Training of high-level competitive Taekwondo is a systematic project that requires constant exploration and summary experience in practice. This article proposes a statement for peer references.
First, training content and way
Basic work and basic technical training. The basic technology of Taekwondo is relatively simple. From the technical point of view, generally divided into two types of nine technologies, a class of techniques, the techniques used by the heads of the head below, including cross-kick, front kick, post-kick, side Kick, kick, hook kick, push and down; a class of fists. Follow the clenched fist using straight boxing. Steps and various combination techniques are the evolution and development of these two types of technologies. Some people have done statistics. Two types of technologies can vary than 3,200. To this end, primary training should be the first purpose to practice the basic skills and technical techniques of the two types of technologies, and lay a good foundation for high level training. High-level Taekwonding training should be a scale in actual combat, from the competition, improve the key technology link, make reasonable, effective, practical. If two types of technologies have major defects in the high level training phase, they will come back to compensate training, which must affect the training of high levels.
The general training method has the following
Target training. Conventional means for Taekwondo training. It should be paid to multi-design mobile targets, difficulty targets, and simulation targets.
Attack and defense training. The purpose is clear, demanding strict, targeted, means and methods can reflect the intent of the actual war.
Conditions or simulation of practical training. The difficulty of setting conditions is higher than the competition requirements, choose good sparring players and other simulation and methods to prevent injury.
Intelligent and psychological load training. Developing the wisdom factors of athletes, in training, cultivating the psychological endurance, increase load and strength.
Practical training. Creating the same actual atmosphere and scenarios in the competition, timely technical assessment, and formulate improvement measures and methods.
Second, the basic law and development trend
Basic technology and its training methods world players are generally connected, but high-level players in technical informational connections, change combinations, and comprehensive practical performance and practical application of practical practical ability, the strength gap between the players is also Aspect is reflected. Common training types can be divided into technical types, which focuses on the perfect technical training, relying on technology to win in the competition, and most Asian players belong to this type. The strength of strength is highlighting the strength training of the competitive Taekwondo requirements, and in the game, the energetic attack power forces the opponent. Most of the players in Europe and the Middle East have this feature. , Scattered, that is, emphasizes practicality in training, regardless of the technical quality, power size, focusing on the results of the final score, forming it seems that there is no character, and the game is very practical. These players have superman's physical quality and tenacious will quality, training annual sections, and good results.
Since the competition rules determine the purpose and mode of use of technical tactics, the skill and purpose of technical tactics in the game are very strong, but players are often difficult to fully demonstrate and use the diversified techniques obtained in training; generally speaking. The techniques and tactical levels of the player can be considerable in 40% -50% of the training in the competition. Signing which is the technical and tactics that are often used in the competition, we will increase the proportion of these technical tactics in training, which is the meaning of a taekwondo coach, but this simple law is not in training practice. It is possible to make full use and master, in terms of a single technology, the gold medal players and the unsuccessful players in the usual training are not large, but the limitations are limited to the gap between the two in the 11-minute game. The significant sign of major international competitions is that the higher the level of competition, the technical tactical expression and the score will tend to simply, refine, practical and effective, exhibit advanced simple features.
Taekwondo is a smart fighting project, tactical design and training is the core content of high level Taekwondo training. The general rules of tactical design and training are three aspects of interrelationship between technology and technology, physical distribution and fake action, and the former dominates. Another important factor in tactics is to combine the characteristics of the player, just like the same two leaves, the same technique is specific to each player, and the performance is different. How to put the same technique into different physical and mental levels, different levels of players, is indeed a problem. The relationship between research technology movements is a key link to high-level training. Carefully pondering the various basic technologies of Taekwondo, and it will find that there is a technological relationship between the technology, interconnect, interconnected, mutual constraints. One technique can break another technology, cyclo-ring, have conventional techniques, have anti-conventional technologies, emphasize coordinated development between various technologies, such as steps and kickings, hit, and hit, front legs And behind the legs, punches and feet, true movements, and fake movements, etc.
Intelligent as a key factor in the victory, in the training, mostly in the flexible mobile, fast and variable tactical performance forms in the "imaging" in the players, the technical action is formed, and the tactical reaction and the performance of the performance. The following consciousness or unconscious state appears in the game. In general, smart training is very important but it is difficult to grasp and implement in normal training, and it is the focus and difficulties in training.
Regarding the main points of technical movement training, the Vice President of the World Taekwondo Alliance, Mr. Li Zhongyou, ancestors of the competitive Taekwondo, said that the main point of Taekwondo technology movement: "Quickly collect, more than playing." This is not long, but the meaning is profound, this is probably the high summary and summary of Mr. Li's 50-year Taekwondo career. I will feel the impressiveness of this sentence carefully in training practice. Training of technical actions should pay attention to the order of force and the main work muscle groups and work. Some players take the remote chance to first force the main reason for the slow operation and the difference in hitting effect.
In Taekwondo competition, from the results of score, the technology used by the foot accounts for about 90-95%, including the front and rear kick technology dominates in this proportion. The problem in training is to neglect the technical training of the box. With the guiding direction of the competition to develop more intense direction, the technology of punch in offense and defensive and tactical action is increasingly significant. Domestic contestants rarely use the technology, mainly two reasons, one is that the players are not enough, ignoring the technical training of punches, and the second is that the score referee in the game cannot be scored, leading to the technique of players Lost confidence. As of now, there is no such thing as the technical score of using punches. According to the technology of the rules, it should be scored in accordance with the three conditions and one situation. The posture is correct, the hitting part is accurate, and the rules are in line with the rules, and the opponent is used in boxing. In major international competitions, the technology of punching has gradually increased, and the score has begun to appear.
The high-level competition is obvious, with strategic, can conduct attack and defense transformations, implementation of tactical intent. Therefore, it is possible to arrange a context and fake action training in training. Step by step training, it is best to combine the training of special technology, pay attention to the drop of legs, and many players only pursue the strength of the play target in the training, and ignore the fall, and it has been used as a single technology and not used. Form a competition technology. The species of the step method should also be distinguished, such as moving, sliding, jumping, moving, running, etc.
Third, special qualities and physical features
This project is a non-cycle anti-cycle anti-cycle anti-cycle anti-cycle of an oxygen-free metabolic operation technology, coordinating the relationship between energy supply and energy saving, and the sensitivity of central nervous system conduction is critical.
Explosive force, speed, and flexibility are the special qualities. Emphasize the lumbar backrest, single leg support capacity, passive muscle group and local specialized muscle group. At present, there is a weak quality in China. The accuracy and whipping efforts of Taekwondo Scoring, and sometimes the referee often determines whether the score is determined according to the magnitude of the player's technical action, but the action is not only technical issues, but also a practical requirements. These are required to have good flexibility in players. Korean players who have won the world champion, Xu Shengtiens can still roll over and after retiring after retiring, and its flexibility can be seen. Fourth, the significant characteristics of high level athletes:
Comprehensive technology: It is possible to fully understand and use Taekwondo technology. On the basis of comprehensive development technology, there is a number of technologies as the core.
Tactics highlight: according to its own conditions into offense and score skills, handling and dealing with complex situations and situation in the competition, the tactical design is reasonable, and the tactical performance is good.
Heavy aggressive: There is a correct attack concept and consciousness, and make it a variety of implementation and performance in the form of effective offensive purposes.
The body is good, high gravity, outstanding explosive force, flexible coordination.
IQ is high, and the psychological quality is good. It is possible to keep a calm mind in a fierce competition.
Good special quality. The burst force, speed and flexibility of Taekwondo players should have.
Five, several conventional score technology is extremely training
After kicking. This technology is especially useful in closing and sprinking; rules and human biomechanics make this technology in the competition. According to some expert statistics, there are 80% in the game in the competition.
Then kick. It can often be seen in the competition, one of the techniques of Taekwondo highlights, divided into two categories. The referee is generally based on the post-kick when scoring, and has a double standard in strength and technical amplitude.
Hit technology. Includes front leg air varying, or uses a traversal kick, a jamming, and other technologies to click on the other's head. Click. Control the other side distance, the use of techniques such as the kick, the kick, and other technologies in the sprout state. Multi-point assault. The continuous action begins, and the ending moves suddenly hits the opponent's head. It is common to attack the opponent's two ribs in the left and right, and the last hit toward the head. Opposition. Under the power of a strong sense of hit, good at choosing and manufacturing the best hitting time, using a variety of technologies, cleverly completing the attack on the head. Hurry hit. Using the top-down, forcibly attacking the head attack, more common in the "small" competition. Grab the point to meet. "Don't move, I don't move, I am moving, I move." While starting the attack on the opponent, the legs seizes the high point and hit.
Sixth, follow the dynamic law is the basic law of skill tactics.
Ama move. Technical action profile, tactical change is clear.
Small movement. Relatively large motion is not easy to be aware of action, such as various fake actions,
Mobile, beating, running, rotation, etc.
Internal action. It seems that it does not operate, but the process of doing things, implementing tactical intentions.
In addition, the training and competition characteristics of men and women players differ greatly. Women's athletes use a relatively small number of operations, and the technical movements are not difficult to win, and "win" and "big move scores". Men's athletes use many actions, there are more difficult technologies, move changes, and connect quickly, and is mainly "direct score" or "internal internal score".
6. Training players are familiar with the race rules and venues.
The competition is carried out under the guidance of rules. The players are familiar with the rules directly related to the results of the game, and this is precisely the content that is easy to overloolect in training. The focus of the trainer training class is generally concentrated in the quality of the technical movements and training, easy to ignore the rules to measure the training itself. Even when training in phases, the rules should be consistent. By responding to the technical application process, amplitude, and hittable parts, the reaction is made in an instant (1 second principle), which is the core point of the Taekwondo scoring. The difficulty in training is that it is not a training in accordance with the rules, not paying attention to the training under rule guidance, making the player's competition, and the technically unfounded technology is not recognized. Therefore, there is a conditional team, should have a referee coach, and often cultivate and train players from the perspective of the rules. In practice, the following is an unexpected harvest. Forcing the opponent to retreat to the side or induce the opponent foul, so that the opponent is determined by the "warning" or "deduction".
Pay attention to the attack after attack, improve the value of the score.
Active offense, dare to use high difficult technical action, and it will achieve advantageous decision points in the order of the order. sometimes. Active offensive with decisive significance, the advantage decision is based on 4 cases, active offensive, use technical action, high difficult technique, and attitude, and 4 cases selection. The Sydney Olympics Taekwondo competition finals appeared in the final, and the race was ranked. Whoever gets a point of winning, driving the overtime match, take advantage of the advantage criticism. It can be seen that every link in the game is important.
Eight, the level of competition and the difficulty of score.
The reason is that the high-level competition is extremely high, and the intensity, speed, and accuracy are extremely high. The situation of continuous score is almost difficult to see. It's a lot of cases of contrast, and excellent players tend to win 1-2 points. However, the high score has gradually rising. In recent years, the scores of the international competition finals are generally 10 points, meaning the player to have more than 3 points in each game. The hitting trend is enhanced and the necessary conditions can be created for other technical score scores. But the KO situation is not much.
Nine, worthy of research and discussion.
Correct understanding of basic skills and basic technologies, use practical requirements as test standards, pay attention to tactical basic skills and technology training, design and conduct basic skills, basic technical training. Technical training is a means, and the ability to cultivate is the process, and the competition needs to win is the purpose. To this end, we need to increase the training of technologies to the ability. Inheriting the training experience and results of contemporary success, excluding the negative impact of foreign traditional training models, using modern competitive Taekwondo development and demand training, gradually establish a new, advanced training system.
Highlight technical scope training purposes, targeted and systematic, and has multiple means and methods, strong operability, and prevent training alienation. Seriously study the key links of technical actions, find the main problems of existence, find a reasonable method for solving problems.
Strengthen physical fitness and special physical fitness training. Pay attention to the training of strength, speed quality, and flexible quality associated with special competencies to prevent ignore exercises against key muscle groups and joint flexibility. If the support for the foot, the hip flexibility, the waist abdomen back force includes the exercise of upper limb strength. The reasonable flexibility exercises and strength of strength are not contradictory, and the strength of flexibility and muscle stretching exercises should be increased.
Setting up a routine training indicator should reflect diversification, effective principles, including static power exercises, exercises on pads. Conventional projects should include: 11 minutes run, super long run, 3 minutes skipping, skip, 50m return, 30M sprint, 30 seconds high raise legs. Increase physical training and resistance exercises, reverse exercises, and air practice ratios. Intelligence is important and role in the victory, enhances the content of the intelligent part of the training, and implemented through specific means and methods.
Strengthen military theory learning and inspire from military classic campaign. Through the anatomical and analysis of the prevention, find out the ability to win or fail, thereby increasing the ability of analysis and research issues. Take individual conversations, preparation technology assessment and analysis, language review actual combat content, etc., enhanced athletes independently think and judgment capabilities, strengthen their "grasp the opportunity, select action" capability Arrange the technical analysis class, theoretical courses and seminars, the whole development and enhance the overall quality and ability of the athletes.
Ten, handling several important relationships in training.
Special skill training and weak link training. Based on "Special" skill training, it also takes into account the training of weak links that may have a deep impact on "special" skills.
Special physical quality training and technical training. The former is fundamentally, should be highly input, the latter is a "carrier" of competitiveness. Steaddy intersecting means should be taken, promote physical fitness and special physical fitness training with technical tactical training to prevent them from being cut off.
Simulate practical training and "actual combat". Regardless of the fact that the actual combat in the training is a lot of factors in the competition, there is a fairly gap between "actual combat" in the real competition. Preventing actual combat and "actual combat" seriously disconnection, minimize this gap is the performance of trainer and athlete's ability, and it is also the key to improving the level.
Cultivation of technical training and competitiveness. Technical training is the foundation of competitiveness. The competitive capacity is the form of technology, and the so-called feeling of excellent athletes, the next consciousness, and ripene hazelies are the reflection of competitiveness. Accelerating the transformation of technologies into competitiveness is the core to prevent "technically unobstructed" phenomenon.
Basic work training and cutting-edge technical training. At least two aspects of meaning, one is the basic work of "grinding", which is characterized by relatively long repeatability training, and the accumulation of the required amount is changed. First, use actual related tactics, opposite to the former, can be formed in a relatively short period of time, and unclear exercises. The technique of cutting-edge technology refers to the effective score in the competition, and some have the occurrence of difficulty techniques, and there is also a "advanced simple" action. The basis of the cutting-edge technology is the basic skill of "grinding", but the formation is the basic skill of tactical. To this end, it is necessary to pay attention to the training of tactical basic work, prevent the income of "grinding" basic power or teaching training.
Training of main players and non-main players. Improve the level of sparring is also an effective way to improve the level of training. The main and non-main force between the handicraft project may quickly conversion. The main players should understand and recognize the hardships of the spendant, non-main players should have a gans, willing to pave the stone. Spirit, beyond the courage and technology of the opponent, prevent the leave from spending. Inheritance and original. Absorbing the strengths and high levels of success, while independent, self-reliance, self-reliance, dare to innovate, innovate, personalized as an indicator of inspection training work.
General tactical style and special style. "Fast and change, flexible, unresponsive, to attack" is the general tactical style, should reflect all aspects of technical training training; "fast, quasi,, change" as a special technical style, is a routine standard for testing training. The special tactical style is in general tactical style and characteristics, it is the deepening, refinement, avatar and practicality of general tactical style and characteristics. Tactical style without special features is failed, leaving general tactical style and characteristics difficult to form a special tactical style.
Offense and counterattack. Offense is a strategic requirement, and counterattack is a form of attack. Pay attention to the comprehensive understanding of the connotation of offensive, deepen the understanding and research of offensive, and clarify the basic concept of various implementations.
Comply with rules and reasonable use rules. As a result of the referee, the rules and referee's criticism is the formation of technical tactics and a huge role and reaction force. The coaches and athletes should be proficient in rules, and the provisions of the rules have been referred to, and the law enforcement process and psychological state of the referee are very clear. On this basis, it is possible to use the rules to play technical tactics, in the active position in the game.
Single technology and complete sets of techniques. Single is the basis of complete sets, and the completion is a highly combination of single technology, and the two identification is unified. The vast majority of scores are completed by the final single technology, and almost all the single technologies of all scores are made and created by the kit. Some super-live players or strong contrasts in the high level competition may also have direct click scores, but the score of this idealized realization is very rare. Therefore, training main attack is still closely related to actual combat, high-difficult complex combination technology. The training of complete combination technology under the principle of high-difficult coefficients can also be an important part of the will of quality, style and special physical fitness training. General technology and technological innovation. Conventional technical training follows the general rules of training and competitions, technological innovation is an important principle and law of competitive sports development, which is a magic weapon. The world champion is the target, and the technical action must be innovated. At this stage, "more flying", "more after playing", hitting techniques, provides basic ideas.
Coaches and athletes. A good trainer first should have good comprehensive capacity and quality, and it can use itself to use and perform simultaneous use and performance during training. Be good at discovering the problems of the athlete, making the teaching process with athletes, athletes should have ideas, mind, understand the training process, prevent teaching and learning phase.
