban ordinary middle schools can also open technical places or schools according to students' specific needs and specific conditions. Course, students have obtained the corresponding learning certificates by educating vocational technical courses or through other technical training. These measures reflect the different characteristics of rural and urban, embodying the communication of basic technical education and vocational and technical education in ordinary education. (The author is the head of the national general high school technology curriculum, the deputy dean of the School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Ph.D., Ph.D., Education, Education, according to the "Ordinary High School Curriculum Program (Experiment)", the General High School Curriculum by the field, subject, module three A hierarchy composition. The technical field is one of the eight major fields, and the "Ordinary High School Technical Curriculum Standard (Experiment)" is developed according to the curriculum program. Compared with previous high school courses, technology is newly set up subject. Technical courses include both information technology and general technology. In the actual opening, many school information technology and general technology are also open. Each high school student high school stage is divided into 8 points in the technical field, including 4 credits of information technology, 4 credits of general technology. Technical courses are divided into two parts: compulsory and elective repairs. The compulsory part of the information technology is only a module of "information technology foundation", accounting for 2 credits.
This module emphasizes that based on the application of information technology to solve practical problems, let students feel the form and its connotation of current social information culture by personally experience and understand the form and its connotation of current social information culture, and construct the value of social development. Experts suggest that the module should be opened in high, second semester. The elective part includes "algorithm and programming", "multimedia technology application", "network technology application", "data management technology" and "artificial intelligence preliminary" 5 modules, 2 points for each module, expert advice should be arranged in high one Third, four semester or later. Among them, "Algorithm and Programming" module, connect with some of the content in the mathematical curriculum, should be opened in the second grade of high school, second semester or later. It is recommended that there are conditions, schools to develop corresponding local courses or school-based courses. The general technical course is set 9 modules, including 2 compulsory modules, "Technology and Design 1"
, Technology and design
2"
, 2 must-have a relationship between modules, "technology and design
1"
Is "technology and design
2"
Foundation. Seven elective modules, electronic control technology, building and its design, simple robot production, modern agricultural technology, housekeeping technology, costume and design, car driving and maintenance, 2 credits for each module. Technology and design
1"
, Technology and design
2"
The basic content is a technical design. Some of the basic content and topics of the technical design, such as "design optimization", "system and design", "control and design", etc. reflect the advanced results and advanced culture of scientific and technological development, and is an important in contemporary technology ideas and methods. Part. The seven elective modules is a parallel relationship for students to choose from interest and conditions after studying compulsory modules. Students can study elective modules according to their own interests and future employment or enrichment. Experts recommend that students with engineering, agricultural orientation, at least 4 credits after obtaining four credits of compulsory, as a reference basis for high school students. (Zhao Xiaoya)
China Education News
2005
year
3
month
18
day
5th edition
