First, summary
This article mainly wants to analyze the comprehensive analysis of my company's computer system integration project management, from a few aspects of the project manager need to pay attention to it, hoping to help some friends of the IT world, at the same time, throwing bricks and jade, I hope all the colleagues Can give us valuable suggestions and help.
Second, the characteristics of computer system integration
1. Typical multidisciplinary cooperation: Make computer system integration requires a variety of disciplines, such as monitoring systems, requires computer, sensor, radio frequency identification technology, power electronic technology, etc., and, for example, GPS systems, require geographic information technology, electronic Technology, wireless radio frequency technology, etc.
2, creativity: users of almost every computer integrated system will have different characteristics and different needs, which causes each computer system integration project to be in exactly the same project, which needs to be tailored, so that There are some non-standard issues, and each project can bring more or less new ideas.
3, the quality uncontrollable factor increases: Some pure work can be completed as long as there is a hard-configured computer, and the computer system integration system has a large part of the work (including software programming) to be completed on site, this must be engineered The work management quality of the site is also incorporated into the quality management of the entire computer integration system.
4, the uncontrollability of the construction period: Since the progress of software engineering is itself a non-limiting line growth, the computer integration system project also needs to do many resource procurement, equipped with pre-preparation, causing computer integration system engineering construction difficulties .
Third, many aspects involving project management in computer integration systems
Material management, overall management, time management, quality management, document management, customer relationship management, technical management
1, material management
Material management is a problem with many project managers. In fact, the saying goes: the soldier and horses have not moved, the grain is in advance, and now many companies' material management has been carried out by MRPII. But at the scene, because the computer system integrated material is very much, it is generally unable to manage the computer, and each material of the project directly affects the smooth implementation of the system, this requires the project manager to give certain attention to the material management on site. It must reach the following: correct, timely, and is responsible.
To do it correctly, timely, on-site material management must be recorded, that is, the bill is recorded, the tether has recorded, which is recorded, which is actually a documentation in material management.
2, overall management
Overall management links each different aspect, so it is considered to be the most important project management knowledge. The main energy of the project manager should be placed on the overall management of the project.
Overall management mainly includes: project plan development, project plan implementation and overall change control, with project execution time is clues.
Project plans include: project introduction or overall overview, project organization, management and technical processes involved in projects, and information on project tasks, progress arrangements and budgets.
Overall change control includes: Change Control Board, Configuration Management, and Change Communication Process.
Since the project usually involves various departments within the enterprise, the support of senior management is a key element of the success of the project.
3, range management
Project management is a series of processes set to successfully complete the project to ensure that projects include all required work. The main process is: project launch, range plan, range definition, range verification, range change control.
The method of choosing the project is mainly: paying attention to the overall needs of the organization, classify the IT project, performing financial analysis, and uses the weighted scoring model.
Net present value analysis is a financial analysis tool for project selection. The net present value is a positive project is a good project, the higher the net present value, the better the project. Other important financial indicators have project ROI and project investment recovery.
The project charter is a formally acknowledgment project exists. It must be signed by the primary projects to represent the consistent consent of the demand and project content.
The scope manual is generated by the scope planning process, including: project argumentation, project product briefing, summary of all projects deliverable, and the main influencing factors of project success. Work Decomposition Structure (WBS) is an important output of a range definition process. It is a result-oriented analysis method for analyzing the work involved in the project, and all of these work constitutes the entire range of projects. WBS provides the basis for project progress, cost, and management planning and management. The main ways to formulate WBS are: the use of guidelines, the ratio method, from the upper to the next method and from the bottom to upper method.
The scope verification refers to the formal recognition of the project officer.
Range Change Control refers to a change in the scope of the project.
4, time management
Project Time Management is often quoted as the main root of project conflicts. Most IT projects exceed time estimates.
The main process involved in time management is: activity definition, activity sorting, activity time-time estimation, progress plan development, progress control.
Activity definition involves determining a specific activity that must be made to generate project deliberations, which usually helps create a more detailed WBS and support details.
The activity sorting determines the dependencies between activities. There are three reasons for generating dependencies: first, based on working nature, the relationship between activities is mandatory; second, the experience of the project team is arbitrary; third, based on non-project activities The relationship is external. In order to apply critical path analysis, activities must be sorted. The project network diagram is the preferred method of displaying the order of activity.
Activity is estimated to estimate the time spent on the completion of activities. These times include actual operating time plus intermittent time. Gantti is used to display project schedules. Tracking the Gantt chart reflects the actual progress plan information of the plan. Key path method is used to predict the total number of projects. Current and fast follow-up is two technologies that shorten the progress. PERT is a network analysis technology that estimates a large-scale network analysis technique when estimating the estimation of a single active estimate, but now there is very few people. In addition, the project manager can also use some project management software.
Pay attention to the following points in the progress plan development:
1 Computer system integration has more factors that have more factors, and require plan to fail to be unchanged, and continue to adjust with specific circumstances.
2 Develop a plan to participate in various departments, because computer system integration requires a variety of disciplines, may not understand other people's work, which requires key people to participate in the plan.
3 Project Progress must have a joint understanding and master of the entire project team, requiring a work to work.
5, cost management
Cost management is a traditional weak link in the IT project. IT operators must increase the attention of cost management. Cost management includes: resource planning, cost estimation, budget, cost control.
There are several types of cost estimates: magnitude estimation, budget estimation, ultimately estimate. Each estimation type is used for different phases of the project lifecycle, and has different precision. Establishment of cost estimates with four basic tools and technologies: ratio estimation method, self-discipline, parameter model estimation method, computer China tool. The main part of the cost estimation includes the target narrative, scope, assumption, cost gain analysis, cash flow analysis, budget decomposition or detailed basis.
Cost control includes changes related to cost implementation, review, and notification to the projectana people. The earning value analysis is the main method for measuring the purity of the project, it integrates the scope, cost, planning schedule. 6, quality management
Project quality management includes quality plan preparation, quality assurance and quality control. Quality Program Compilation confirms the quality standards related to the project and how to meet them. Quality assurance includes assessing all project entertainment to ensure that the project will meet the relevant quality standards. Quality control includes monitoring specific work projects to ensure they comply with quality standards and confirm the improvement of all quality methods.
Most of the work in computer system integration projects are completed on site, so the quality control of field operations is very important.
A. Development of quality standards
The form is fixed, and the standard will be used. If the standard is not reached, it is necessary to rework. Now the integration of various systems is endless, but the quality standard has not been clear or lack of operability, which is also a reason why the system integration is more. B. Field Job Quality Management Live Job Management should have a clear procedure and quality assurance system. The construction of procedures and quality assurance systems should be carried out in the work standard of ISO9000.
According to the engineering implementation process, establish a quality assurance system, check the engineering process, track the quality assurance system operation process and analysis of adverse engineering, formulate corresponding measures and systems, clear quality inspection and rectify responsible people, and make the quality of the project In the closed loop control state.
If you can't understand the essence of ISO9000, at least you should understand the following:
Every step should be checked, and each work should be responsible for rectification.
C. Safety management
Here, safety management is also incorporated into quality management, requiring the "Safety Specification", and strictly requires the implementation of the requirements in accordance with the safety regulations, and the site is required to be responsible for construction safety.
7, human resource management
The human resources in the computer system integration project should refer to all items, rather than just project team members or members of a company in implementing project projects. The management of human resources in this project includes two aspects of management of internal personnel and management of customer relationships.
1) Management of internal personnel
Psychological factors affecting how people work and how to work are, including incentives, influence, power and efficiency. The management of internal personnel mainly includes: organization planning, personnel acquisition and team development. Organization plan is compiled, which is identified, assigned, and archived for project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships. RAM is a key tool for defining roles and responsibilities.
The resource load shows the number of individual resources required for existing schedules in a particular period of time. Resource histogram is often used to represent resource loads, and can also be used to identify resource loads.
Resource Balance is a tool for resolving resource conflicts. The balanced resources can reduce management work, reduce costs, reduce people and accounting issues, and can improve morale.
Team collaboration helps people work more effectively to achieve project objectives. Excellent project managers should use more attention to team development.
2) Customer relationship management
Customer Relationship Management is part of CS (customer satisfaction) management, system integration requires user demand-oriented, and the management of customer relationships is also tight around it.
System integration itself is a system engineering, it is not like a specific product, such as a refrigerator, if the customer bought a refrigerator, he can only use several features in the refrigerator manual, but these functions are popular, this customer has some specific Special needs cannot be met. However, the system set achievements are different. First of all, we must know the needs of our customers, and agree and implement it with the customer's needs.
Pay attention to customer relationship management:
1 What is the true demand for customers?
2 What is an important part of customer demand, which is the second part of customer needs?
3 work communication with customers, realize the needs of customers, and give a reasonable interpretation of the needs of customers' exceeding system functions.
4 Well-behaving the customer's training with the criteria of the customer's interoperability system.
5 understand the customer's decision chain and make system acceptance work.
8, document management
Develop document templates according to ISO9000 and organize implementation, documentation is the trace of the process, and document management should be made: timely, true, compliance with standards.
Timely - refers to the application of documentation to make timely, archive should be timely.
Real - refers to the data in the document must be true and effective.
Compliance - refers to the format of the document and fill in the specifications.
9, technical management
Due to the characteristics of computer system integration, system integration has many non-standard issues on site. Each discipline must coordinate cooperation to produce best results. Therefore, technical management of system integration is very important. The project manager not only knows how to manage knowledge, but also knows the knowledge of various disciplines. Pay attention to the cooperation of each link, pay attention to the following points in technical management. 1. Pay attention to the application of each discipline in the project. Multi-disciplinary cooperation often has a solution to solve the problem of traditional technology.
2. Pay attention to the role of technical documents, requiring technical documentation to be timely, specific, understand, especially some non-standard work, and detail in detail in order to review and improve in future reviews.
3. The management of the technical staff of the project team is different from the construction personnel. Technicians often only care about their own technology, and unwilling to interfere with the various coordination in the project. They should have a environment suitable for their work, and should respect and timely Commend their scientific research results, it should be clear and positive in the project.
Project management is an art, not to take a project management method to apply it well. Because there is no such thing in this world. Project manager, from a certain sense, everyone will do, nor mystery. This is better than saying that you have to do something. At this time, you will have a plan in your mind. You will take time, funds, source and related officers and the risk factors that may arise throughout the process (of course Your personal thing in life will not be so exaggerated, but the related models of these concepts will appear in your brain, but you don't realize it), this is also a project management. So everyone has more or less natural project management. The key is that the project you control is small, you can easily and complicate, you can seize the most important thing in the project.
references:
ISBN7-111-O9543-X / F.1167 (US) Kathy Schwarbe IT project management. Wang Jinyu Duan Dynasty. Machinery Industry Press Tomson Learning Publishing Group 2001.12
