AAC
AAC is a full name of Advanced Audio Coding, which will be an alternative to AC3 audio encoding. On the basis of AC3, AAC improves from many aspects. (However) Current players and hardware are still very limited for this upcoming audio format.
Authentication certification
Before a movie is played, the player and the disc must establish a security communication method that can communicate with the true movie information in one another. Before building this method, on the other hand, they also need to guarantee legitimate "audiences" - this can be accomplished via several key key exchanges, verification and other methods.
AC3
AC3 (full name AUDIO CODING3 Audio Coding 3) is a synonym of Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital is an advanced audio compression technology that can be encoded with a single bit rate of up to 448 kbps. For more information, please refer to Dolby Website.
ASF
The general format corresponding to the ADVANCED Streaming Format, Microsoft and Real Media's streaming.
AVI
Audio video is interlaced with each other and use the most wide video format in a personal computer under the Windows operating system. It illustrates how video and audio are interposed with each other without explicitly specifying an encoding / decoder.
BUP file
The BUP file is a backup of the IFO file. These files generally appear on the DVD disc.
Cell (ID)
A Cell is the smallest video unit on a DVD. It is often used to store a chapter, or a chapter can be stored, or a smaller unit, such as multi-perspective or branch plot information.
CODEC codec
The encoding / decoder is a software, typically used to encode audio or video into a specific format, or the media encoded with this particular format again. The popular encoding / decoders are: MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG-4, INDEO, etc. AVI, ASF, etc. are just a format rather than encoding / decoders - they can be encoded in different CODEC.
Dar
DAR indicates that the length width is displayed, which represents the size of the screen. Most computer screens are 4: 3, which means (screen) horizontal size is 4/3 of the vertical size. For TV screens, traditional 4: 3 imaging methods are a lot, but now 16: 9 imaging is more and more, well known, 16: 9 imaging mode is more than 4 in the same diagonal length. : 3 The imaging method exhibits a wider view. The screen of the 16: 9 is more suitable for expressing Hollywood movies, these films (the aspect ratio of the image) is usually 1: 2.35 or 1: 1.85 (meaning the image lateral dimension is 1.85 times the longitudinal size).
Deinterlace
Restoring the interlaced video stream to Progressive's process called deinterlacing.
Demultiplexing anti-multiplexing
In contrast to multiplexes, in the reverse multiplexing process, a combined audio / video stream will be divided into several streams constituting it (a video stream, at least one audio stream, and one navigation stream). Each VOB encoder reuses the VOB file before the encoding (fast MPEG encoding, MPEG encoding to AVI, DVD encoding to MPG, second MPEG2 encoding), and the DVD player also does the same thing (audio and video Will be processed in different processes in a personal computer or by different decoder decoding).
Descrambling
DVD is typically encrypted by a CSS (algorithm) - Imagine that you are numbered each alphabet, such as 1 to represent A. One sentence will become a set of numbers, this is what we said, of course, CSS is much better than this, but it is not difficult to crack. Decrypting the process of retrofitting in reverse sequence, re-turning our numbers into a sentence, or replay our movie. You can try to copy a movie into your hard drive after your DVD drive is authorized, you will get a chaotic image because it (data) is still encrypted. The general CSS decryptors will use a bunch of known unspecifications (such as Decss or DoDSRIP, which contain a lot of key but nature not all) or try to use algorithm attack (cracked) mocks (why why The reason for the role of most discs is because it does not rely on the disc.). Digital Video Digital Video
Digital video is generally compressed because the storage of uncompressed movies will occupy a very considerable number of bytes - thousands of g bytes (measuring with numbers are ten twelfth square bytes). Because general lossless compression is impossible for video (storage), the video / decoder has to remove unimportant information - some people can't read or unlikely. Since the use of key modern compression algorithms is still insufficient, it saves space with keyframes, I and p frame (I and p frames).
Divx
Old days, don't let Circuit City '98 have now been exposed to the Divx (Digital Video Express Digital Video Experience) system. There are now two different tastes Divx: DivX;) is the name of the Microsoft MPEG4 encoding / decoder (Window Media Video V3) that has been cracked. These CODECs are Microsoft developed for his window media architecture. It can initially be used to decode AVI and ASF format, but all non-test versions have been added to AVI locks, making it unable to use AVI coding and currently Only very few tools support the ASF format. What DivX's creators are to remove AVI locks, they can be reused for AVI coding. The reason for replacing the name to DivX is to avoid confusion with many CODEC, so simultaneous use of cracks on the same computer and did not crack Windows Media Encoder is possible. The latest version of DivX also includes a crack window audio media encoding / decoder called DIVX audio. Because its crack is not very perfect, use it to perform high yard ratio encoding will be restricted. This CODEC is also known as Divx3.
Another DIVX is a new MPEG-4 video encoding / decoder developed by DivXNetworks. It provides more advanced encoding control and secondary encoding. Better, he can also play old Divx; -) (Divx3) movies. This CODEC is generally referred to as Divx4.
Divx
DivX basically removes all of the additional features of DVD: there is something, production group, trailer, multi-language, Circuit City with a big pile of Hollywood greedy lawyers full of screen-filled movies to fully control the control movie to end users. And the control can be obtained when movies at home. DivX is paid, and can play DivX's DVD player must be connected to your phone line. When you play DivX, the player will be registered via the phone through the phone and pay for your credit card. Below is a view of the overhead of a movie: $ 4.50 for 48-hour movie viewing period; $ 2.50 for external viewing time. DivX services have been authorized for one year because of authorization (Warner, Sony, Xinshun, and all other small packages directly provide authorization !!) and mainly from the Internet DVD site The evil ratio is terminated. The newspaper and TV news have been seriously reported later.
Because DivX uses triple DES encryption so it is not afraid of key attacks, very safe. Unless you can crack it, you can't RIP these discs. In other words, your Divx disc will never be mainstream. DRC
Dynamic Range Compression. The AC3 track contains a greater dynamic range than the dynamic range capable of handling most audio devices, so most DVD players and DVD playback software are compressed to some extent by actual dynamic range. It is to use non-professional terms that the volume will be increased during a certain period. For example, the noise will not become more large, but the general conversation volume will increase. Because your player will do this, this is a method of increasing the volume.
Field
Interlaced Video Street is included in the field rather than frames.
Fourcc
Fourcc represents a four-character code, is a four-character code that is independently launched a video data stream format. Video playback software will play a specific video stream by querying the Fourcc code and looking for video decoders associated with the FourCC code. For example: Div3 = Divx low-motion, div4 = divx fast-motion, divx = divx4.
Formats Used for DVD Conversion DVD Conversion Format
VCD: Video CD, you can play on many DVD players, and there are corresponding playback software under almost every operating system. Playing this disc does not require a very fast computer, but the image quality and VHS are almost. Its video is 1150kbit / s MPEG1, audio is 224kbit / s MPEG1 Audio Layer 2. SVCD: Super Video CD, in Asian countries. The video section uses MPEG2 to reach the image quality of LD, while providing high quality surround sound. In addition, it can also be used with the advantages of hardware decoders, and there are also playback software on many systems. However, only a few small DVD players manufactured in Asia can play SVCD, do not sell this player in Europe and the United States, you can only look at your computer. Video uses MPEG2 for 2600kbit / s, audio uses 224kbit / s MPEG1 Audio Layer 2. Although MPEG2 multi-channel audio can be used, it can only be encoded on Linux, and because of the support of this format, it is difficult to say that most of the players can play this 5.1 channel MPEG2 track. At the same time, this kind of disk can provide a menu. MINIDVD: It can be said to be a DVD stored on the CD, the code rate is up to 10Mbit / s (including video and audio). The video section uses MPEG2, VBR, and the audio portion can be MPEG1 Audio Layer 2, RAW UNCOMPRESSED PCM or AC3. If you are willing to accept the restrictions of playback, the video quality can be the same as DVD. You can also create a DVD menu. The disadvantage is that the MiniDVD can only play on the PC, and you need to upgrade the player on the Affrey LD 2060 to get the ability to play the MiniDVD. DivX / MPEG4: Different the resolution and code rate you choose, the video quality can be near DVD from below VHS. You can choose many audio formats. You can make very like Divx CD: Multi-language, subtitles, menu, although the workload is large. Although there is currently no player, you can play DivX, but all operating systems can be played, including Mac, Linux, Beos, and of course Windows. However, there are also a lot of strange problems, working properly on the slow machine, and jump on the fast machine and so on. But if he works on your machine, then it is of course your choice.
Frame frame
The basic components of the movie. A frame represents an image. Movies usually play 24 frames in 1 second, so it has 24 different images in 1 second. Imagine images of 24 birds, in the first miles on the left side of the figure, then it gradually moves. On the 24th frame of birds, the birds are already on the top right side of the image. Imagine these 24 images played in order at a speed enough, then the human eye seems to be like this bird flew away from the left side of the screen. I and p frames I frame and p frame
The current frame (frame) only describes its difference from the previous frame (although the description is not very accurate but believes that it is not difficult to understand. For example, we have an image with a bird with cloud sky, which is a keyframe. Then we can use I frame to describe this: move the bird to the left and below.
IDCT & WAVELET IDCT and wavelet
The video information in the MPEG file is stored in the frequency domain rather than the spatial domain (that is, the image we see). Information is compressed in this way to reduce the amount of information propagated in the channel. MPEG converts the information of the spatial domain to the frequency domain by discrete cosine transform DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). When extracting the spatial domain from the MPEG stream, we need to use the anti-extraisons cosine transform (IDCT) to cancel the discrete cosine transformation during the encoding.
DCT and IDCT are actually a discrete Fourier transform (DFT), but we get a plurality through DFT, and the result of DCT / IDCT transform is integer. We can find more detailed related information in university textbooks in DSP, communication systems. Wavelet is a base space. Wavelets can have infinite types (such as Daubechies, Haar, Mexican Hat, "SPLINE", Zebra, etc.), but the main characteristics of small-wavelens are localized. Fourier function spans the entire space (from negative infinity to the right endless), and the wavelet is actually different locations, pulse waves on different scales.
The data after compression is divided into two parts. Generally, more than 90% of data passes through the low pass filter, and the high-pass filter will filter out of the detail data of the value (of course, if the information source noise is large). For images, the maximum value of using this method is the localization of the group, so we can use wavelets to simulate the like of these discontinuous portions. After using Wavelet, there will be no more strange JPEG aura.
IFO file
Information files typically exist in DVD. These files contain information for DVD player navigation. If you want to know more, please pay attention to DVD Structure Article.
Interlaced interlaced
Interlaced (interlaced) is a video storage mode A staggered video stream does not contain a frame but some fields, each field contains half of the number of rows (all ODD or all Even). For more information on video storage modes and interlaacing, you can refer to Video Basics.
Interleaving interlaced
Imagine a combination of audio and video in a specific point, is the interlaced we say. The player recognizes the staggered point to make sure that audio and video are played in the entire movie.
Interpretation in more detail: Suppose we have 10 seconds of videos and 10 seconds of audio pieces. Each second video is expressed in V, audio is represented, then if your interleave is set to 10 seconds, the file on disk will be the form of Vvvvvvvvaaaaaaaaaa. If the interlaced is set to 1 second here, it will be: vavavavavavavavavavava.
Inverse telecine
Reverse engineering of Telecine. This process reduces 29.97 FPS to the original 24fps.
KeyFrame Key Frame
A complete frame, but this frame is compressed as much as possible.
M1V / M2V
These two terms are expanded as the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video data (just video, no audio).
MPEG
MPEG means a Motion Picture Expert Group, typically it is a source of video format. This expert group explains the standard (or specification) of digital video, including MPEG1 standard (VCD), MPEG2 standard (for DVD, SVCD), MPEG4 standard, and several audio standards include MP3 and AAC. Videos using MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 standards are usually in .mpg or .mpeg as the extension. MPEG4
MPEG4 is a series of standards (or specifications) identified by MPEG Group (MPEG Group), which will become the next standard for digital video (mainly for video telephones, streaming media on the Internet, and more). MPEG4 allows multiple coding methods to be used, such as one keyframe, can use ICT or wavelet to obtain different output quality.
MPG
MPG can be seen as an abbreviation of MPEG, or as an extension of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video data.
Mm4
Multiple MPEG 4: The combination of different bit rate coded files. For example, you can combine 2000kbit / s and 910kbit / s encoded files, using a lower bit rate, replacement files due to the part of 2000kbit / s too much The screen that causes a serious distortion. This can also be a combination of two DivX codes: you can combine low Motion and high motion files (you can also use different bit rates).
MultiPass Encoding Multi-channel Coding
Before you read: Currently, the real multi-channel encoding exists only in WM8 and MPEG-2 (SCVD, and MINIDVD). The M4C is not a real multi-channel code (reading the M4C guide to find what it is and how to work). An encoding that supports multi-channel will analyze the video stream to be encoded in the first path and record anything it encounter. Suppose we have a small piece starting with a dialog scene, which has little shear and the camera remains stationary. Then it becomes a karate fight, which has a lot of fast shear and movements (people flying in the sky, kicking, punching, etc.). About the same bit rate is obtained per second in the normal CBR encoding (it is difficult to keep 100% of the CBR but that is the branches), but the encoding will be encoded in the multi-channel VBR mode to use the corresponding bit rate according to the information of the video stream. This is to say that the dialog is part of a sufficient bit rate and the fighting part receives a higher bit rate. The more bit the bits of the passage, the more meticulous. The encoding in single pass VBR must only determine how much bits used in accordance with the knowledge of what it encoded in front.
Multiplexing multiplexing
Usually video and audio are separately encoded. Then you have to join them so that you can play movies (you can certainly play audio and video in two players, but synchronization will become quite difficult). The audio and video tracks are combined into an audio / video stream in multiplexing. The audio and video streams appear to be interleaved together and add navigation information to keep the player to keep AV synchronization in fast forward / quick-retraction sampling.
Normalizing standardization
Standardization includes finding a capacity peak of a track, then increasing the remainder of the track to the same level. This is usually done at the WAV level, that is, all variables are integrated therefore not as accurate to DRC. Therefore, DRC is more loved in standardization.
OGM
OGM represents the OGG media, which is the addition of Tobias Waldvogel to Ogg Container. OGM can be seen as another avi container, which can contain Ogg Vorbis, MP3, AC3 audio, various video formats, paragraph information, and subtitles. .
PGC
PGC represents Program Chain. It is a term that is often used in DVD, basically a simultaneous playback. For example, the main part of the movie has its own PGC, each trailer on the DVD usually has its own PGC. When you play the discs, the studio flags that appear when you have your own PGC, etc. Smartripper's movie mode and the IFO mode of DVD Decrypter will show you all PFCs on a DVD. To get further information about PGC, see the MPucoder's DVD Information Site website. Progressive progressive scan
Also opposed to interlaced. A video stream that includes full frames is considered to be a progressive scan. The knowledgeable / interlaced knowledge is detailed in Video Basics.
Quantizer quantization factor
To really understand this term, you have to learn the course of signal processing. It represents a compressed factor in the tympan terms. The more images are compressed, the more images are compressed (so high quantization factors means low image quality and small space, which means high image quality and occupied space).
RFF / TFF tag
RFF represents the Repeat First Frame, which is a technique used to convert 29.97 frames required to convert a source of 24 frames per second. Movies encoded with RFF markers telling the player repeating. TFF represents the first-top field and is used to implement Telecine to make 24FPs movies to 29.97fps. You can get more information about film conversion to video in the articles of Robshot.
Ripping
There are many chaos in this regard. Basically ripping means copying the DVD movie to your hard drive. This includes the authentication process of the DVD drive (try to copy the next file from the DVD, you will see a message: If your drive has not been authenticated, then this operation is unsupported) and the real CSS Decoding the decos (DESCRAMBLING) process. CSS (Contentated Scrambling System Data Interference System) is a copy of the anti-copy scheme designed to prevent unauthorized copy of the DVD movie. Although many people argue that it is also designed to control where DVD movies can play, because there is no CSS license I want to play the DVD movie, you have to encrypt CRACK in effect - I very agreed to this. This word is often used (even at this site) to describe the entire process of decoding DVD and then converting audio and video to another - less - format.
SBC
Smart Bitrate Control Intelligence Bit Rate Control. A new DIVX encoder called NANDUB can dynamically modify many internal parameters during the compression process, give you better quality and more coding control. For more information, see the SBC Guide in the Divx Guide section.
Streamlist stream directory
The flow directory is an ASCII test file including the path name and your VOB file name, a line of files. Here is a small example: E: /VIDEO_TS/VTS_01_1.vobe: /video_ts/vts_01_2.vobe: /VODEO_TS/VTS_01_3.Vobe: /Video_TS/VTS_01_4.vobe: /VIDEO_TS/VTS_01_5.vob
Save this file as streamlist.txt or streamlist.lst. Make sure you have an unformatted ASCII text, I suggest you edit your stream with your notepad because Notepad does not store another format. MPEG2AVI requires the extension of the stream directory to be LST, however you can freely choose any extension when using the stream directory in other programs. However, the GUI is restricted by selecting the input file name / extension, so if the stream directory does not appear in the file selection dialog, you must rename your stream directory.
TELECINE
Convert 24FPS sources into 29.97FPS or 29.97X2 interlaced fields per second. This article explains how this is working. VBR
Variation rate. Both the audio and videos are coded in VBR mode, and the rate in the entire file will not be fixed (just like fixing in the CBR), the more complex part of video / audio will use higher The code rate is achieved to achieve better view / auditory feel, while the other part gains less code rate.
VKI
Variable key frame interval. Its basic means that insertion of fixed intervals such as a typical Divx codec in a place that requires a key frame. There are two ways to implement VKI: the first method is to unwind the compressed frame, re-encode it with the original comparison, and re-coding if the quality difference is higher than one set limit. This coding method is only applicable to a specific program: M4C. There is a command-based version and a plug-in that can be used for Avium (the latter has a detailed introduction in the Avium Wizard). If there is too much that the limit value is set, you will finally get a number of keyframes and the second method, which is mainly inserted into a keyframe when the scene is changed. In order to achieve this coding program or the encoded decoder detects which location has a so-called "CUT" (as used as a movie producer), the first frame of the new scene is a keyframe. This can be implemented by using MPEG2AVIAR (part of Avirevolution), M4C or by installing the Divx VKI codec. If you use the latter, you don't have to worry about the encoder. Each program that can make DivX encoding can make the file with keyframes in the scene change. When VKI is reasonably used (only for the first method), you can help you increase or decrease the number of keyframes, thus get higher quality, because especially in low bit rate, too many keyframes will Bring worse quality.
VM2
Abbreviation for VKI MM4 VBR MP3.
VOB ID
The VOB ID is used to return Cell within a PGC in the DVD.
VOB Files
All DVD movies are stored in the VOB file. VOB files typically contain video of Dolby Digital Audio and MPEG2 format mixed together. The VOB file is named in the following form: VTS_XX_Y.VOB, the XX representative title Y represents a part of this title. There can be 99 titles and 10 parts, although VTS_XX_0.vob never includes any video, usually just a menu or navigation information. There are two ways to find which file contains the body of the movie:
Method 1: Play a movie with a DVD player, then observe the state window of the stand-alone indicator or software player; method 2: The body of the movie is the maximum number of numbers in the digital continuous VOB file. For example, VTS_05_1.vob; VTS_05_2.vob ... VTS_05_8.vob (I never saw a movie containing 9 part files, but that doesn't mean not exist).
VTS
VTS is the abbreviation of the video title set, that is, a series of VOB files and the corresponding IFO and BUP file collection. For example, VTS2 will contain VTS_02_0.vob (including menus), VTS_02_1.vob, VTS_02_2. VOB, etc., and files such as VTS_02_0.Ifo and VTS_02_0.Bup. VTS is used to classify the video material and its subsidiaries. For example, a VTS is usually used for main movies (while sometimes including trades and certain movie companies), other VTSs are used for tidbits.
Windows Media
Microsoft Copyright Personal Audio and Video System. It is based on a series of encodings that are used by WindowsMedia Player to play any format files they support. The latest version of WindowsMedia Player is a 7.0 version. WindowsMedia 7.0 provides a series of available New coding, including a fully compatible ISO MPEG4 encoding (named Windows Video V1), a modified MPEG-4 encoding called MS Video V7 (although I didn't find it and Divx-based MS Windows Video V3 has any improvements), this encoding supports DeinterLacing and Inverse Telecine. XCD
Extended CD is an upcoming (can be translated as a next generation? It feels less suitable) CD format, this format allows you to burn your CD in a second form of MODE2, basically means it contains less The check code so that you can store more data on a single CD. XCD allows you to store 800MB of data in a normal 700MB CD. As I said, XCD is not very reliable because only less check code is, it is recommended that you only put data (for example, OGM) in the Container in this CD. For more details, please refer to the XCD Guide.
XVID
XVID is a text game. Tell it to read it, you will see a familiar word. XVID is an open source MPEG-4 encoder that you can get better than the best DivX codec. The home page of XVID can be found here.
