China introduces CMM assessment, promoting software industry development Beijing Software Industry Association (this article reprinted from Software Engineering Expert Network www.21cmm.com)
I. The meaning of cmm and the effect of CMM (software capability maturity model: Capability Maturity Model for Software) is a Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie University, USA (SEI: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE) and In the United States, a software assessment criterion promoted throughout the world is mainly used for the assessment and improvement of software development process and software development capabilities. The CMM software assessment criteria developed from the theory and practice of modern quality management since 1930. In 1986, the University of Carnegun Menlong was sponsored by the federal government to establish a Software Engineering Institute (SEI). In 1991, SEI interviewed more than 100 software companies, developed CMM 1.0, and launched a version 1.1 in 1993. CMM puts the maturity of the software development process from low to high, that is, initial grade, repeatable, defined level, managed stage, and optimization level. With the improvement of the CMM level, the risk of software development is gradually reduced, and the development time is shortened, and the cost of human labor development is reduced, and the incidence of disastrous mistakes is reduced, and the quality is improved. The improvement of the CMM assessment level will greatly improve software development capabilities, which help customers build confidence in the software companies, and order software products to the software companies. my country's software should significantly improve the development capabilities, go to the world, must be close to the internationally recognized software assessment standard. At present, the software export of Beijing accounts for two-thirds of the national software exports, and the US software market accounts for about two-thirds of the world software market. How is these two two-thirds? That is, however, how can Beijing's software industry will open up the US market, one of the key is to obtain a pass of CMM certification. Indian software companies provide us with a precedent for us through CMM certification. Second, the experience in the United States, Europe and India has shown that CMM can promote the development of software industry. CMM is now 10-15% of software customers in the United States, such as Boeing, Lockheed, etc., they generally require software suppliers to evaluate higher levels of CMM. 2. CMM also introduced CMM evaluation in addition to independent research and practice of software maturity in Europe, many countries in Europe. The famous British Reuters is one of them, and the group passed the CMM 2 assessment in 1998 and plans to pass the 3-level assessment this year. In the CMM assessment, all employees including managers have been trained, and 64 full-time staff engaged in CMM assessment. 3. CMM Infosys in India is a large software company with approximately 4,500 employees, has been evaluated by CMM 5 in 1999. Before 1991, the company's software development did not implement standards, and software development levels only depends on developers' personal efforts and advanced supervisors to future forecasts. With the expansion of software development, the company decision makers realized that the software specifications must be implemented in the company, and in 1992, ISO 9001 standards were adopted in 1993. Since 1993, CMM evaluation has been raised from level 1 to level 5. A large increased software development capabilities, ensuring high growth to the United States and European software exports, and now provides applications for many of the top 500 companies in the "Wealth" magazine. Infosys' CMM expert K.Dinesh, in the forum, I posetted with personal experiences after the above situation: CMM is a good software standard, can give software companies, but CMM can implement success, depending on Human efforts. In implementing CMM, employees should change their original habits, everyone must develop their own goals. The software quality is determined by the person technology process.
Three factors are as important as one of the three legs of a table. India's QAI is a company engaged in services and software development, actively participating in the CMM assessment, and now India is the only company specializing in CMM assessment, and is the first CMM assessment qualification for Asia. QAI's business manager V. Manghani introduced the overall level of the Indian software industry through CMM evaluation in the forum. India's software output value increased from $ 50 million in 1998-1999 to $ 4 billion in 1998-1999 to maintain an annual growth rate of more than 50%. At present, there are about 1,000 software companies in India, 280,000 universal personnel, second only to the United States. There are more than 200 companies in the top 500 companies in "Wealth" magazine are customers in Indian software companies. The reasons why India have achieved good results in software development: software development costs, good English ability, high technology level, and the education system guarantees top talents to participate in software development, software staff are treated high, employees have good faithful, good Quality management method, etc. Many software companies in India have improved software process in 10 years. They realized that only one framework cannot provide good products, and the main use of mixed standards, mainly: ISO9001, CMM, P-CMM (personal software development maturity model) ), Overall quality management, etc. There are more than 100 software companies in India adopted ISO9001 argument, and more and more companies have recognized the CMM evaluation criteria. Third, how is my country to introduce CMM assessment in accordance with national conditions. CMM is a more complex process, more expensive evaluation CMM evaluation includes 5 levels, a total of 18 key process areas, 52 goals, more than 300 key practices. Each CMM grade assessment cycle (from preparation to completion) is 12-30 months. Each level of assessment is conducted by the leaders of the company's software engineering research institute authorized by the University of Carnegun University, and most of its members come from the interior of the enterprise. The assessment process includes employee training (high-level leadership of the enterprise), the questionnaire fill in and statistics, document review, data analysis, and the high-level leadership discussions and writing evaluation reports. The assessment is signed by the head of the evaluation. It is necessary to obtain the eligibility of the teacher's evaluation, first of all more than 10 years of software development experience; secondly to receive training in the Software Engineering Research Institute of Carnegun University, the training costs, the training costs are about tens of thousands of dollars per person, Americans double; the third should have two or more CMM assessment of the whole process internship; fourth should be recommended by those who have qualified as an existing assessor. The eligibility of the director's evaluation is not a lifetime system, and if you want to keep it, you should at least participate in two CMM evaluation each year. At present, there are only 313 director assessment teachers in the world, most in the United States, and my country's mainland has not yet an officer. Since my country is hired in the CMM assessment to hire foreign director evaluator, the cost is higher. It is estimated that the cost is taken through the ISO9001 certification through a level of CMM. 2. ISO9001 and CMM The International Standardization ISO9000 Series Quality Assurance System is used for manufacturing is ISO9001 (ISO9000-3 in software industry), and CMM can be used as a software enterprise process improvement framework, the former is the contract environment, Standing on the user's position to control the quality elements, while the latter is gradually improved on the internal process capacity of the software organization. ISO9001 is strong with CMM, ISO9001 does not cover CMM, and CMM does not completely cover ISO9000. In general, companies certified by ISO 9001 can reach CMM 2 or slightly, and can be easily passed by ISO 9001 by cmm 3, as long as they are tarased. Roughly said that ISO 9001 approximately CMM "2.5". The ISO 9001 has about 80% of files can be used for CMM 2 assessment.
