"Journal of Xiamen University (Zhe Social Edition)" 1997 No. 2, PP.99 ~ 105, the author provides special information on the website
Abstract From Qin and Han Township Tingli to the village of Sui and Tang Dynasties, it is a major change in the Chinese local administrative system. Wuhu will be universally promoted by the Central Plains and docking wall and disintegrate China's social tatrans. The rise of the dock wall causes the new Haoqiang door political pattern, resulting in rural organizations to absorb transformations of state regimes, and is the evolution process of central centralism to strengthen the political decline of door valve, showing in-depth development of the inner unity in the initial countries.
Key words docking village Wei Jin Sui Tang door valve politics
I. The production of dock and its basic feature Qin and Han Dynasties, townships, pavilions, are both the government's grassroots administrative organization, and the people's production and living unit, there are various city elements, and there is a public service prison. , Open and closing, charter, thieves. The unity of urban accommodation and administrative units is an important feature. In this regard, the scholar in the Qing Dynasty has already discussed it. [1] The era of turmoil, the township pavilion became the goal of the wealth and the population, often suffered from the soldiers. Therefore, the people in the city will lead to the mountains in the township, and they fleeted to the mountains, and they gathered with danger to self-defense, thus forming "dock walls." When Wang Hao, Fan Hong "and the family members made a self-defeating, the old family of the old, the old family"; [2] Feng Yu "gather the guests, Zhao Haojie, make a cockroach, to be returned"; [3] The fifth Tren gathered, "the clan is coming to attach it. Lun is the insurance solid building wall, there is a thief, and it will be strong, and it is strong to reject it. ...... Yin Fang Yong, Yin Fang, It's awkward, [4] It can be seen that the wall has appeared in the Wang Hao period, since then, every big war can be seen, such as Cao Cao's part of the Cao Cao and Xu Wei Dock wall. This is the characteristic of the times in the dam wall. The dock wall distribution is widely distributed, is not limited to the Central Plains or Han area. Maike "desperate northerly. Due to stay animal husbandry, guests are alone, hundreds of people"; [5] 邴 邴 "in Liaodong, hundreds of homes in the year, tourism The vocal professor is endless; [6] "Dunhuang is connected to the West area, the customs have made the old style, the village, and there are many temples." [7] Dock flooding, is the era of fivehurtes. Those people who are unsatisfactory are like a group of pursuit of the wild horses that are chasing the water. Under the rainy iron, the Zhongyuan traditional social organization falls with the fall of a city, and the Han people who have lost any protection is almost survive. The instinct, fled into the township of the battlefield, turning around. They set up an independent organization in the resurgence rate of the West, the residual, and their respective organizations, each for the war, and strive to self-insurance. "Yongjia's chaos, the people are exiled, the gathering" [8], the origin of the self-defense dock is spread all over China, which is the extensive distribution of dock walls in the region. The docking wall is not built for evading war, so most of the mountains are located away from the city of mountains. For example, Luo has flowed through the sand sand mountain, "there is a mountain four, there is a dock on the mountain, and the Tan Mountain"; a fixed dock, "City in Chuanbei, high 20 feet, south, north, north, Three boxes of the east, the innocence is close to the West, "In addition, as shown in Yun Side, Yunyuanwi, Yingshui Wuta, [9] Dock walls are generally built. "Coordinating", "Yongjia Four Years", Hu Shiyu Note Walk Road: "Small in the city, the world, the wins, the wins, the dock, the dock Lord ";" Han Han Shu · Liu Xuan Chuan "" Li Xian, "Zhu Hui", also said: "If you are gathering in the hometown, you will gather in the city of Guo Yuan," The case of the city is seen, [10] dock is a civilian volcanic autonomous organization from the national local administrative organization, from the township of Qin and Han to the wall of the dock in Wei, Jin, Southern Dynasties, and is actually a society A major evolution of the grassroots organization.
Second, the tissue morphology of the dock and the idea of the Community's concept can be known from the previous section. Most of the dock walls are the organization of self-defense. They are trying to be independent of the disorder disputes, looking forward to the new unified regime or their identity forces. The Group accepts absorption, that is, as the aforementioned Feng Shu Camp, "is paid to it", or the fifth Runshire is a. If there is no such situation, they can also maintain independence, "Wei Shu, Xue Queu" records, Xue Deirers Self-migration to Hedong Yin (now Southwest, Shanxi Province, Southwest, "from the grandfather to him three generations, The leaders of the leadership, "Maxi Tiger, Jian Jian, Chang Tao", is an example. Lin Lin's dock wall, very different. Dunhuang Stone Room This "Jinco" is recorded: "Yongjia chaotic, the Chinese and summer is broken, the fortune, the number is not profitable, but the four, five thousand home, the young family, five hundred", [11] There are hundreds to thousands, the size of the dam wall, is far away. However, through these surface differences, it is not difficult to find that its basic form is common. That is, the docking wall is generally the head collar with a prestigious big rush to the country, with its clan guests as the core, recruiting the mutual folks and Haojie together. The grassroots are mostly the ligmens of all parts, such as "Jin Shu Guo Mo Chuan" record: "Yongjia's chaos, the default is self-designed to the dock, with the fishery, the year of the year, the year, the bonus The people are getting more. Sparase, very happy. "Therefore, historical books are often known as their heads as" stern dock owners ". Obviously, the dock is in a stream of people, so it is a major feature of its organization. The lifeligan is also easy to scatter, and it is dependent on the relationship between interest. Therefore, his coach must be good and heroic, so he is happy. Moreover, since the dock is collected, the leader is generally taken by the founder, but still must be submitted to the expector. This situation has long appeared, and the top leadership "Terminal Chief" record: "The" Father ": 'Zhu Jun does not use the domain not Xiao, far away. Chengdu, and Mo Xiang, the way, I am willing to choose the Lord of the sage. 'All:' Good. 'Tongyu has been learned. "" Jin Shu · 庾衮 庾衮 "also records:" (庾衮) is a group of people and seek:' The three gentlemen and is in danger, will be respectful to the security, the whole wife is also. The ancients have a statement: "Thousands of people are not in one person, not silence. "If you are, '曰:' good. Who is the Lord of Today! '衮 衮 衮 有 有 间 有 言 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 衮Life is also. '"Because the ingredients of the dock are complex, there is a hero, that is, the so-called" two or three gentlemen ", so it is necessary to establish the legality of power by recommending the leader. Of course, this decentralization is not a general democracy, but is limited to between the Group's strength characters. However, dock owners must be raised, which is undoubtedly another feature of their organization. Dock the wall leader has a variety of different styles, for example: 1, dock master. "Jin Shu · Li Tumn Chuan" records: "Ben Liu Yuanhai attack Pingyang, the people rushed, the torque is loved by the township, it is pushing to the dock master, Dong Tunyang, after moving new Zheng." 2, the main master. " "Jin Shu · Zu Yu Chuan" records: "And the capital of the capital, the rate of the people, the people who avoid the Huaihuai, horses the old people with their own, hiped, and the drug clothes and the public, Morning is slightly, it is to push as the leader. "3, the long, see the fifth ectarian case."
In these leaders, there is no shortage bureaucrats that have not launched the old regime, but because they are generated by internal demonstrations in the dam wall, their power is not from the official experience, but it is the control of the Township and Lifong people. That is to say, the collapse of the West Jin government and the family of the world, giving the lower-level high-level performance opportunities. Let them get up, and the words will happen. The National Decree invalid with the governments, so the station will now make a set of internal rules, unify the four-way lifeligans, and make it a strong organization that is united, and fights and cultivated. This internal rule is similar to the township. For example, the fields "is a binding to kill, theft, the law, the legal person is dead, the next arrival, more than 20, and produced a ritual of marriage, pledge the school's teaching industry, class bank The public, all the people, do not pick up the legacy. Beid you have served our Weixin "; 庾衮" is anaten: 'No danger, no chaos, no radical, no housing, no coward Planting, no non-definition, no confrontation, lighter, the same space is distress. "Salty from it. So Jun, Du Trumpet, Xihu Dock, Tree Help, Employment, Jade, Among the labor, there is no, the equipment is ready, the strength is either, the material should be ought, so that the long, in the middle, the body is inherent. The fraction is true, the number is not two, the upper and lower courtesy, less There will be a wealth, will rescue the evil. "This establishment is in poor assistance, there is no in principle, and the school and other public facilities, showing a strong community concept. There is a grassroots organization in the dam wall, and the sage is optional, and the order is well. The harsh environment, forced the innerness of the dock wall, the relationship between the dock owner, not only on the basis, but also there is a certain mutually dependent ones. If the field of the field, Wei Shiwu pills, Cao Cao wants to use the official to remember their work, but the Wildings affected death, "Since the beginning is a place, the public is escaping, the Zhizhi is not easy, and it is profitable. "The main family in the dock is the dock, the dock people are the son, with the symbol of the servant, and the Lord is sacred, thereby producing many groups or place names named by many races. Thus, the reality relationship and the conclusion of the common body concept also covered the veil of the simulated blood relationship between the same surname. If the world is chaos and social darkness, the personal life and justice have to rely on private armed shelter, the external should be, then, as the political situation is relatively stable, the national functions are increasingly played, but the wall The main function is also changed by armed self-defense into daily production activities, the situation in the worm wall or strong big monopoly Township is able to maintain it for a long time, there is its own inner cause. "Jin Shu · Su Jun Chuan" records: "Jun is playing thousands of houses, homing in the county. When he arrived in Haojie, the most stronger. Sending director Xu Wei Xuan Yu, show Wanghua, The bones are buried, and it is far from being awarded the meaning of the energetic. "Su Jun was surrounded by the most powerful factors, in addition to the strength of strength, but also to implement" Wanghua ", so that" far and nearly feelings "two points . "Wanghua" is also the principle of Confucianism. "Song Shu · Wang Yu Chuan" said: "The same surname of the north and soaps, it is the flesh, there is far from the investors, it is not to bond, if you don't, think it is empty, not for the township." Northern is the same. This is even more such in the relationship between the dam.
In the foregoing case, 庾衮 rate has its peer and prostitute to protect the mountains, with a long, Liha Xian, a minor, Li Xian, a dock, so that the wall is covered in the relationship between the staple dock Next, the law is a strong group with "no non-morality, no unfair, unfair, lighter, and the harm". This is the specific application of Confucianism "Slim Strike Hijia to Governing the Space". Therefore, in the case of social split into docking forest, it can be seen everywhere is the great strengthening of the relationship between the clan society and the personal reassurance. The relationship with the regular relationship is to reorganize the country society through the ideal of the Confucian community. "Take the people in the township" Sill the country with the villagers and the villagers "; [12] When the ancestors are in the south," In the ride, you will carry your own old people, you will be hike, the drug clothes and the public, and you will have a lot of power. "[13] 庾衮 in the wall" There is no ", make" the upper and lower courtesy, less than the instrument, will be beautiful, rescue the evil. "The important difference between the powerful bodies and the previous decadent world of the Times of the Wei, Jin, Southern the Northern Dynasties is that they are deeply rooted. In the countryside, living with the township people, through the implementation of some kinds of helmet, there is a "meaning" measures, causing the same as the same boat, life and death, and the concept of life, which has obtained its sincere belonging, laid the power of monopoly rural areas. Especially in the era of personal rights and social justice, the government's harsh government is very strong, and the farmers have driven a lot of giants into the giants, and strengthen the status of rural luxury. For example, Xiao Liang's Zhang Xiaoxiu "returned to Mountain, lived in Donglin Temple. There are hundreds of days, hundreds of pieces, the rate is to open the mountain, the far is far from the return, go to the city", [14] Form a halo and government to compete for laborers and control rural sites. The development process of the docking wall can be seen that the strong blessing can control the country, but also to implement some principles that reflect the concept of the Community. This actually contains criticism of society and the pursuit of ideal society, and the establishment of nutrients in the future society. Therefore, how to enhance certain principles of rural society to national rule ideology and their policy measures will be an important topic that must be resolved by the unified stability of new regimes.
Third, the door-to-door politics has caused the most profound influence caused by the turmoil of the Hutchison, which is not more than the royal family, but this catastrophe put a national society that hits the top of the top, hit a fragment, and disintegrates into one Mutual independent group, and Hu is a tribal social form has strengthened this trend, which is what we know the most important starting point in the Times of the Wei, Jin, Southern China, and is also one of the main causes of China's unprecedented long-term split. The wary of the docking wall and its heroic wisdom, which constitutes the basis of the temperature and door politics of the era of north and south. These dockers Hao Shuoxing sued under certain historical conditions, although there is a thousand links with the old era, even pretending to be old world, but can get a lot of confirmation. This kind of hometown of living in a country and firmly controlling the people is not a simple continuation of the ancient family, can't be mixed without screening. When the upper layer causes social failure to compete for political rights, the grassroots dock wall is also intertwined for their own interests and survival space, so that they can swallow each other, or form a league. The storm passed, the dust settled, under the landscape of each other, and the powerful docking wall was saved, the strong big ethnic ministries made the rural village, and the situation of the departure was also fixed. They have produced some regional groups represented by "Dozon", such as Zhang Ping in Hedong, "cross-have emerging, Yanmen, West River, Taiyuan, Shang Dynasty, Shangri-gun, more than three hundred , Hu, Jin 100,000 households, pay for the group, town, for the trend "; [15]" More than three thousand stings in Guanzhong Fort, promote the generals Feng Xiang Zhao Wei as the union, the phase rate alliance ". [16] The powerful big branch of the station armed forces, and its backpack is directly related to the stability of society and even political power. After Zhao Shiller poured all the storm, it can be omitted. However, as long as the split is not eliminated, the public functions of the state regime cannot be fully utilized, and the force of force is not impossed to the dock wall throughout the ground. What's more, the external forces are very difficult to control the dock wall. At the end of the West Jin, Wei should let the Ministry hit the Maz Du Yin and captured his ecternal. Wei should intend to visit, but because the dock does not have to travel away. After the Magiang surrendered to the Xiongnu Liu Wei, the dock also secretly returned to the Wei, and a total of Malays. [17] This example clearly shows that even if the foreign forces have passed force according to the dock wall, it is difficult to get the docking, and in the decision of the wary, the docking public opinion plays a leading role. Recognizing this, the national regime cannot be compromised with a strong big big country, and through them to control the country. The "Assiren Supervision" system implemented in the early days of the Northern Wei is produced in this context. "Tongxing · Township" said: "After the third day, the three long, only the main supervision, so people have a cold, fifty, 30, one member, is the shade. Shadow There is no duty, and the rush is convincing, and it is time to gather. "" The Lord "is a luxurious rural luxury, and many of them have changed. "Northern History Li Ling Chuan" records: "(Li) Yue Zuper is fascinating, heroes are well known, and thousands of people are in Yinzhou Xishan, and Li Yawangfang is five or sixty miles, and it is a generous master." Not only The central government should appoint a large number of strong budgets to consolidate the power, and local officials have to commit to the implementation of the row. When Lu Wei, Ren Xiangxi said, "There is a look at the old name in the state, with the friendship, the political matter, responsibilities to be slightly. So 10 people, the number is 'Ten". Jane'. More than 100 people, think of a false, attracting the diligence, giving clothes, ordering each other, for the eyes and ears. So the puzzles, no matter what, the people thought God, no donation.
"[18] It can be seen that the national regime of the Nort-South Dynasties is temporarily stable through cooperation with Qiang Zong Dynasty, and constitutes a new door political pattern. However, the factors of division are also buried, resulting in the incomplete state of state power. As for those It is a strong problem of the people of the state, but also the state of the state of the state, and there is a wind blowing. They will be willing again. "Guidong customs" said: "Wen Xuan's generation, the government is strict, the sheep, the probiotics, quite Migration. To Juyu, Hui Liu, Qinghe Zhang, Song, Songzhou Wang, Xiangyang Hou Nationality, such as this generation, one is close to all rooms, fireworks, and harbor. The first in the county, the jewel is in the county. The opposite of Hou Jing, Henan Hou's a few big suffers, there is Liu Yuanhai, the people of Shiller. All kinds of different types, different minds, if they meet, first for the chaos. "[19] Obviously, the Qiang Zongrican's monopoly has become a national unified madly. After a long time to fix it, the ventricular veil of the clan common body is unable to cover the fact that the exploitation of oppression. So, the state starts For the cultivation of political and economic development, the Northern Wei Xiaowen Di Dynasty is the three long system, so that the three long belongings is in the county, incorporating the national system, and gradually weaken their independence and political forces. At the same time, through the implementation The aquarium system, light thin, reflects the superiority of the national system, and uses economic means to change the people 's content of the people into the country's editor. This series strengthens the reform of state power, all follows the absorption and digestion within the system. The direction of the local forces is obviously based on the correct understanding of the social class. However, this process is interrupted by the "Six Town's Chaos". North Zhou Six Town Yongzhu Dynasty, the soldiers The most important social foundation is to get the full support of the Guanzhong and Hedong Dafu, the most important social foundation is to get the full support of the Guanzhong and Hedong Dafu. When Yu Wentai took the house, the soldiers were dissatisfied with two thousand, fortunately For the forerunner, it is the first to attack. In the future, the Guanzhong political power is a pillar of the local world. Yu Wentai can be avoided in a few lives in the high-rise, although the defeat can be removed, Hu San Province thought that "the two people intelligence It is sufficient to compare and not enough. "[20] In fact, the root cause is also in the Hedong spending of the Hedong support Yu Wentai, causing Gao Huan to be inseparable from Luoyang to Shaoguan, such as Longmen West Coast Hongnong Yang's old nest Yang's wall, Zhang's wall (now Henan The northwest of Yiyang County, China, etc., [21] is all the heavy town to fight the Gao Huan that, so that the Guanzhong is slightly safe. Later, Yu Wentai also further put the township and soldiers to the government army, not only established Strong armed forces, but also the Guan Zhonghao Qianggui is fully integrated into national institutions. The combination of North Zhou regime and local forces, and basically solves the ethnic issues of long-term troubles. In the previous incense, it has been visible. Zhang Ping has a national integration of "Hu and Jin 100,000". Then, this trend is constantly evolving. For example, Yu Wentai's hero Li Xian, Li Yuan and Li Musan brothers, claimed to come from陇 西 李. However, according to the record of Li Xian, you can know Li's freshman, pretend to be a Han family. [22] This kind of case is clear, enough to prove that the upper ruler is still troubled by national issues At the time, the grassroots level has begun the process of national integration. It is better to absorb local forces and overcome national contradictions in the North Zhou. This is also inherited by the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Fourth, the village system in Sui and Tang Dynasty With the gradual stability of the political situation, the main function of the docking self-defense is gradually evolved from the production of the day-to-day production, resulting in a new social grassroots organization - village. In this way, on the surface, China's local administrative organization has returned to the village of the national building unit through the hometown of Qin and Han Dynasties. Dr. Mikawa pointed out that [23] China Zhengli's village, the first view in "Three Kingdoms, Zheng Han Chuan": "Take the people in the county (Wei) county, bitter lack of wood, is the trees, and benefit the tree five Fruit. The fans are rich. In the county, the village is complete, the people will use the people. Ming Dynasty heard, the squad is called, the book is in the world. "That is, after the Han Wei war, the north has appeared in the north. A new village organization. Since then, the records of the village have a large number of historical records. Miyazaki City Ding did not even think that [24] The evolution of the village from the township pavilion is China 's transformation of the city's empire to the territorial empire, so that the urban and rural are fully separated, so that the ancient times into the middle, therefore has the meaning of the epoch. The above two doctors have also argued from the archeology of the text. In the earliest dictionary "Sewing,", there is no collection of village characters, indicating that there is no village in the village. The village word was evolved by the word "village", that is, the "" and expressing the "" of the Tuna, the original word of the village character is the Tunian, is evolved by the dock wall. Mr. Yan Min was questioned, [25] believed that 字 并 专 专 专 专 专 法 法 法. 法.. 专 专 专 专 专.. 义 义 义 义 义 义 义 义 义 法 义 义 义 义 义 义 义 义 法 法 义 法 义 义 法It is generally a single colony, and the gathering can contain several cases, so some cases are gathered in the location of the political institution. The ophthalmothesis can be supported from the literature of the South Dynasty. "Sixth Sixth, National Chengzhou City, the forty-third" "Guodu" contains: "" Good appearance "seventels: 'There is a city name, Nameless Village. '"" Good View "is the explanation of" four-way ", and the book is in Nanqi. The number is gathering, so there is a city, this situation has been accepted in the middle of the wall history. If the wall of the dock is divided into several 里, "pushes the long, pushing the sage", constitutes the grassroots tissue of the dock wall. The 里 here is not a hundred households in the Qin Han Township Ting Di system. The docking wall and its in the peace era, that is, transformed into the village. From this point of view, between the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the social grassroots organization did have changed significantly. In the direction of northernweight, local forces incorporating local forces into the national system, the Sui and Tang Dynasties are more affirmatively to the local administrative tissue. Although the order is unknown, Tang Kaiyuan order stipulates: "Hundreds of households, five miles are hometown. Two Beijing and state counties are divided into courts, outskirts are villages. In the village, there are positive, Inspector. The four are neighbors, five home is guaranteed. The length is long, with the forbidden approval ", [26]" In the field is the village, the village is located in the village, and the village is full of hundreds of people, the palm Zheng. Its village is like [no] full of ten, I will be in the village, I don't have to set up the village. "[27] It can be seen that the organization of Sui and Tang Dynasty exists in the city, and in the outskirts, the Ting Di has been a village Always. In this way, there is also a two-way administrative organization that divides and in accordance with the natural division of the village in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The phenomenon of this historical formation reflects the front of the Tang Dynasty. As mentioned earlier, there are thousands of docking walls in the Wei, Jin Dynasty, and hundreds of hundreds, such a huge organization cannot be simply transformed into the village, but the lower level organization in the dock wall (such as 庾衮 庾衮 所 所Seeing the)) This more natural production and living unit is transformed into the village.
Sui Dynasty "Village or Hundred Hundreds", [28] The Tang Dynasty, seems to be more common in the village of 100 households, so that only the village of 100 households can increase the village, even less than ten households. The size of the village, the size of the village became less. Moreover, the country has continuously strengthened the power penetration and control of the village by absorbing the original local self-reliance organizations, and it can be demonstrated that the "four adjacent, five other" neighboring protection systems can be used. Starting from the later stage of the North, local construction is converted to and saves. North Qiwen Xuan Emperor once in the province, 3 states, 153 counties, 589 counties, and Yan Wenyi will abolish the construction of the county, and the emperor will change the state. The reasons in the provincial state, such as "Hundreds of Rooms, Zhangzhou name, three households, empty-gun"; "There is no hundred miles, count counties, or less than thousands, two counties", [ 29] It can be seen that an important reason for the abuse of state is a compromise to the local high strength. Monopoly rural areas, the root of the power of the family, so the rectification of local systems is the political forces of the world. This is a long-term complex process, thinking that secondary peasant uprising can sweep the door roll politics, obviously unrealistic. Only in production trade prosperity, urban developed, imperial examination officials are generally implemented, and after a large number of moving people in the country, the door valve is really moving towards fading. The factors of these political economies do not have, the soil of the World's breeding has not changed, after the wildfire, the spring breeze is regenerated. Therefore, the decline of the political door of the door valve does not appear in the north and south, but should happen between Tang and Song. During this evolution, local administrative units are simply measured by the transition from Qin and Han Township through the dock wall to a complete village. The evolution of the village system from the township pavilion has an extremely profound impact. Wuhu will have a general rise of the Central Plains and dock wall, and the Chinese social tattoo has determined the deep and lasting, unprecedented after the split. The rise of the dock wall causes the political landscape of the new high-strength door valve. The resulting rural organization is a renovation of national regimes, and is a deep development in the inner unity. The changes in social grassroots organizations have undoubtedly have a profound impact on all aspects of the Chinese society. Another in-depth study. Originally published in the "Journal of Xiamen University (Zhe Society)", No. 2, 1997, PP.99 ~ 105. The full text is reproduced in the "Tang Dynasty" in the Wei, Jin and South North, Tang Tang History of the People's University Data Center in 1997.
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[1] Gu Yan Wu, Huang Yicheng, Huang Yicheng, "Yucai Site, 1994 Edition) Volume 22," Township "(page 783)," Pavilion "(Pavilion 785-786) Everything is very detailed. [2] "Han Han Shu" volume 32, "Fan Hong Yuli Biography", Zhonghua Book Company School, 1965, page 1120. [3] "Han Han Shu" Volume 33, "Zhu Fengyu Zheng Zhou Zhuang", page 1147. [4] "Han Han Shu" volume 41, "Fifth clock from Song Hanli Biography", page 1395. [5] "Han Han Shu" Volume 24, "Mahist Biography", page 828. [6] "Three Kingdoms" Volume 11, "Yuan Zhang Yu Guotian Wang Wei Bi", Zhonghua Book Company School, 1959, p. 350. [7] "Wei Shu" Volume 114, "Interpretation", Zhonghua Book Campus, 1974, page 3032. [8] "Jin Shu" Volume 100, "Su Jun Chuan", Zhonghua Book Campus, 1974, Page 2628. [9] See "Water" Volume 15, "Luo Water · Yishui · 水 · 水", Yuelu Publishing House, 1995 edition. [10] "Jin Shu" Volume 120, "Li Flow Notes", page 3030. [11] Zhao Zhenyu won the "Shanshi Rock Chamber". [12] "Jin Shu" volume 67, "郗 郗 传", page 1797. [13] "Jin Shu" Volume 62, "Zum Biography", page 1694. [14] "Liang Shu" Volume 51, "Turan" Zhang Xiaowu Chuan "Zhonghua Book Office, 1973, page 752. . [15] "Jin Shu" Volume 110, "Murong Jun Jun", pages 2839-2840. [16] "Jin Shu" volume 114, "苻 苻 载 载 记", page 2926. [17] "Jin Shu" Volume 63, "Wei Wei Texture", pages 1713 to 1714. [18] "Wei Shu" Volume 40, "Lu Yuchuan Accommodation", page 904. [19] "Tongxing" Volume 3, "Township" leads to Song Xiaoyang's "Guidong Tang Du", Zhonghua Book Office, 1988, page 62. [20] "Conduct Tan" volume 157, "Liang Wu Emperor Datong Three years (537) October" Note, Zhonghua Book Company School, 1956, Page 4886. [21] See "Conduct Tan", "Liang Wu Emperor Zhongdotong six years (534) October" record: "Eastern Wei Betai Xue Yiyi and the River, according to Young's Wall; (Hu Note: According to Xue Tuan ", Yang's wall in the West Bank of Longmen, when there is between Huayin, Xia Yang, Gahua Yin Zhu Yanyang has built a self-defeating, because it is called.) Wei Si air participation, Hedong Xue Rou, the villagers hit the Eastern Wei, complex Take Yang's, Zi Xiang Taili to the Town of Sushu Town, Nanzhu ";" Liang Wu Emperor Datong 4 years (538) December "record:" Luoyang is looking for it in the west. Jing Xuan sticks to Zhang Fan, (Hu Nu: Wuta in northwest of Yiyang. "Water is notified": "Huanneu County has Zhang Baiqi, in the north of the water, according to the Erxi, the north , Three-sided income, only Western panels.) The Southeast Zhujun should check the West. "[22] Li Xian's epitaphore:" The Ten Zuzu is returned, smart and benevolence, there is a supervision of the Zhe, knowing the Wei Sheng Di Qi Sheng Guangyuan, there is a world, the discussion of the country.
