Source: Oriental Eastern
Most of the domestic software companies are currently in the primary stage of CMM, no foundation and experience. Although the main idea of CMM is clear, the standard regulations are also clear, but how to achieve this standard is relatively poor. Therefore, many companies often feel confused during the implementation of CMM, I don't know where to start. This article discusses the steps that the software enterprise implementation CMM or through the CMM assessment must be experienced, and it is desirable to play a role of tile jade. When software companies actually implement CMM, they can be applied according to their own actual conditions and specific requirements.
Improve ideological understanding
The implementation of CMM in China, from the whole, in the infancy, many software companies have more understanding ISO9000, and there are more ISO9000 certifications. Relatively speaking, there is not much CMM. Software companies with a certain scale, very interesting to CMM and expressed great attention, some companies are actively implementing CMM, but formally implement CMM needs to increase investment in manpower and funding, and the general software SMEs have certain difficult.
According to global software sales digital analysis, the market size of software and information services in the next few years will have a huge development. However, a large country such as China, software sales still does not reach 0.5% of the world market. In addition to a few more than 500 people, my country's software companies is more than 500 people under 50 people, collective and personal software companies. It is still quite backward in development technology and standardization procedures, and most companies are still produced by hand workshops, and the products lack market competitiveness. Therefore, software process management has become a key issue in developing our software industry. The implementation of CMM plays a crucial role in the development of software companies. The CMM process itself is a complete and accurate description of the development history of software enterprises. Enterprises can better standardize software production and management processes to make companies Organize standardization. Moreover, only products and companies in the international market have long competitive and vitality. Since CMM has been widely recognized by international companies and users, CMM must be implemented in software enterprises.
CMM training and consultation work
Any software company wants to implement an advanced management measures, the first thing to do is the construction of the theoretical basis, as a CMM of a process management method, is also no exception.
According to the requirements of the CMM model, the development of a project must have a chapter to follow, and there must be chapters must be followed, and these two points are inseparable from the training. There are two main aspects of the training, first, the most basic software engineering and CMM training knowledge, including managers, including managers; second, training of relevant personnel of various working groups provides training; During each development process, it is necessary to train ordinary staff in software processes.
There are many ways to train, first, consulting relevant professional training consulting agencies. These training companies play a leading role for the introduction of CMM knowledge. They come from various contexts, there are national research institutes, relevant associations, universities, original ISO9000 consulting companies, newly founded CMM consulting companies, implemented CMM companies, etc. But these training consulting companies are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, especially Beijing. Therefore, it also hopes that other provinces and cities, especially those who are approved as "national software base" should increase their efforts to support relevant consulting and training institutions. Second, use Internet resources for consultation and training. You can sign up for the system learning of the system of CMM network schools. Third, hire the CMM expert to enter the company's implementation of the CMM implementation. Enterprises can gradually master CMM's essentials and implementation processes during the guidance process. It is worth noting that the first phase of the company must hire an experienced CMM expert, but I must cultivate my own experts in the future, not only saving expenses, but also makes the company yourself have a deep understanding of CMM, and have practical experience. Experts, lay a good foundation for the future continued upgrade of the company. Determine reasonable goals
CMM model is divided into 5 levels, with a total of 18 key processes, 52 goals, more than 300 key practices. Each CMM grade evaluation cycle (from preparation to completion) is about 12-30 months. Whether a software company's software process is in what level, you can find your own location in the 5 levels of the CMM frame. It is then targeted to take measures to be adapted to the level of you, so that the company can incorporate the evolutionary stage of CMM, so that software process management has improved soon.
Therefore, to implement CMM, you should first have an accurate assessment of the current status of the company. The company is currently in what level, what is the issue of enterprise development, what is the purpose of CMM to achieve. Then select the CMM's entry point to select the overall goal in combination with the actual situation of the company. This goal includes how long it needs to be invested in more than a long time, which level is needed. Under the premise of the overall goal, we must also develop a recent goals and long-term goals.
Established working group
In response to the implementation of CMM, special CMM should be established to implement a leading group or specialized institution. The leadership must truly understand the importance of understanding software process management and improvement, personally leaders and participate, to ensure process management personnel equipped with processes, talents, organizational capabilities, and software development capabilities.
During the implementation of CMM, the establishment of the working group is a key step in CMM. There are several important organizations that are essential, including software engineering process groups, software engineering groups, system engineering groups, system testing groups, demand management groups, software project plan groups, software project tracking and supervision, software configuration management Group, software quality assurance group, training group.
in CMM's implementation of organizations must be perfected, but it is not equal to that every institution must be independent. Some organizations have been appropriately merged, and members can count their jobs. However, the organization must be very careful when the key practice is required. For example, the independence of the software quality assurance group must be considered, otherwise the deviation in the technical or mechanism will affect the correctness of software processes, project quality, and risk decisions.
Here is what you need to mention here, that is, physical groups and logical groups. There are two organizations in CMM, a physical organization, which is objective, such as project group, technical department, etc., there are many full-time staff; another named logic organization, that is, its personnel can be part-time, Many logical groups can only be one or two people. Formulate and improve software process
The CMM model emphasizes the improvement of the software process. If the company still does not have a software process in the form of a document, the primary task is to analyze, organize and document the current workflow, thereby developing a software process with the business style. And use this document to guide the development of software projects. If the software process has been has a software process, the internal assessment is to be an internal assessment, and the requirements of the CMM, find out the problem, and then supplement this process. In the specific implementation process, a project group or project with a representative and perfectness can be selected for pilot, tracking, supervising the implementation of the improved software process, and performing the state of improvement activities.
At the same time, members of the process team should also maintain databases in the process, regularly count the products and scale, development cycle, number of evaluation cycles during each process. These databases can be used to analyze the efficiency of the project and the problems that exist, so that further improvements in the future, but also provide consultation for project development truth from facts.
Summary these project groups or prior experience before the project, from it plans a software process with practical significance, and evaluates this process according to the CMM specification, identifying the advantages and disadvantages. Improvement to the CMM requirements, make it a perfect implementation of CMM software process solution; then apply this software process to the currently undertaking or willing to undertake on projects, further discovery in actual use Insufficient and wrong, improve, and finally promote the results of the pilot to the entire enterprise.
Internal review
Due to our country, our country should hire a foreign director to evaluate, and the cost is higher. It is estimated that the cost is taken through ISO9000 certification through a level of CMM. Therefore, it is recommended that software companies will conduct internal review or assessment before conducting formal assessments. This internal review includes two layers of meaning. The first one is that the software company organizes its own internal members, strict, and strictly follow the CMM specification assessment process, reviewing their software processes, identifying the shortcomings and improvements. The second meaning is in the country, and the relevant software engineering and CMM experts form a special "internal review" organization, responsible for guiding the implementation of CMM activities, promoting the in-depth development of activities, and conducts "Pre-domestic software enterprise CMM evaluation" Evaluation. This pre-assessment reduces the risks of software companies through formal CMM assessment, reducing software enterprises to implement CMM costs, and finally obtaining the foundation for the company to obtain international CMM certification.
Official assessment
There are currently two CMM-based evaluation methods, one is CBA-SCE (CMM-BASED Appraisal For Software Capability Estimation), which is based on CMM's ability to assess the software capabilities of the organization. The organization's software capabilities are evaluated. The other is CBA-IPI (CMM-Based Appraisal For Internal Process Improvement), it is based on CMM's evaluation of internal process improvement. It is a group inside the organization to evaluate software organization itself to improve quality, and All, the purpose is to guide the organization's continuous improvement. Both assessments were taken by CMU / SEI authorized director, with reference to the CMM framework, and the documentation / documentation that is being used and in the future is reviewed and interviewed by different organizational employees. The SEC and IPI two evaluation results should be consistent, all of the information on the evaluation results will be reported to CMU / SI.
In response to the needs of the enterprise implementation of CMM, it mainly tells the evaluation method of CBA-IPI, so that the company is an internal review to improve the software process. The evaluation of CBA-IPI consists of several parties: assessment group, company managers, specific project executives, and director evaluator. Among them, the assessment team is composed of experienced software professionals, but also through the training of CMM and CBA assessment, so that they can understand how to associate CMM models and key practices and organizations. The CBA evaluation process is mainly divided into two phases: preparation stage and evaluation phase. The preparation phase includes group staff training, planning, and other necessary assessment preparations. In the first few days of the assessment, the main task of the team member is to collect data, answer SEI's CMM questioning, document review, and conversation, have a comprehensive understanding of the application in the organization. Then perform data analysis. The evaluator should organize the record and verify all the information observed, and then compare the data with the CMM model and finally give an evaluation report. In each assessment report, it must be directed to each of the critical processes of the CMM, which is pointed out in which the software process has been effectively executed, where it has not been effectively implemented. This assessment report is only valid in the case of all assessment personnel. Improve software process based on the assessment results
According to the ideal model, maturity evaluation is only one of the software process improvements. If this link is not well combined with other links improved by the software process, then the CMM assessment should have the effect of software process improvement. Not playing.
Generally, the software process improvement plan should be made soon after the assessment, because everyone still has a deep understanding of the assessment results and existing problems. Planning a software process improvement is a very necessary stage, only effective plans can ensure that the software process has been effectively improved.
CBA evaluation method The ability to measure software companies is a very effective means that the assessment is itself a very solid foundation, which is the basis for developing software process improvement programs. CBA assessing objectively pointed out the problems in the process of enterprise software, helping companies discover the shortcomings of software processes, fully pointing out the prospects of software process improvement.
Conclude
