This article strives to grasp the activities of the 100-year education. I can't see it.
His courage is a bit big. It is said that the wrong emotion is also dislike.
But I read this article felt the open vision, especially for these three photos.
Education Centennial: A bunch of idealists
2004-12-29 15:07:39 Source: 21st Century Economic Report
Wang Guowei Information Picture Cai Yuanpei Information Picture Tao Xingzhi Information Picture
"Why do you want new education experiments? Some people say that this is an idealist's Utopian experiment. I have never want to deny such a title, and I insist that a person who is not ideal cannot go far, a country that is not ideal It may be far away, an unimatisible education is not much. "At the Nantong Tao Xingzhi Research Association 2004 year, in the face of hundreds of educators from Jiangsu, Zhu Yongxin, I can't remember this. It was the first few speeches in the past three years. For this middle-aged, the National Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the title of Suzhou City, the enthusiasm for education is all the reasons for his sacrificed rest time. Let him come out from the book, and the body has established more than 300 new education experiment schools in the country. It is his appeal in "What is the lack of Chinese education": China's education lack, lack of talents, missing, missing education Concept, lack of service awareness, lack of human awareness, lack, most important thing is the shortage! He is as optimistic as all the ideals, however, if he is not the deputy mayor of Suzhou, he may have to suffer the same embarrassment. In front of him, there is a series of brilliant names --- Wang Guowei, Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Liang Shi, Tao Xingzhi, Yan Yang, under the beginning of these names, seems to engrave a line of inscriptions: Idealist's 100-year loneliness. It seems to be a fate. After a hundred years of modern education, it seems to stand in its original starting point. We don't know how far is the idealist Zhu Yongxin. Wang Guowei: "Moral Education is the Breeding"
From 1877 to 1927, Wang Guowei's 50 years in the world is exactly the most chaotic era in modern China. Ah War, Wuxu Revolution, the Revolution of 1911, Yuan Shikai restored, warlord melee, and the two parties of the country, the three thousand years of unsuccessful change giving the late Qing Dynasty in the late Qingre intellectuals with a great family crisis and cultural crisis. The weakness of the country and the sleep of the soul make them look for a strong road. In 1905, the Qing Genuo, who ruled the shakes and descendants, or the Confucian culture that supported this huge empire system in the following year, the Confucian culture that supported this huge empire is facing the serious crisis of foreign civilized impact. The old faith of Chinese traditional intellectuals relies on the old beliefs and authority of the life of the West. Historians Chen Xudite said: "The content of the most positive and great social impact in the late Qing Dynasty in the late Qing Dynasty" is pushing education reform. "At that time, the" 卯 学 "" 学 理 "in its main institutional framework is to draw from Japan. In mid-August 1903, Wang Guo Wei, who was influenced by Japan's education concept, published the "Thesis of Education", and proposes his own educational concept, "makes people become a full person." His standard is a human ability, and it is true, good, and beautiful. He advocated education to be divided into intelligence, moral education, aesthetic education, and sports. This kind of educational concept later by Cai Yuanpei developed into a "complete personality", China is still a lonely sound. After the war, the war is very weak, and the first order of education is the "Teacher's Technical Man" to make people in the country. Wang Guowei proposed that "moral education" is clearly transcending that era, even now. A featuring the Zhang Zhidong, which is the minister of the school department, "After the discipline of the discipline of the University of Literature University", he puts forward sharply criticized the reform plan for Zhang Zhidong on the course of the discipline and the University of Literature. Said: "Where is the fundamental mistake?" He advocated the merger of the discipline and the literary department, divided into subject, science, history, Chinese literary department, foreign literary department, each department A philosophical course is set up. But Wang Guowei's sorrow is that he is not happy. Chinese traditional practical knowledge is always serving their moral concept, and knowledge is never independent. This strong and conscious utilitarianism makes China's cultures with a morality spirit and persistence of life desires, lack of criticism of reality. Including the Kang Liang at the time, it is a habit to regard academics as a tutorial, and the international students compete for the academic run. In his era, academic independence can only be sigh in wind. Under this value concept, his ideals that "make people become complete" and "personality independence" look more like self-speaking. However, he influence Cai Yuanpei. Cai Yuanpei: Personality independence and education independence
In January 1917, Cai Yuanpei entered the North University. This is China on the eve of May, as if it is broken, there are countless thoughts and strengths in the most strong darkness, and the latent flow. The previous Peking University, full of utilitarian black smokers, students don't like serious full-time teachers, "For the administrative judicial bureaucratic, special welcoming ... Because there are teachers and students, you can quench". Cai Yuanpei, which is deeply influenced by the German Education Master's Thought, and proposes to build Northern University as an educational institution that is independent as Berlin University and pursues free. Huggburg opposed the fundamental function of employment into university education, and believed that university was "institutions for research on various disciplines." Cai Yuanpei pursues the soul of college education - "compatible into the package", special proposing its own independence and personality, trying With this concept, the traditional education model of "learning and excellent" is subversive, in Peking University, he got some success. Decadentary later, the Northern Millennium alumni in the past said that it was the most distant time of Peking University. However, in the voids of the new and old regimes, they use ideals and personality to support Northern Big "and and different" spiritual atmospheres, they will be lonely, and even his friends Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu has not all understood his education claims. This is a fight against the idealists of the wind. When the "extreme Sweequency" education is high, Cai Yuanpei's "moral education" is just over the voyele cloud. In order to achieve the ideal, Cai Yuanpei's series reform, communication literature and art department of Peking University, implement an optional system, professor, etc., although the temporary prosperity, it is not avoided in the end, it is unavoidable to fall into reality. In 1928, Cai Yuanpei waited for another opportunity. In order to achieve its own education independently of political parties and churches, cultivate independence personality, he has served as the highest academic education administrative organ - the dean of the University Institute, in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, etc. This is an Utopian architecture - a number of university districts in the country, with a university, all educational and academic research, composed of university education, is hosted. This tried to be an experiment that is independent of politics, and it will not be able to declare a year. Chen Pingyuan
Professor pointed out that "the Northern Expedition is successful, the Kuomintang unified China," is beginning to implement 'party education ", and the education community has undergone fundamental changes. The effectiveness of the teaching school has been severely challenged. Free expression of political space is also in jealousy. Hu Shi, who does not know the time, continue to talk about human rights', 'criticize the party countries', have been severely warned by the government, almost resolved by the body Cai Yuanpei is a bigger, the status is also higher, but it can not take the madness. "Cai Yuanpei, who wore, in Hong Kong Island. After he left, the Chinese Political Bureau changed the magical frequency, and Cai Yuanpei insisted that the Western liberalism represented by Western liberalism, rapidly being replaced by emerging social thoughts. "Complete personality", "Educational Independence" ideals, finally only ideals, written in the yellow-yellow historical page, staring alone after decades of light, louderly. Tao Xingzhi: "Sociality School, Life Education"
If there is no Dewei, will there be Tao Xingzhi? Tao Xingzhi in Western humanitarian thought influence, change Dewey's "school, society, society", "school, society, society", "society, learning", and add a sentence in the back: " Teaching is one. "This is around 1925, Tao Xingzhi 34 years old. He and his colleague, Professor, Southeast University, made Cheng Baoyu put forward the advocation of China's modernization with education. At that time, the "Education and Saving the Country" of the micro-demonstration is said to be "long-distance and unrealistic" by many people. And Zhang Pengchun pointed out in an article, "Education and save the country may be slow, but it is not unrealistic. Education development is the most basic and real system of China's modernization. In order to save the life, the so-called 'active revolution , 'Zhenxing Industrial', 'Finishing Finance', etc., it is not fundamental. Education and save the country are in the finest microere, pay attention to the underlying cultivation, what is permanent construction, non-temporary destruction, future, expectation The biggest. "This is the direction of Tao Xiangzhi's" big education "view - education is a national salvation, social transformation fulfillment, is the only way to become a modern country. China's educational thinking should break through the scope of narrow education, and should start from the perspective of "big education". He is awake, and the value of people is the ultimate and core value of society. However, in China's thousands of years of traditional civilization and value system, a human behavior of a human life, this distorted value system not only makes lifemark, causing human alienation, but also makes the country lose inner vitality I ended to the weak. And the country of life is often a strong country. China's revitalization only has only transforming the traditional value system, enhancing the status of life in social concepts, and in the end, it is "people-oriented". This is another cave that Ling Yue in the era. Surrries are always fluttering in the wind, with everything, and below, all things. Tao Xingzhi determined to wake up the people, using civilian education as "Chinese education to find the dawn", he believes that the fundamental problem of China's education transformation is in the countryside, advocates "going to the folks", and wish to raise 1 million yuan fund, collect 1 million colleagues Advocate 1 million schools and transform 1 million rural areas. This is a great wish with a small start. In 1927, Tao Xingzhi founded Xiaozhuang Normal University in Nanjing to practice his life education and promoted China's rural education movement. This is a public education in public, and most of them are farmers. After Xiazhuang College, it is a teacher of Xianghu. Then there is also its disciples from Huai'an Primary School, Huai'an, Jiangsu. Xiaozhuang College was closed by Chiang Yuxiang's war in 1930, and Tao Xingzhi was forced to be in the Japanese. In 1935, the "National Defense Education Program" is also criticized at the time, accused Tao Xingzhi or "The theory of experimentalism", the idea of behavior, Duwei's education "is an outdated routine. Not only that, a left-handed literati's systematic 檄文 in the "Life Education" in early 1940 believes that real life education is realized, only in the system of no human exploitation, ignoring the political revolutionary task of overthrowing the exploitation system To talk about life education, it is undoubtedly inverted. Historical strange circle
In early 1950, after the revolution in the political and economic system, the Chinese society has begun to conduct a strong critique and thorough transformation of the old education system in the past 50 years. A series of reforms in the 50s in the education system include, learning and transplanting the Soviet education model, incorporating education into the planned economic system. Education achieves national controls, private schools and church schools are banned, and private and private schools are basically unacceptable. In the 1950s, in the 1960s, Mao | Ze | East's critical attitude of traditional education is fierce, not compromised, but with violent destructive means, it is not easy to use more modern ideas, culture and organization. The resources achieve higher historical starting point, which is not different from education. Some people pointed out that Chinese cultural thinking in the 20th century is actually a process of continuous radical changes: from Kang and Liang began to deny traditional culture, but still retains its old forms, and the denial of the Revolution of 1911 turns the Kang Liang into the emperor; advocating Western freedom The five-four cultures of theorem have denied the improvementism, but they were subversion of socialist thinking of Suoxu; and the new people's programs were surrendered soon, and the socialist construction was not completely on the road, and the big leap forward began again. " The top of the entry into communism. The negation of this negative denies denies the confusion of the Chinese History of Education. The radical transformation is trying to rebuild the modern civilization with "unrefilling", but he does not know how to stand "break". Perhaps, "Unreasonable" or "standing and then broken" is a choice of unspeakable, but in this century, short-sighted and urgent work have become mainstream, so after a magnificent movement, left is full of creative and atmospheric. Educational distortion of utilitarian society
