To give full play to the role of your computer, you have to have a lot of application software to complete different work. In the Windows environment, we must have already been familiar with it. However, when using Linux, it will always be troubled by the following problems: how to install application software? Where is my software installed? How to delete unwanted applications? ...... Here, let's take a look at these problems.
I. Analyze Linux application software installation package: Typically there are three types of installation packages for Linux applications: 1) TAR package, such as Software-1.2.3-1.tar.gz. It is packaged using a packaging tool Tar using UNIX system. 2) RPM package, such as Software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm. It is a packaged format provided by Redhat Linux. 3) DPKG package, such as Software-1.2.3-1.Deb. It is a packaged format provided by Debain Linux. Moreover, most Linux application packages also have certain rules, which follow: Name - version - revision - type, for example: 1) Software-1.2.3-1.tar.gz means: Software Name: Software version number 1.2.3 Correction Version: 1 Type: tar.gz, Description is a TAR package. 2) sfotware-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm Software Name: Software version number: 1.2.3 Correction version: 1 Available Platform: i386, suitable for Intel 80x86 platforms. Type: RPM, an illustration is an RPM package. Note: Since the RPM format is usually compiled, the platform is required. The detailed description will be described later. And Software-1.2.3-1.deb is not needed! Everyone is practicing himself.
Second, understand the contents in the package: A linux application can contain two different content: 1) one is an executable file, which is to run directly after unpacking the package. Some packages in Windows are this type. After you have installed this program, you can use it, but you can't see the source program. And when downloading, pay attention to whether this software is the platform you use, otherwise it will not be installed. 2) The other is the source program, and after unpacking the package, you also need to use the compiler to compile it into an executable file. This is almost no in the Windows system, because Windows's thoughts are not open source. Usually, it is a source program with TAR packages; and use RPM, the DPKG packages are often executable. In general, you can do more flexible, but it is easy to encounter all kinds of problems and difficulties. Relatively, download those executable package, but it is easier to complete the software installation, of course, the flexibility is much more. So a software will always provide a plurality of package formats. You can choose according to your own situation.
Third, get the application software that uses TAR package 1. Installation: The entire installation process can be divided into the following steps: 1) Get the application software: Get the method of downloading, purchase the CD; 2) Understand the file: General Tar bag, will Do a compression, such as Gzip, BZ2, so you need to unzip first. If it is the most common GZ format, you can execute: TAR-XVZF Software Package Name, you can complete the decompression and unpacking work in one step. If not, first use decompression software, then perform "TAR-XVF Decompression Tar Pack" for unpacking; 3) Read the included Install file, readme file; 4) Execute "./configure" command to prepare for compilation ; 5) Execute the "Make" command for software compilation; 6) Execute "make install" complete installation; 7) Execute "make clean" to delete the temporary file generated when installation. Ok, I have a big merit this. We can run the app. But at this time, some readers will ask, how do I execute? This is also a problem with Linux features. In fact, in general, Linux's application software will be stored in / usr / local / bin directory! However, this is not the truth of "all the four seas", the most reliable or see this software's install and readme files, generally will be explained. 2. Uninstall: Usually developers developers rarely consider how to uninstall their own software, and TAR is only the work of packaging, so there is no good unloading method. So, if you can't uninstall it! In fact, it is not, there are two software to solve this problem, that is, Kinstall and Kife, which is a TAR package installation, uninstalling gold partner. Their use method, the author will report another article. I have not described here. Fourth, the application software that uses RPM package RPM can be called a contribution of Redhat, which makes Linux's software installation work easier. 1. Installation: I only need a simple sentence, you can finish it. Execute: RPM -IVH RPM software package name is higher, please see the following table: RPM parameter parameter Description -i Installation Software - T Test Installation, not really installing -p display installation progress -f ignore any error -U upgrade installation - v Detects if these parameters are installed correctly. More content can refer to the command help of the RPM. 2. Uninstall: I can just finish only a simple sentence. Execute: RPM -e software name But note that the software name is used later, not the software package name. For example, when installing Software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm, you should execute: rpm -ivh software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm and when uninstalled, then: rpm -e software. In addition, in Linux also provides graphical RPM tools such as gnorpm, kpackage, making the entire process easier. The specific application of these software, the author will report another document.
