· In 1999, the State Council's positioning to Zhongguancun High-tech Park is "Technology Center" and "Innovation Base", but today, Zhongguancun is far from the original intention of the technology center.
· "In addition to technology research and development, China has no choice." This is the development of Michael Porter to China's entrepreneurs. Why can't Zhongguancun are the science park model not to carry heavy burden of China's technology?
The main article comes from: "Global Finance", "Economy", "Chinese and Foreign Management"
Important: Free subscription Netease high-end reading (e-magazine) Editor: Pan Lei ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
Perhaps people will be the foundation of Zhongguancun to boast.
Zhongguancun High School of Technology, once a brilliant name, a name that is proud of the people. A few years ago, this name is a symbol of knowledge and is a pioneer of innovation. "Knowledge Hero" is here, "knowing the home" storm spreads from all over China. As China's Silicon Valley, Zhongguancun has hoped the hope of our technology.
However, in recent years, the "life cycle" of Zhongguancun IT enterprises in recent years is very short, and about 20% -30% of startups are closed. There is also a statistically said that in Zhongguancun, there is a small and medium-sized enterprise every 9 minutes.
go away! go away!
Company - Nothing: The IT company in Cui Tao is moving away from Zhongguancun, to the Chaoyang District, asked the reasons, he said: "The company's location choice is the company's business and customer needs, choose the customer Near, the convenient place is the factor that is the primary consideration. As for preferential policies, it is no longer the elements of attracting IT companies. "
Human - a turbulent environment: four years, a reporter's friend Xiao Liu has changed 5 times, and I won't change a company in average, so my friends around us are too lazy to remember the name of his new company. The company has existed, some shrinking or dying. Although the high hopping rate is not a patent of the IT industry, the shock of talents inevitably occurs in a more turbulent environment, but it is undeniable. [details] ---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
If you are an IT practitioner, would you choose to develop in Zhongguancun?
Hui Guancun is suitable for entrepreneurship and personal development, and it is difficult to say that it is difficult to see if it is more business and customer needs.
[Voting Results] [Post Comment]
Related Topics: One-time Zhongguancun
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Learn from 1: Taiwan Hsinchu Park's financing experience
In the 1970s, in the Taiwan area in Taiwan, in order to develop IT, not only the new bamboo park is built, but also in the research of some common technologies, my country's Taiwan regional governments have developed. When technology enters industrialization, Taiwan has introduced a large number of venture capital, such as HMQ, which makes Taiwan companies develop rapidly in the short term.
After the development of these companies, they also started to learn HMQ experience, participating in the risk investment of other companies, my country's Taiwan regional government supported these weak venture funds in the way of offset income tax, that is, if the company has invested 20% of the company As venture capital, turnover is only 80% of corporate income tax. This move has enabled the Risk Fund in Taiwan to rise, and even the Han Ding funds in Taiwan have an incident of HMQ, and become a good story in the VC industry. [detailed]
SMEs have been difficult to financing the financing of SMEs and is called the "Germany" of the Zhongguancun High-tech Industry. At present, Zhongguancun's funding source is divided into four parts: First, venture capital. The second is to rely on the private equity and underground finance of the company; three is the special funds from the Central Committee of the Central Committee, such as the Torch Program and some funds mastered by the Development and Reform Commission; Fourth is the funds of the Beijing Municipal Government and related departments, including Haidian The local government of the area is funded by the local government, the funds of the Beijing Industrial Promotion Bureau, etc., which is roughly these three parties. [Detailed] Pattern: The application procedure is complex - Zhongguancun's small and medium-sized IT businesses are relatively difficult to obtain loans and financing from these institutions. "There is not much to financing, but also 3 million yuan in the district. But we try to find various ways, such as the Zhongguancun guarantee company to guarantee loans, and try the project loan, but still not falling." Zhongguancun IT company The person in charge complained. For most Zhongguancun's small and medium-sized IT companies, if you want to get a loan, it is not only necessary to provide the collateral, but the cost of its loan is not cheaper, but also from preparing materials to the declaration, procedures are extremely cumbersome. [detailed]
Management architecture is abnormal - local government agencies all levels have funded injection, and the funding channels have diverse Zhongguancun companies to relatively dispersed, Shangguancun, Chaoyang District, which makes Beijing's investment financing is not convenient to guide, Zhongguancun's management architecture Exception is complex. Ni Zhengdong said, "If so, we should find the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, the Beijing Municipal Government, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Haidian District Government, or Chaoyang District Government? This is a very complex management system, unlike Shanghai and Shenzhen, the city The government said it. "[Detailed]
Enterprises private equity or underground finance have become the main source: for financing, each company has made it out. It is understood that common is the company's private equity, and even underground financial, with the original funds of several partners as the start of funds, in subsequent development, according to the project progress, find a partner, absorb further funds.
Disadvantages - However, relying on private equity and underground finance is a manifestation of serious lag. For growth-growing companies, rolling the development of their own funds and profits, is also tension and buried hidden dangers. Zhongguancun often has "human evaporation" companies, and some even because of the lack of millions of yuan funds. [detailed]
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"In China, a relatively weak country, at least four consecutive years of high-speed growth in high-speed growth can be said to be a gazebo business." Fang Xingdong believes that in addition to Lenovo, Zhongguancun Outside the company, I can't see the shadow of other companies.
· The road of development of malformation
A person who is familiar with Zhongguancun Enterprise Current Situation revealed that Zhongguancun did not actually "uncomfortable" company, even if there is, it is difficult to survive. "Ten years ago, things that several buddies jointly went to make money at all." "Come here", refers to all kinds of mountains, which means that many companies have rely on development of government resources to get projects. Over active, the project is the life and death line of these companies.
Therefore, these companies do not have to have more efforts in technology research and development, but who has resources, who got the project, just a grass platform, or to help others, the same means that the financial resources are rolling, and there is no worries. It should be seen that such a development model has created space for power. Obviously, it is unrealistic to achieve technological innovation, and the exemplary effect of Changguancun will take a deformity development path.
· Parasitic school office company
Another presence of Zhongguancun, high-tech enterprises is to rely on school-run enterprises in colleges or research institutes, and the independence of laboratory products is indifferent to industrialized products. Due to the special identity of the school-run company, although the reactive gongs and drums knocked the earthquake, they threw their "detachment", but it was compared to ordinary private enterprises, except for talent advantages, there is still a certain advantage, that is, it can get School or country support, including a lot of money. For SMEs in the hunger of funds, this is a good thing, but many companies have been parasitic because of their birth, so they gradually develop a parasitic "bad habits", no money to reach out, technology R & D and technical progress are slow and passive.
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Small investigation Do you think Zhongguancun has lost innovation? Yes
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Seeing the failure - Zhongguancun banner lost: Despite the relationship between the Lenovo, Fang Xingdong believes that this does not represent the technological innovation of Lenovo. Also as a company, Zhongguancun flag, etc., has also lost in a diversified road, lost real technology innovation. China is now really moving towards the international market, such as Huawei, SMIC, TCL and other companies are not born in Zhongguancun.
Case - Lenovo: Lenovo is 20 years old this year, and its revenue has not achieved growth in 4 years, and more than 95% of the revenue from Lenovo came from China. This is undoubtedly a dangerous signal for any company. As of early December 2004, the market value of Lenovo was about 800 million US dollars, which is only similar to grand. Fang Xingdong said: "If Huawei is successfully listed, its market value is 10 times that is Lenovo. This is not a simple transcendence, but the Lenovo is far behind them." [Detailed]
Optimistic - chip companies will re-create miracles:
A new number of new chip (IC) design and network security fields in Zhongguancun is rising. According to industry people, in 2005, Zhongguancun's Zhongxing, Dexin Wireless, Baidu, Datang Micro Electronics and other enterprises may stage China's miracle in Nasdaq.
A case 1 - Zhongxing micro: a 5-year-old enterprise, its digital multimedia chip has occupied more than 40% of the market in the global market, and is well known for HP, Logitech, Samsung, Fujitsu, Philips and other internationally renowned Enterprises have used it. [detailed]
Case 2 - Datang Microelectronics: Datang Microelectronics is the largest chip design enterprise in China, with an IC card chip, mobile phone SIM card, etc. has an independent intellectual property rights. In 2003, Datang Micro Electronics ranked first in high-end SIM card market, and its ID card special chip has entered the second-generation ID card in 2004. [detailed]
Pessimistic: Differential Investment Reduction: Data Show, China's total investment in China reached 1269 million US dollars, including 27% of Shanghai, Beijing accounting for 19%, and the second. [detailed]
IPO ability: As of December 2004, 9 companies were listed in Nasdaq, including Guangzhi's grand, Ctrip, Lingtong.com, Tencent, etc., this is not a company in Zhongguancun. Fang Xingsong believes that Zhongguancun has been unique in the country in the high-tech field, in accordance with normal laws, at which five or six are Zhongguancun. And the facts are departed from this, which is not an accidentality. [detailed]
Optimistic: The industrial cycle has not arrived - for the IPO of Zhongguancun Enterprises, Wang Chao said that the high-tech industry is not a chance, and it cannot be fixed within two or three years in such a short period of time to evaluate Zhongguancun's life and death. Regarding the 2004 Zhongguancun Company's IPO, Wang Taoji believes that it is the problem of industrial cycle. [detailed]
Wang Chaolong, Chairman of Xinye Investment Co., Ltd., believes that in 2003, the list of Shanghai, a large extent, because SMIC has gain huge financing. In 2004, Shanghai received a 60 million US dollars, a $ 50 million investment, including the movement of the entire industrial chain after SMIC, so that many VCs have chosen, and the balance is biased towards Shanghai. [Detailed] ------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Compare: Silicon Valley Development Model
Support for grassroots groups mainly based on high-tech IT: If we divide the history of high-tech companies into five stages - Innovation period, the growth period, the early maturity period, the late maturity period, the recession, then Silicon Valley put resources, network The mechanism and even cultural center of gravity are placed on the first two stages. It can be said that Silicon Valley is a high-tech nursery and kindergarten.
Heaven: SME: Silicon Valley is not in Intel, HP and Cisco, but it has been constantly being continuously for this industry for a year, providing new companies, new technologies, new products for the whole world. Silicon Valley's past, now the glory of the future is that it is a heaven of SMEs.
Consolidate campus culture: Whether in the past, the future, the business culture in high-tech fields is in the entrance of the campus in this source, which is the persistent level of science and technology innovation values. Stanford's campus culture is the soul of Silicon Valley, and in turn, the entrepreneurial culture of Silicon Valley has continued to change and enhance the campus culture of Stanford, and Stanford University is always standing at the forefront of the high-tech industry. [detailed]
The mistakes of the big company: the rise in land prices, the growth of fixed costs, so that many SMEs were "squeezed" to Zhongguancun, at the same time, the world's 500-strong enterprises in the world have been stationed. On the 6th Zhongguancun Computer Festival held in September 2003, there was reported that "Zhongguancun Software Park attracted Siemens and other worldwide six companies."
A person in charge of Zhongguancun, a person in charge publicly preached his point of view. He believed that the science and technology park was positioned at a high level. Only the internationalization of internationalized companies can drive the internationalization and technology of local enterprises. The blueprint is very magnificent.
Indirectly suppressed the innovation of SMEs: For Zhongguancun, overcast attention to the attractive world of 500, even engage in headquarters economies, although the growth of GDP will be pulled in the short term, the results on the transcript will be better, but this is In order to destroy the "ecological" and original appearance of Zhongguancun, IT giants will lead to rising room rates, and the commercial atmosphere is rich, which directly puts capital incomplete entrepreneurial small companies to the abyss, and therefore makes more SMEs grow increasingly The status of the big company is the attraction, leaning on the edge of profit and slipping into the struggle, thus completely losing innovation capabilities. [detailed]
Software coat doing real estate
In the early 1980s, the development of Zhongguancun is a group of entrepreneurs with technology backgrounds, the government is in assistive and service. After determining the construction of the Science Park, the government has become the main body of economic development, all districts, and the various governments regard GDP high growth as their own goal, so there is a development trend of relying on real estate.
Because the real estate industry is involved, Zhongguancun has quickly become "expensive". In Zhongguancun, at this stage, almost all real estate projects in the region, whether the office property is still a first round of consumer groups in Zhongguancun's IT businesses.
It is understood that Zhongguancun's housing prices are inconsistent with CBD, and Zhongguancun small and medium-sized enterprises account for 80% of China, 10 to 50 companies, private companies account for 80%, it is obvious that these entrepreneurial enterprises are very nervous. , Especially cost savings, high rent will undoubtedly bring huge pressure to their start.
"Zhongguancun has gradually evolved into a development model of land, environmental resources, and market attracting funds and technology investment in exchange for economic growth. The situation of driving economic development with a large number of innovative science and technology achievements." [Detailed] - -------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------
Small investigation
What do you think China's technological innovation is mainly promoted?
The company's independent research and development policy supports the improved financing system to encourage industry bases for SMEs.
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The gap is huge: Over the past 15 years, foreign companies and domestic enterprises have applied for patents in China are 6.4:1. The foreigners in the field account for 90% in China, accounting for 70% of the computer, accounting for 60.5% in the medical sector, and the biological field. 87.3%, the communication field accounts for 92.2%. Although China has become the IT industry big country, but due to key technologies such as microprocessors to monopolize multinational companies, domestic companies have to face a low added value of product procurement costs. [detailed]
"Market exchange technology" is destroyed - many years, China's "market change technology" has driven the development of industrial, but the destruction of the dream of "market exchange technology" is almost repeated in various fields. For example, China's automotive enterprises have fallen into "backward - introduction - backward - re-introduction" and "weakness - dependence - the more dependence - the weaker ability of the ability". In the field of IT, due to core hardware, system software development has long lagging, so that the process of driving industrialization in information is slow. In the industry, the manufacturing area, because of the lack of scale development capabilities of advanced manufacturing process technology equipment, who will have become a very serious problem. [detailed]
R & D innovation capabilities are thresholds - those who are extremely strategically co-burning, ungrateful Chinese companies - such as the intensiveness of the trade operations, the scene, the scene, but the focus of the focus, it is precisely the research and development and Self-sounding business typical representation. A group of star companies that are bleak have to be acknowledged that no matter how many truths in the market, there is a hard research and development capability is a hard channel that does not exceed. With Lenovo, the trade technology representative represented by Haier is unbearable to let the "China" (ZTE, Huawei) route in technology research and development. "[detailed]
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ What do you think is the biggest problem in the development of Zhongguancun?
Long management of financing
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-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Comparison: The Road to the Development of Taiwan Hsinchu Park
1. Large-scale infrastructure, formulate preferential policy stages: On the one hand, a large amount of funds are put into public infrastructure construction in the park, and on the other hand, a series of preferential policies is actively enacted to attract the park's foreign high technology company to invest in the factory.
2. High-tech standardized production leading stage: the number of enterprises has grown rapidly, but corporate activities are mainly based on standardized production of high-tech products.
3. R & D and production score autumn stages: from 1990, private capital began to enter the park. The authorities are no longer the only advanced technological resource agents and major capital guides. The status of multinational companies is also weakening.
4, staged the stage of R & D activities: After 20 years of development, the campus resources have not been used. The Taiwan authorities have attached to the development of research and development and design industries.
Multi-man management - the savings of the system: Zhongguancun Science Park is in fact, in fact, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, colleges and universities (batch of colleges and universities represented by Northern University), Beijing Municipal Government, Haidian, Chaoyang and other districts, each of which The government, all departments have the interests related to their own, and the relationship between interests is not coordinated. For example, Beijing and Haidian District have carried out a Haidian West District, Tsinghua, Peking University and Into my science park, a total of millions of square meters of building area, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences also engaged in a Eastern area, and its institution is real estate development, become serious Low level repeated construction. [Detailed] Side effects of government influence: As Zhongguancun has increasingly affected, its resources (political resources, market resources and other resources) are increasingly rich, and the government's influence is getting bigger and more energy ". At this time, it is increasingly challenged to maintain the relative neutral identity of the settlers and rivals of the game rules. In terms of developing high-tech, government roles are important, but high-tech needs "smart" government.
In a long period of time, Zhongguancun's class is quite simple and flat, and today, more and more unified classes make the industrial ecology and market ecology, which are based on equality and mutual benefits. Especially the most good cycle, and can stabilize the olive class structure of the olive class, and the layered structure of the pyramid is inverted. [detailed]
Change the way - Institutional Innovation: Guo Lihong, Minister of Technology and Economic Research, Minister of Development Research Center of the State Council, said, "The Central Committee wants Zhongguancun to become a model of China's high-tech development, but Zhongguancun's institutional construction cannot rely on Zhongguancun." This is the primary contradiction between Zhongguancun. " .
Establish a special fund: Ni Zhengdong proposes that the Beijing Municipal Government has guaranteed the legislation of the People's Congress. From the taxation of Beijing, a special fund set up a special fund to support the development of IT. "The government can use funding form to support high-risk basic research, through the form of investment funds through the parent fund or ratio investment, to zoom in investment in Beijing."
Unified management department: Some experts boldly put forward that the central government should re-examine the status of Zhongguancun, and should establish a more strong and unified management architecture, and Zhongguancun as a policy trial field. On this basis, the management of Zhongguancun is flatten, and the financing channel is specialized, and the mechanism is marked with marketization. [detailed]
