The "seven waste" summed in Toyota production method, mainly in the production site, but what is the deep reason for these waste? If you only pay attention to the waste of the scene, it is undoubtedly the top one by the fact that the essence problem covered by the phenomenon is not resolved. In order to carry out the activities of eliminating waste, we first propose the concept of "seven waste" in management work to guide you to participate in this work. ◎ Management does not "wait"
In management, the waiting waste is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
Waiting for the superiors, the superior is not arranged, wait until the lower level, the superior does not indicate that the lower level is not executed, the superior does not ask if the lower level does not report, the superior does not check the lower level. How do you do more than a lot of things? Listening to the indication is not wrong, then the responsibility can be shared. Many jobs are completed by multiple inspections and procedures, causing great waste.
Waiting for the submission of the reporting task has been arranged, but there is no inspection, supervision. Do not take the initiative to investigate, master the first-hand information, just listen to the lower level, do not verify, decide or report to the upper level, out of the problem, responsibility can also push it on the lower level.
Waiting for the other party's reply I have contacted the other party, when I get a reply, I can't decide, the responsibility of the delay work should be responsible by the other party, I can only wait. Responsibility is also not afraid, I will give this document to the other party on a certain day, and I have been very clear here. What can I do if I don't reply? You still contact each other to avoid delays.
Waiting for the contact function department of the production site does not take the initiative to provide services to the site, but the connection between the scenes, sometimes it is very impatient, think more, there is nothing, but there is no way to do it, and seriously affect production. Timely resolution in the field problem.
These "waiting" is a large amount in work, mainly the lack of responsibility and initiative of middle management, and is not willing to take responsibility. For this waste, we believe that according to the cultural atmosphere of different enterprises, if you cannot use Y theory to encourage employees to eliminate waiting waste, you need to use X theory to strengthen management, such as for more important work, you can use 5W1H to plan Decompose, then control, check, and assessment. In fact, the X and Y theory cannot fundamentally solve problems, and X Y is meticulous may be better.
◎ Put the unordered ordered "no rules, not square", this old language explains the importance of order. There is a lack of clear rules, institutions, processes, and it is well known. This is well known. But if there is no order, there is no one, and the disorderly waste caused by personal willingness is even very bad. Disorder caused by the unclear duties, due to system, management, etc., causing a work like two departments, but entanglement, pulling the skin all day, making the original order, resulting in great waste . A certain department, when seeing a work, if it does not do, it will affect the company's interests, it has been completed. At this time, there was a strange phenomenon: So, this work will be made by you, the responsible department is in turn, and this is also a kind of disorder. The unordoaming quality caused by low business capabilities, and the ability cannot meet the needs of work, will cause the job disorder. The department and personnel should be undertaken, due to not enough capacity, the work confusion is caused; when the department and personnel change, the work transfer is not in powerful, the collaboration is not in place, the original workflow is often overturned, people have increased from " Disorder "Restore to" Ordered ". An effective manager should be a standardized master, standardize complicated, standardize, simplify, so that ordinary employees can complete the work that cannot be completed. There is no unordering of chapters, regardless of the company's rules and regulations as the code of others, no self-discipline, do not work, do not manage the assessment according to the system, causing non-orderless management, affecting the enthusiasm and creativity of employees, affecting the enthusiasm of employees Overall work efficiency and quality. This kind of person is caused by the unordered the harm. The longitudinal sector setting of the business process is set, and the horizontal business processes are severely cracked. Most of the departments consider whether the work can be conscientiously implemented, and rarely consider how to assist the relevant departments. It is usually considered to be centered on this department, and less work-centered, not a department support process, but require the process to turn around the department, resulting in the confusion of the process, and the work cannot be successfully completed, and it is necessary to repeatedly coordinate and increase management costs. Interested friends can find out the management regulations of their own company, may find a more interesting phenomenon: the company's provisions are rarely prepared in the order of the horizontal business process, most is written according to the vertical department, two How to hand over a department is unknown when it is implemented. These frequently occurring frequencies, will cause the company's management confusion. Managers should analyze the cause of disorder, strive to seize the main contradictions, thinking in this disorderly state, how to make the disorder become relatively ordered, thus integrating resources, playing the greatest efficiency . This is one of the problems that the high-level managers should pay attention to and focus on. ◎ Coordination and weak enterprise lose the so-called co-cohesive coordination, which means that all elements in the organization, work or activities should be harmonized to facilitate organizational overall goals. With a good coordination, there will be a synergistic effect of 1 1> 2. Therefore, Farg Yoro considers coordination as a basic function of management. And if you are uniform in management, you will cause waste of work stagnation. The coordination of the working process is weak, and the work of the two departments will have problems. Both parties do not actively contact, and the third department is needed to coordinate, and the work progress will of course be affected. Some of the work should be responsible for unclear defining, in the department, the work is lacking in collaborative spirit and exchange awareness, and each other is waiting, it should be, the other party is responsible, the result is no one, the original small The problem is also dragged into a big problem.
The implementation of the higher-level indication is not conveyed to the work instructions and related conference layouts of the upper level. Even if there is no effective coordination to organize the implementation of the slogan, the work is stagnant, and there is no effective implementation. Form a working blind zone. The coordination of information transfer is turned to a certain department, so that the relevant departments that should be obtained can be cured, it is difficult to effectively work. There is no classification summary, stagnation in dispersion; information is not fully analyzed, verified, and utilized, still stagnating in the original state; the information is not accurate, causing production blindly, the material supply is confusing, the plan is frequently adjusted, there is no advantageous overtime And inventory increases. What's more, regard the information as the door or individual, intentionally no longer transfer, it affects greater. The coordination of business processes is not intended to manage activities. It is not a department that can be independently completed, and more than two sectors are completed, and they are done by horizontal business processes. However, due to the cutting of the business process, it will form some breakpoints. If it is not possible to work well, the business process cannot run smoothly, resulting in a subsequent process stagnation, resulting in a loss, even if it looks around, it also has reduced efficiency. It may not meet the expected results. Coordination is not one of the biggest waste in management, it makes the entire organization not forming cohesiveness, lacks team awareness, coordination spirit, resulting in low work efficiency. Even for companies such as Dalian Sanyo Refrigeration Co., Ltd., coordination is also very hurtful. In Sanyo Refrigeration, in order to solve the coordination problem, set our production management department as the general coordination department of the production and operation of the relevant joint work, and then give partial command, although it is smooth, but the coordination cost is too high. At present, we are trying to adjust the organizational structure, reduce the number of portrait function, and establish project responsibility system, gradually open the bottleneck in the horizontal business process, to achieve the reorganization and recrystall of the business process in the stage of the transverse business process. ◎ Let the idle "move" we call the inventory waste in the management work as "idle". The agency overlaps, the function overlaps ... forming a person floating, so that the production and operation elements cannot be effectively utilized, causing idle waste. The idleness of fixed assets is too optimistic to estimate the market situation and underestimation of production potential. It is passionate to expand the scale, and it is easy to lead to waste, plant, production equipment, etc. due to lack of construction, so that the company has increased, low profit reduction , Competitiveness decline. This kind of waste is most prone to high-level leadership, because they have to make organizations, create political achievements, so even if there is feasibility analysis, it is also full of optimistic estimates, and even leaders have consciously exaggerated expectations. The idle or overlapping company has set some functions for certain departments when conducting organization design, but in actual work, the function has not played a role, causing the idleness of departmental functions, and has an impact on the company's related work. The two departments have undertaken similar work, and the duties are partially overlapping, as if anyone can be responsible, no one is responsible. When you push each other, you will have achieved each other, and it is easy to cause mutual treatment in your work. Overlapping of work program complications In some cases, for some unimportant tasks, the superior actually assumes only the signature function, but if there is no signature or recognition, the business cannot be performed, will wait and stagnation and other waste .
Why do you have this waste? If you are worried about losing power, the lower level will ask for things, and the organization will gradually rigid and lose vitality. This is the mistake of every level of managers. Only dare to authorize the process to simplify the process and improve efficiency. People's idle people do good things, emphasize the importance of this work, increase people, three people do two people. Due to the unsaturation of the workload, Parkinson's law has a role: in order to avoid the criticism of the upper class "people float", we will start to create additional work. For example, the General Department will add a secretary. In order to fill her work, it will take the company. Or in the name of the department notify other departments, please submit the ×× plan, summarize and report, so an additional work is created to form a series of chain waste. The secretary has works, but also achieves the effect of "refining management". The idleness of information is more competitive in today's competition. The company is full of information inside and outside. It should be used in the useful information. After a summary, analysis and other processing, it is extremely amazing. It is necessary to change from fundamental changes. From the purpose of information, the total, analyze, archive, and then output, find inaccurate, not timely waste, and eradication. Flat management, business process reconstruction, organization renovation, process management, etc. are effective measures for workflow, standardization, and duty, can reduce idle waste from some extent. However, more important is that the thought can not be idle, the water is not rot, if you can continue to hit old thinking with new management ideas, naturally take effective countermeasures to eliminate waste due to idle. ◎ The most common as the name is the most common, and the work is to work, but do not take the initiative, not serious, perfunctory, do not pursue the best results, there is a lack of actual effect, is a meaning form that is not strong in responsibility, this Waste is often seen in work. In the system management, many work should not be worried, do not pay attention to daily standard management, lack of practical basic work, review the front assault surface work, to cope with the review, and the actual effect is conceivable. Why is the domestic ISO9000 quality system qualification certificate increasingly low? Because many companies can flatten persons, even if there is a problem, it will communicate with the manager. On behalf of the last meeting, only a few generally do not meet the item, and naturally passed after rectification. Can you have to pay, then do it carefully. Debate the work of the company's arrangement, do not complete according to the planned request, only some surface articles, go to the company's inspection. People often say: Dry dryness is an attitude issue. It is good to do it. It is very worthwhile to play. If the person who checks the work should also be paid, or it will form an empty air. If you can't put it back, it is not serious, and if you are not serious, you will have a big impact on follow-up, such as the delivery period is not accurate. If it is not timely, it will lead to the emergence of manufacturing systems. A variety of waste of additional overtime. It is not planned to self-examination in the work of the tiger's snake, doing things only, with time, then forget to do it without done. Work lacks active, letting what is going, just paying things, rather than yourself require better. These are extremely harmful to the work.
The waste payable is mainly caused by the loss of responsibility and low quality. It is actually the dereliction of work in the work. This waste of waste is hidden, and the body of the organization will gradually erode the body of the tissue. It is a chronic poison. . The waste of this kind of empty conference must not be numb, listen, and should establish and improve the supervision assessment mechanism centered on performance to reduce waste. ◎ Reject "inefficiency" repeatedly inefficient meanings include: inefficient or inefficiencies of work is very large, and the inefficiencies are very large, and it is very much in low efficiency; it is only necessary to work with one person. It takes more than two people to complete; the task should be repeated in accordance with the scheduled task. The wrong job is a negative efficiency that does not have a lot of waste. It should be correctly completed, and will have a waste of rework, redo, correct, etc., and even affect the whole. If it is an incorrect work, the loss is larger. More terrible is that this error is allowed to some extent, which will be covered with a variety of reasons, reasons to cover, thus repeatedly occur, resulting in similar waste. We allow for creative mistakes without allowing low-level errors that have been repeated. What is the reason why the low efficiency is caused? The lack of low quality learning ability, the desalination of the crisis awareness, causing the quality of many people to meet the needs of work. In each organization, the quality of the person must be uneven, complaining that it is not used, and the responsibility can be pushed to ordinary employees, only low quality managers, without absolute low quality employees. High-quality managers can lead employees to complete their tasks through training guidance, employing people, people do their best. A group of lions led a group of lambs and a sheep led a group of lions. Therefore, it should be found from the middle and senior managers, but cannot simply push the responsibility to the lower level. The method is not properly arranged, which will lead to low efficiency. It is unreasonable, and the work is difficult to complete. It will have problems in order. It will cause the primary and secondary, the key work is not done ... Square self-sealing rigidity, the past success experience, The effective way to go in the past will make some "success" people with self-satisfaction, Shen Yu in the brilliant in the past, and do not think about it, do not continue to improve themselves, use the original set to face the internal and external environment It not only leads to inefficiencies, but even dragging down the project of the entire organization, becoming a stumbling block for the entire organization. Only have new ideas, and accept new problems. Management must truly "reason" can be managed according to the cost of management. It is an important part of the cost of corporate cost. Management must act according to "reason" to control costs, reduce waste, otherwise it will be punished. "Treatment" specifically refers to "target, indicator, budget, plan" in business management, however, if "reason" itself has problems, it is harmful. The non-reasonable management of the target indicator is "reasonable", but the premise is "reason" is correct. If "理" itself has problems, or we understand wrong, then the result can be imagined. Just like a math problem, if the known conditions are not complete or even wrong, even if the operation process is wonderful, it is also derived from the correct results. Planning is not based on the company's target indicators, but do not know how to decompose, rely on "shooting brain" and want to set budget and plan, lack of executive. For non-quantized work, it is not refined, not operability. The short-term plan is not prepared around the medium and long-term plan, and there is no stamping and departure between the two, and continuity is not considered.
Planning to drag the drag pull, the situation is urgent, and it is neglects the timely time. For this plan, if you do not modify and adjust, even push down, it will bring great harm. Plans to implement unscrupulous superh, I don't know the content of the plan, so I can't execute; the actual situation has changed too fast, so that the plan cannot be implemented; due to the work of the former road, there is no timely completion, causing the plan to complete; the company developed, The indicator is not implemented because of the implementation of difficulties, according to the content you imagine; after receiving the plan, you don't look at it, the planned content is not known, or you will throw it on the side, and you will not be executed at all. Planning is not serious, and the plan assessment is carried out by the company, and I don't have to check again everyday. The plan has a deviation, or the plan is high, or it is scheduled to miss it, it must be reasonable, why bother to investigate it. It's almost the same, it's more implementation. The planned assessment is not in place because the progress and completion of the plan cannot be understood and there is a problem, and it is difficult to implement the assessment. Even if the problem is discovered, it does not review the cause of the anti-provincial, objectively analyzing the difference, but it is emphasizing the reason, shirking responsibility, evading the assessment. After discovering the problem, the measures are not in place, causing the next plan to be reflected or corrected, resulting in a long-term existence. Are working in a company, you can't see you, why bother to sin, you can write a few words, you can keep it back. It is too high if the cost is completed, but is the cost too high? What is the return on investment? It is already known to have to be lost, but because the plan has been submitted to the head office, it is hard to do it, it is reluctant to recognize failure, so that the company will continue to suffer losses and form new waste. These problems often exist in daily management, but it is difficult to measure, it is not as intuitive, so the hidden waste of management costs is often overlooked, and even as a matter of course, it is difficult to form elimination Waste motivation. A company has not completed the company's plan for several consecutive years, but it is not former up and down, so that outsiders are surprised. After understanding: The group where the company is located has developed three years after sales revenue to break through the development goals of $ 100 billion, and decomposing into an annual goal, and issuing indicators to subordinate enterprises. Since the company is not in accordance with the actual situation, it is very high, and the main indicators have been binding very high, lack of data support, and is not very feasible. According to the company plan, the functional department plan and the monthly decomposition plan and the actual difference are far away. In order to prepare a plan, it is not confident that the plan is completed when planned. Since the target indicators are unreasonable, the plan does not have practicality, during the execution, check and assessment process, everyone is in the heart, and it is a full of over. Even if the function plan, such as purchasing materials and equipment, it will cause greater waste. Therefore, when you come to the year, everyone is not planning, the law is not responsible, everyone is reluctant, lost the pursuit, and the development of the company is huge. "Seven waste" in management work is much more serious than "seven waste" in the production site pointed out by Toyota production method, but it is also difficult to solve it.
