Here is an indication when Microsoft uses its own product. Microsoft Internet is shown in a common web site www.microsoft.com. We believe that if the product is available here - the world's third large Web site is running, you can run anywhere else.
Www.microsoft.com Abstract
We will show you how we make full use of software, how to organize hardware to make www.microsoft.com work with optimum efficiency. Here is some of the brief description of the hugeness and complexity of the site. Site: traffic daily, 600 million pages, 300 million, 400,000 visitors a day, 400 million users a day, 20 million users successfully downloaded 60 billion bytes of bytes growth in July 99 to July 99 The page reviews a percent of the 1205 months in the 12-month user increases one percent one hundred forty-two content 32 GB content 417,000 HTML or ASP file 434,000 GIF or JPG image file approximately 50 GB Download files can be updated at any time. Hardware Eight 100 megabi-bit capacity internal Ethernet 2 OC12 provides 1.2 megabi-capacity to the Internet, which has 4 Pentium III processors and 512 megabytes (MB) on Compaq ProLiant 5500S and Dell PowerEdge 6300S platforms. RAM. Software Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) 5.0 Microsoft Site Server 3.0 Microsoft SQL Server 7 Other Microsoft Tools and Applications Powerful Solution Www.microsoft.com In the 1994, only one machine It is enough to deal with the handle to handle more than one million clicks. This seems a bit ridiculous now. The data center only is located in Washington, the data center of Radmond, Wash. It is about 300 million clicks. Then, how is the hardware cost to minimize its explosive growth? How is it to manage one of the world's largest database? How is it faced with the challenge of dispersing a publishing environment? And how is it makes the effective utilization rate of the site? According to the engineers of the site, the answer is the effective software used. The entire site structure is above Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server, IIS 5.0, and SQL Server 7. "Our site fully shows Microsoft Technology," System Operation Manager Todd Weeks said, "We prove to the world every day we can build and maintain one of the world's largest sites through 100% use of Microsoft technology." Challenge www.microsoft. COM is not only a huge site with hundreds of thousands of contents; it is not only to be tens of millions of clicks per day; not only has a continuous growth rate. Site engineers believe that these are just relatively easy to cope with the challenges. The most interesting challenge is that www.microsoft.com is working under a decentralized release environment. More than 300 contributors and developers who provide information on the site are distributed in 51 locations in the world. These content providers can update www.microsoft.com every hour. In fact, the content on the site has been updated by five percent of the content per day. When you think 110 content servers located in the Amdon contains 420,000 pages of information that make up www.microsoft.com, you will feel that the complexity of the publishing environment is daunting. But the end result is that the information on www.microsoft.com is always currently current and can always be updated in time. A three-shift working group is uninterrupted to ensure that www.microsoft.com can operate normally 24 hours a day. "Our goal is to keep the site can be accessed by users within 99% of the time." Weeks said. So how do we reach the effective utilization rate of 99 o'clock? This is a very high goal. (6 percent downtime is used to perform daily maintenance, this is inevitable.) First, in terms of hardware
The physical structure behind www.microsoft.com looks unexpectedly. Thirty-five servers are used to manage the general web content; forty-five servers are used to manage SQL; twelve sets to respond to inquiries; sixteen are responsible for providing download services; other thirty sets of data centers; There are three management FTP contents. An additional server in overseas handles some international workload. Server is usually very stable. They are set to receive up to 6,000 users at the same time, and the average is only necessary to carry 1,000 to 1,500 users per unit. The usage of the processor is usually between 40 and 50%. Hardware organizations are to ensure that end users get fast and reliable service. Each hub, router, and switches have adopted the corresponding backup measures to ensure that the site can continue working properly when there is a problem with the machine. "Multiple servers are distributed on multiple local area networks, which ensures that hardware is not lost." Weeks said. In addition, many SQL servers have thermal backup capabilities. "We have many alternate hardware, just in case," Weeks said. Even if it is used to back up the SQL server, it is also fully utilized. Every day, the content on the online server is copied to the backup server, and the latter organizes the information to organize information on the information. This means that the online server can serve all days. "This greatly reduces the load," Weeks said, "the intensity of the server's processor is very large, and will slow down the number of requests per second." To ensure speed and availability, 8 Ethernet Seconds can provide 600 megabits of 600 megabits to the data center server. Two OC12 lines connect www.microsoft.com to the Internet backbone, each of which provides 1,200 megabits or 150 MB of capacity per second. From a long-term, the above capacity can transmit all information stored on a 3 GB hard disk - equivalent to the amount of transmission between standard PCs to Internet 20 seconds. So why does Microsoft does not buy more servers to deal with explosive growth on site? The answer is very clear. Improvement of site performance is not simply replacing hardware frequently when there is a problem. The key to the problem is that software. About software
Www.microsoft.com is a huge site. This requires reliable software to operate stably over reliable hardware. But at the same time, it also requires reasonable planning, originality and creative strategies. Here, we will introduce you how to make full use of software. Crack Puzzle All servers run in Windows 2000 Advanced Server. IIS 5.0 serves the web content. In addition, the search server that receives 150 requests per minute also runs Microsoft Site Server 3.0. Used to handle more than 500 applications, and the business peak time requires a database server that supports 400 connections at the same time, you also need to run SQL Server. "Software of collaborative work is like a part of the ring loop in a puzzle," said the site database system manager Robb Mitchell, "They cooperate with each other, so that it constitutes a seamless environment." Software can work One of the best reasons is that all applications can interact with other software. "Design the web page for Windows NT or Windows 2000, IIS and SQL," "Mitchell said," This is almost natural. "For example, if you are using Windows NT or Windows 2000 and a database, SQL can help you Integrate it completely with the web page tool and the wrench. Configuring different programs makes it easy to work. Suppose is using Microsoft FrontPage (a web page generation tool) and wants to insert a data call. FrontPage has a wizard that helps set the page with SQL and existing databases. Yes, you have a database working for a web site. Another example is "Open Database Condition (ODBC)", that is, the virtual channel of the data is passed between the application. ODBC is based on Windows NT, which automatically configures the status of working with other applications. "Don't worry about installing, but also don't have to deal with ODBC configuration." Mitchell said. "All parts can work very well - just say a 'Generate SQL call', the platform will automatically generate." Mitchell explained. The fun brought by Windows, SQL, and IIS, Mitchell can be called the forefront of www.microsoft.com in many ways. His working group is responsible for maintaining the normal operation of 170 databases in the world, and the contents currently in the online state take up 8 trillion bytes of space. Each SQL server needs to perform 200 processing per second. Mitchell needs to use the software; there is almost no error. "We have about 100 web servers 24 hours a day for SQL online services." He said, "They must remain seven days a week, 24 hours a day." Treatment this task, IIS server, in fact web server Using so-called "connection coordination" to maintain stability and efficiency. The IIS server is connected by each SQL server and maintains its validity - this is a solution that is less than a small server resource. The connection called "Connection - Disconnect" is disconnected after the end of the process, adds the server's work. Mitchell said. One of the advantages of IIS is to easily install, weeks say. Use its basic configuration to complete anything from a minimal operation to build the world's largest Web site. "Don't do too much adjustment," he added, "to adapt to the requirements of various users." IIS also allows the manager to run the "Process" application. This means that if you are designing sometimes cause violations and failed objects, IIS can isolate the program to continue to run without affecting the other parts of the site.
Since there are more than 40,000 pages of ASP pages, www.microsoft.com has many SQL content - in fact, the contents of 20 million lines. "This means that the site can become bigger, better, more dynamic. However, sometimes technical components will be more difficult to maintain if they developed very badly." Said Todd Wanke, Manager of the R & D department. Keep www.microsoft.com's largest obstacle to performance stable, is also the most cost-effective factor at the study event log and performance monitor - that is the content on a single page. "On the site that is high, if you contain a bad page," Weeks said, "this will affect the availability of the site, and it is also important to test it before the content is released. Sexual. "For example, if a ASP page is to accept 20 access requests per second, it can only respond to ten, even if the fastest hardware is used, additional requests will be contained. "The low level of content will affect the performance of the entire site, so that even if it is doubled, it is no longer," Weeks said, "All the needs of the content must be executed as soon as possible, not to delay." So How should managers handle problems and maintain it? "One of the advantages of SQL is that" MITCHELL said, "managers can complete all the necessary maintenance work in online. Do not have to affect the normal operation of the server, managers can manage data stacks and consistency checks. That is In the online state, you can check if there is an error. If you can fix it immediately. "MSDATA, a large database used to handle the entire company online registration business, capacity up to 70 GB, is a suitable example. Any Cookie visitor that came to www.microsoft.com, will first click MSData before going to any other place. "SQL Server allows us to update it when the database is still in connection." Mitchell said. To adapt to different needs, you can also customize SQL. The application is set in advance, such as text, date, and time, but you can also create your own specific profile. For example, use SQL to customize the defaults and rules. Suppose you need to create a form with address domain. If the user entered 98052 in the postal coding domain, the custom database is automatically added to the city and state domain, and Washington. But why do you want to use SQL? How can I use only insurance HTML and ASP? "Some content is only valid for the database engine," MITCHELL said, "can put a lot of data in HTML or ASP, but this will make this The size of the page is too large, so that it is not allowed from time or space considering. SQL has an extremely good response time - I said that it will be milliseconds. "Mitchell further:" Use Windows 2000 And SQL build a Web site is a work-effective method. We have proven this very stable and a heavy responsibility. We handle more than 10 million clicks every day and continue to increase, this fact is very significant. "Creative strategy
In this way, it has been hardware and software. How to make it fully utilized? We have found that this platform has great scalability and flexibility, so that it can be adjusted as needed. The following is some creative strategies we use at www.microsoft.com sites. Single IP Address Solution Server Errors often bring extremely bad experience to users, and administrators in the Web site will not show this. Engineers from www.microsoft.com do our best to avoid such problems when visiting www.microsoft.com sites. A unique strategy is "Single IP Address Solution". Initially, each server has its unique IP address on the Internet. In "Previous", when the user wants to access www.microsoft.com, their browser will use a unique IP address that belongs to a server on www.microsoft.com. If the server happens to be closed, it is too bad. Even if all other servers at www.microsoft.com have fun, the user will also have the defendant's error message in a desirable server. Single IP address solution completely changes this. Each IP address in use can represent the entire site. When there is a request, it will be sent to a server in an online. Servers in a closed state will be ignored. This process requires a Microsoft application called Httpmon, which is the effectiveness and status of the server, and the WANKE explains. RESULTS: 100% availability of external users. The content classification www.microsoft.com also uses a policy called "Clustering" to maintain the availability of content on the site. According to the different machines, the contents of the site are classified from the site from the physical perspective, or by the logical perspective from the logical point of logic. In this way, site engineers will ensure that users can access what they need. In this way, if a server cannot be used, other servers in the same group will assume its tasks. And this will avoid failure of other content on the site. "If any server can't work, it will not affect the service on the Internet, and users will not be aware." Weeks said. One of the benefits of IIS is that the runtime on different servers (the customer can be taken over a customer by other servers before a server "timeout"). Classification uses this, distinguishabate the site (short timeout value) to use the static HTML page (only a short timeout value) and the site that uses a large number of application enhancements (requires a large timeout value). "Static environment can be placed in front," said the general manager of the site, "Address www.microsoft.com is the introduction of the Web site - people who come to the site always see this page first." "For registration , Support, events, and bonuses require demanding services, all of which belong to application enhancements, can be classified according to their respective servers. Because these sites are important for users (at the same time), we will Such applications are distributed on the stand-alone server to build performance models more accurately. "SinclaIR said. Site engineers also classified some of the contents of some www.microsoft.com sites according to the product category. Windows, Office and BackOffice are saved in their respective subdomains under www.microsoft.com. "With the continuous development of Microsoft products, our Web site is aimed in supporting these products in support and functional enhancements in many ways." Sinclair said. He indirectly mentioned in future products, users only need to click on the button to accept the support of the product and download the enhanced function. What is the future development direction? Site engineers plan to designate a set of servers that specifically for different levels of users.
