"Li Mingzhong Creative French"
(Song) Li Wei
Li Ying, the word Middle, Guancheng (now Henan Zhengzhou) people are born in the bureaucratic family. The birth year is unknown, striving to the four years of the Northern Song Dynasty (1110) February. In the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1092), he entered the supervisor of the supervisor until the past two years before. Li Shi's officialdom career, in seventeen years will be monitored, from the bottom officer to the general person who will supervise the supervisor, contribute to the main energy.
Original time: Northern Song Dynasty Second Years (1103)
Related background information: "Li Mingzhong Creative French" was born in 1103 AD. At that time, Song Huizong Zhao Wei personally enacted the script, approve the book of this book. The book not only summarizes the traditional Chinese architecture since Handang, but also lists 13 species of stone carving, woodcut, color painting, and a total of one hundred and seventy-six projects, and operational essentials. In the past, the ancient technology books, most of the text, the pattern often, and in the "Li Mingzhong Creative French", there is a large number of precious illustrations, which can be very intuitive, which can see the architectural style at the time; not only In this way, this book has also proposed a model of a set of wooden architectural architectural design methods until some of its theories are still a valuable information on ancient Chinese architecture and rules and regulations. Even at the time, "Li Mingzhong Creating French" is also the most advanced class of the world on the wood structure. "Creating French" is a heavy magic in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty is also used in the construction project, which can be called the authority of the ancient architecture industry.
The book is the most famous architecture monograph in the ancient my country, which is a landmark literature in the construction technology of the Song Dynasty. 36 volumes, 355, a total of 3555, 3272 of 3,272 is the actual experience of craftsmen. The book is divided into five parts: name, system, power, material, pattern, almost included construction projects and all aspects related to the building, for the specific construction operations in the construction process such as stone, woody, carving , Routine, bamboo, mud, color painting, etc. have meticulous systems. In addition, there are some noun explanations in architects, as well as specifications for the standards of common data and computing power standards, is an important work for studying ancient Chinese architecture and ancient buildings, and still have important practical reference value.
Known remarks:
The second printed in 1925 (for the line in printing, there are eight originals, 24.5 cm wide, 33.5 cm long, the first volume of the book to the fourth volume is divided into the release, the system, the power and materials, etc. It mainly includes engineering regulations of various types of construction such as large wood, small wood, stone, carving, and color painting. The fifth volume to the eighth volume is the pattern. The sample part is attached to a large number of color illustrations)
Fang Zhi Publishing House, October 2003 (Copy Edition)
"Creating French" is a building classification in Chongning Second year (1103), which is a special book from the official to the country. The contents of the book consists of four parts:
In the first part, the historical materials for the Northern Song Dynasties in the historical technology in the historical technology in the historical technology, and compiled two volumes of "total release".
The second part is based on different types of work in the construction industry, prepared as a technical specification and operational procedures, ie, "various system systems". These include: large woodworking system, that is, system of building structural technology, construction practices; small woodworking system, systematic system for fine woodworking and construction of buildings, windows, rains, cabinets, etc. The system, that is, the use of stone components of the building and the processing system, the subject matter and technique of stone carving; the mining system, that is, the system of the house foundation and the construction of the city, wall, measurement, and the color painting system, that is, the relevant The format of the building draws the format of the color draw, the system of the pigment and operation method; the carving system, the system of the subject matter, techniques, etc. of wood carving; the regulation of the rotation system, the specifications and processes of the rotary workers used in the building The system of the technology; the sawing system, that is, the rules related to the cutting of wood materials and the system of saving wood; the system of the bamboo is system, the system of the use of bamboo products and the system of processing technology; the system, that is, the specifications of the wattage Use the system; the brick system, that is, the specifications of bricks and use systems; the mud production system, the system, the system, the kiln system, that is, the technique of burning bricks. The third part, summarizes the number of applications and materials for various types, and a total of 10 volumes.
The fourth part, combined with each system to draw a hundred and ninety-three, a total of six volumes.
"Creating French" is produced in the historical background of Wang Anshi change, the purpose is to strengthen the management of the official construction industry, in Shaosheng four years (1097), Li Yutu.
Li Yun was completed in the three years (1100 years), and Chongning Second year (1103) was approved by the emperor.
Text section and graphical part of "Building French"
"Creating French" is comprehensive and accurately reflected China's scientific and technical level and management experience in the end of the 11th century, the whole construction industry. It not only shows people the technology, science, art style of the Northern Song Dynasty, but also reflects the situation in the social production relationship, construction industry labor portfolio, productivity level. Its compilation tenet and the completion process have the following features:
The first point, "refers to the old chapter, the auditor" is the foundation basis. The so-called "referred to the old chapter" refers to the historical materials related to civil buildings in the classical literature. Li Yun has found two hundred and eighty, accounting for eight% in the French book. "Jiji Zhi" refers to the craftsman survey of Li Quan to all industries, collecting the experience of each industry, and organizing it, summarizing the technical system and management system of various industries. This is a total of 3,000 B772, accounting for 92% in the book.
The second point, with the standardization of the building, formation into a guideline for editing each system. For example, for the structural member, the material member is used to control the ratio of the control member during the renovation of the door and window. For bricks, the components of the watts are made to form a series of sets of types that match the main structure. For colorful paintings, engraving and other artistic types, it summarizes and organizes the popular model, style, and points out the characteristics and variation law.
Third, draw a large number of engineering patterns to explain the system. "Creating French" with six volumes of space, draws the first architectural drawing of China's history. The contents of the pattern include: a plane, facade, cross-sectional view, in the book, a quadrature picture, a side-like view; a structural map, such as a set of group archograms, such as Beams, columns and even a arch, a dumping pattern; door, window, railing big picture; Buddha, Tibetan view; color painting and engraving pattern; measurement instrument map.
The drawing method of the pattern has a positive projection, and there is an approximate axial side. It makes many lost technologies, and it is not possible to understand the construction of the Song Dynasty, and read the "Creative French". Key. Li Chen:
Li Shi, the word Mzhong, the Northern Song Dynasty Zhengzhou Guancheng County (now Xinzheng County, Henan Province). The birth year is unknown, died in the four years of Song Huizong (AD 1110), about 40 years old. He is born in a bureaucrat family, and his father Li Nangong once made a book. Song Shen Zong Yuanfeng eight years (AD 1085), Li Yun Renguan Banko News, then Chenzhou Jiyin (now Heze County, Shandong Province) County From the seven years of Zhe Zong Yuanyou (AD), it will be awarded for the supervisor (the agency of the main civil construction project). It has reached the 13 years before and after, and it will serve the main book, supervision, and less supervisor will be monitored. Hold a large civil building engineering built a lot of famous gates, palaces, houses, temples. In addition to the supervisory of the Life, Li Chen is still in the state, and there is also a great achievement. In the four years of Shaosheng (AD 1097), the command was re-edited "Building French" (- the original "Yuanyou French", Zhe Zong Yuanyou completed six years (AD 1091), the monarch is three years (AD 1100) Completion, Huizong Chongning is awarded in Second year (AD 1103). The emergence of "building French" marks that ancient architectural technology in our country has developed to a new level. "Creating French" full book text 34 volumes, plus "see" (equivalent to "Editor's Description"), "Directory", a total of 36 volumes. There are three hundred and fifty seventeen, 3,555, including two volumes of the two volumes of the name, and the remaining three hundred and eighth, three thousand two hundred and seventy-two are from The actual experience of craftsmen, these entries account for 90% of the book. It can be said that "Building French" is a summary of valuable experience in ancient working people in our country. "Creating a French" system is rigorous, rich in content is a encyclopedia of the construction science and technology. Books almost included all aspects related to the construction projects and buildings. It systematically, theoretically, theoretical manual for the architectural experience of the former conserve, is an indispensable manual for construction projects. "Creating French" can be divided by content (a volume, two volumes), system (three volumes to five volumes), power (six volumes to two five volumes), material case (two six volumes to 28 Volumes), the pattern (two nine volumes to three or four volumes). Among them, "Building a French" uses a large space (thirteen volumes) to list the system of various projects, including 寨, stone, large wood, small wood, carving, routine, saw, bamboo, tile Make, muddy, color painting, brick, and kiln, a total of 13 of the 1376 projects, and basic operational essentials, similar to modern construction engineering standards. This part highlights the excellence of ancient architectural workers in our country and the high level of skills of our ancient buildings. It is especially worthy to pay attention to the book in the book. "Creating French" stipulates that all design and construction of homes must be based on "materials". "Material" has eight grades, which can be used according to the type and scale of the house. my country's ancient technology books, multiple text, very few patterns.
