A hard drive fault to handle a general step
When you encounter a hard disk failure, the user should not be too urgent, but should calm down, analyze the fault, if you encounter physical failure, and there is no important data in the hard disk, the biggest possibility is to go to the dealer package Or replacement, if the hard disk is only scrapped in the hard drive. If there is an important data in the hard disk, you must fix it, the user is best not to deal with, but you should go to the professional to seek a solution, because the hard disk physical failure involves the comparative underlying hardware (such as disk disk, control board, etc. ) If you are unauthorized or replaced, you may cause a bigger failure of the hard disk.
If it is a hard disk soft fault, you can do your own yourself, press step by step according to the method introduced by the author. Here, it is important to point out that these methods described in this section are premise with "non-recovering data, only repair hard disk", if the user wants to recover data within the hard disk, the method of repairing the method may vary, the user can This site data is restored. In general, the general steps of hard disk soft troubleshooting are as follows:
1 Check the hard drive mode in the motherboard BIOS to see if the hard disk is set correctly.
2 Start your computer with the startup disk of the corresponding operating system.
3 Check if the hard disk partition end flag (last two bytes) is "55 aa"; whether the active partition guides are "80". We can use some tools to view, for example: kv3000, which can be viewed with its F6 function, and automatically fix with F10 function. Or rebuild the partition table with the FDISK / MBR.
4 to check with anti-virus software, kill viruses.
5 If the hard disk cannot be started, the system file is available (SYS C: Enter).
6 Run the scanDisk command or NU 8.0 NDD to check and fix the FAT table or DIR zone error.
7 If the software runs an error, reinstall the operating system and application.
8 If the software is still running, re-partition the hard disk and reinstall the system later. The hard disk can be quickly formatted if necessary.
Second system does not recognize hard disk symptoms analysis and solution
This is one of the more common hard disk failures. Symptoms are generally unable to start from the hard disk, and cannot enter the hard disk from the floppy disk (A drive).
This fault has appeared on the interface cable or IDE port, the might of the hard disk disk itself is not significant. Users can try the hard disk cable or change the IDE port and interface cable. If it is smooth, the fault can be generally discovered. In addition, the "system does not recognize the hard disk" fault may also be a hard disk system hardware failure, mostly need to open the chassis maintenance, if it is a "self-test hard disk failure" fault, when the system power-on self-test, the initialization will often appear as follows:
NO Fixed Disk Present (hard disk does not exist)
HDD Controller Failure (Hard Disk Controller)
Device Error (Drive Error)
Drive not Ready Error (the drive is not ready)
Hard Disk Configuration Error (Hard Disk Configuration Error)
Hard Disk Controller Failure (Failure to Hard Disk Controller)
Hard Disk Failure (hard disk failure)
RESET FAILED (hard disk reset failed)
Fatal Error Bad Hard Disk (hard disk fatal error)
No Hard Disk Installed (no hard drive installed)
Device Error (Drive Error)
As far as the hard disk soft fault is concerned, the common "system does not recognize the hard disk" fault includes "CMOS hard disk parameter loss", "BIOS does not know hard disk", "self-test hard disk failure" three categories, the following discussion method. 1, CMOS hard disk parameters lost
The CMOS hard disk parameter lost fault refers to the fault phenomenon that sets the hard disk parameter automatically updated in the BIOS when the BIOS is started. This fault is mainly caused by the motherboard CMOS circuit fault, virus or software overwriting CMOS parameters, and the CMOS parameter lost fault can be checked by the following steps.
1 If the CMOS parameter is turned off, the CMOS parameter is automatically lost, and the computer is reset, and the computer can be started normally. This is often caused by the CMOS battery contact or CMOS battery failure. It is recommended to check the CMOS battery to ensure good contact, and use the multimeter to check CMOS The battery voltage should be about 3V (the early motherboard CMOS battery voltage may be 3.6V). If the CMOS battery voltage is much lower than normal, the CMOS battery has been invalid, be sure to replace the battery in time to avoid battery leakage, pollution The motherboard will result in damage to the motherboard.
2 If the CMOS parameter is automatically lost after the cradle is running, it is probably that the virus or software rewritable CMOS parameters result, please remove the system to the system to eliminate certain faults caused by viruses that attack CMOS. If the system is installed with anti-virus software, such as PC-CILLIN, RISIING, KV3000, etc., these software discovers the CMOS after discovering the virus, and the hard disk is automatically set to not.
"BIOS does not know the hard disk" fault finger After the power is started from the hard disk, after entering the BIOS setup program, select the "IDE HDD Auto Detectoin" option to automatically detect the hard disk, the BIOS program cannot check the fault phenomenon of the identification of the hard disk. "BIOS does not know the hard disk" fault is mainly due to improper hard drive, hard disk physical failure, motherboard and hard disk interface circuit failure, power failure (power supply load capacity difference) caused. "BIOS does not know the hard disk", please check the processing in the following steps.
1 If the fault is caused by a new installed or new hard disk, the optical drive, and other IDE devices, please check if the hard disk owner is set to set an error, and the master slave jumper setting will cause the system to correctly identify the same IDE. Two IDE devices on the interface.
2 BIOS cannot recognize the hard disk, first try the system from the floppy drive, such as the floppy drive does not start the system, it is likely to be a motherboard and power failure. If the soft drive can start the system, the system still does not recognize the hard disk, which is generally caused by hardware failure. Please turn on the chassis. If you start listening to the hard disk, whether it is normal, if the hard drive is not rotated, check the hard disk power cord (large four-pin plug, Whether four coils are yellow, black, black, and red) is inserted, can be changed to a large four-pin plug, pull out the hard disk data cable, such as the hard disk or not turning or turning the sound is not normal, it can be determined Hard disk failure. If the hard disk is rotated and the rotation is normal, check if the hard disk data cable is broken or there is a poor contact, it is best to change a good data cable. If the data cable is not malfunction, check if the hard disk data cable interface and the motherboard hard disk interface have broken needle or contact poor phenomenon, if there is a broken needle, please contact the shutdown.
3 If the system still does not recognize the hard disk, please check the hard disk on another machine, confirm whether it is a hard disk failure, such as a hard disk failure, please replace or repair the hard drive. Check the hard drive on another machine to confirm the hard drive, further check the motherboard. You can remove the drive and the second hard disk, try the hard disk in the motherboard IDE2 interface; if you remove the drive and the second hard disk system, the cause is that the power supply is insufficient; if the hard disk is inserted on the motherboard IDE2 interface BIOS can recognize the hard disk The motherboard IDE1 interface is damaged. If there are two IDE interfaces of the motherboard, the multi-function card is connected to the hard disk, and the use of the multi-function card connection to the hard disk must modify the CMOS parameters to disable the IDE interface on the board. 4 The above inspection is still unable to troubleshoot, please replace or repair the motherboard.
3, self-test hard disk failure
"Self-test hard disk failed" fault refers to the failure of the hard disk set in the BIOS when the system starts the self-test. The self-test hard disk failed to boot the system from the floppy disk, but after booting the system from the floppy disk, the hard disk cannot be done anything. This fault is mainly due to improper setting of the BIOS hard disk parameters, hard drive physical failure, motherboard and hard disk interface circuit failure, power failure (power supply capacity difference). "Self-test hard disk failed" troubleshooting can be checked by following steps:
1 "Self-test hard disk failed" first checks the hard disk parameter setting in the BIOS, the hard disk parameter setting error, virus or software overwriting the CMOS system will give the above prompts.
2 Some low-speed hard drives cannot adapt to the frequency of the system running, please reduce the external frequency of the system, this situation is especially common when super-frequency runs in 83MHz and 75MHz; users who add ISA multi-function cards, available in BIOS Try the ISA BUS clock frequency reduction, such as a "Bus Clock Selection:" initialization parameter setting item in the "Advanced CMOS Setup" menu of the AMI BIOS, change the option value from 16.5MHz to 11.0MHz.
3 The above inspection is still unable to troubleshoot, and the fault belongs to the hard disk system hardware failure. Please open the chassis overhaul according to the "BIOS not recognized hard drive" as described in the previous article.
In addition to the three cases, it may cause the system to not recognize the hard disk, and some other hardware failures may also make the system do not identify the hard disk, and one of the cases described below is the best example.
4, moisture caused system unrecognizable hard drive
Case Description: A microcomputer, not used for a long time, starting with a hard drive, the memory self-test is normal, after the self-test, the sound is boring, and "1701 error.press f1 key to continche."; Press After F1, "Boot Disk Failure.Type Key To Retry" appears, when the button is hit, the machine deadlock. When starting with a floppy disk, "1701 Error.Press F1 Key To Continue.", Press F1, starting from the A disk to start, but you can't enter the hard disk C, the screen displays "Invalid DRIVE Specification."
Analysis and Processing: The system retains the absolute address of the C800 to the hard disk. When the system is powered up, perform self-testing, if the controller and hard disk are detected normally, call the interrupt INT 19h to make system boot, otherwise prompt 170x error message and fall into death cycle. The system prompts "1701" error code, indicating that there is a hard disk failure existence during the power-on self-test process.
First discriminate whether the fault is caused by a soft fault, and the hard disk is tested with a high-level diagnostic disk, but the system does not recognize the hard disk. A DOS system disk is taken again. After the start is successful in the A disk, use FDisk check and re-sequentially partition, unsuccessful, and the screen is displayed "NO Fixed Disks Present." And try to use format c: / s format the hard disk. Nor successful, the screen displays "Invalid Drive Specification." According to the above, and the sound is very dull according to the hard disk, the initial inferior is a hardware failure. Turn on the chassis and re-insert the signal cable plug of the coupled hard drive, the control card, etc., turn it on, and the fault is still not disappeared. It is also considered that the airspace is not used, the other components such as the hard disk and the hard disk adapter are large, and it is determined that the triumph is tried to heat the moisture, see if the tidal hard disk can be recovered. During the heating of the hair dryer, remember to turn off the host power switch, and the electric blower cannot stay only in a certain position, and should move while blowing while blowing to avoid local overheating damage to the hard disk element. The first time heated and wet, turned on and retryed, the fault phenomenon did not disappear, but the dull voice was significantly reduced when reading the hard disk. After turning off the machine, it will continue to blow hard drives and hard disk adapters. Power-on retry, when the self-test is completed, the dull voice disappears when reading the hard disk, the hard disk is successful, and the fault is completely excluded. The elimination of the fault also reminded the majority of users, the computer is not used for a long time, and must pay attention to moisture.
Three systems cannot start symptoms and solutions from hard drives
The premise of this fault is that the system can identify the hard disk normally. If the system does not know the hard disk, the user can refer to the above content to fix the fault repair. "The system cannot start from hard drive" Generally, it is related to system power, BIOS settings, motherboard, IDE interface, and the like.
Users can check the settings of the BIOS first, see if the hard disk information in Standard CMOS Setup is correct, users can detect a hard disk settings using Auto Detect ...
If the hard drive caused by the power failure cannot be booted, it is generally not possible to start with a floppy disk. In order to confirm whether it is a power failure, it is best to replace a power supply. If the power is normal, you can further check the motherboard. In order to determine the range of faults, you can start to see if you can succeed. If the floppy start is working properly, the problem may be on a hard disk interface, check whether the IDE slot is good.
If the floppy disk does not start, the problem may be displayed in the motherboard control circuit or the control chip. At this time, you can try an external disk interface adapter card, such as multi-function card, etc., but you must modify the CMOS parameter before using the multi-function card, prohibit the IDE interface on the board (on board), that is, set these items to "Disabled ". If it is still invalid after the above diagnosis, it can only replace the motherboard.
Four hard drives can not initialize symptoms and solutions
Hard disk initialization refers to the partitioning, formatting of hard drives, and general situations may result in initialization of hard drives. (1), set errors in CMOS; (2), hard disk infectious virus; (3), logical lock in the hard disk.
For the first case, it is recommended to resolve the CMOS to the default value. Users can check if the Virus WarnNing item in the BIOS Features setup item in the CMOS setting is disable, if not, try it . If the CMOS setting is not initialized, the user can perform a second step, that is, check the virus. The virus may cause the hard disk partition to damage, so that the formatting of the hard disk cannot be completed.
For the third case, that is, the hard disk of the "logical lock" cannot be initialized, and the user can crack by the two methods described below. Let's take a look at the principles of logical locks before starting to introduce specific implementation methods. When the computer is booting the DOS system, all logical discs will be searched. When DOS is booted, first go to the partition table information of the main boot sector, the OBEH address of the first sector of the zero-cylindrical surface of the hard disk. Starting, when the partition information begins to be 80h, it is said that the main boot partition is mainly guided, and the main boot partition is defined as a logical disk C disk, and then look for the extension partition logic, is defined as a D disk, To find E, F, G ..... "Logic Lock" is here, modify the normal main boot partition record to point to yourself, DOS look up at startup After a logical disk, look for the next logic disk always find itself, so that it has formed a dead cycle, which is why the use of floppy drives, optical drives, and dual hard drives cannot be started. In fact, this "logical lock" just uses DOS to start a small defect at startup, so many masters are helpless. I know the "Logic Lock" principle, it is easier to unlock it. I saw that there was a friend who had a "hot plug" hard disk power supply method: Just when the system started, do not insert the locked hard disk in the power cord, wait for the startup to complete "hot plug" On the power line, if the hard disk is not burned, the system can control the hard drive. Of course, this is a very dangerous way, don't try it easily, here is two more simple and secure processing methods. Method 1: Modify DOS boot file
First prepare a DOS6.22 system disk, bring DEBUG, PCTOOLS, FDISK and other tools. Then on a normal machine, use the binary editing tools you are familiar with the binary editing tool (DEBUG, PCTOOLS5.0, or UltraEdit bank under Windows) to modify the IO.SYS file on the floppy disk (remember to remember the property of the file as Normal), specifically search the first "55AA" string in this file, find it to change to any other value. Use this modified system floppy disk you can start with the locked hard drive. However, since the normal partition table of the hard disk has been modified by the hacker program, you can't use fdisk to delete and modify the partition, and still unable to start the system with a normal boot disk, then you can use Debug to manually recover. Handmade hard disk steps using Debug is as follows:
A: /> Debug <
-A
-xxxx: 100 MOV AX, 0201; Read the content of a sector
-xxxx: 103 MOV BX, 500; Set a cache address
-xxxx: 106 MOV CX, 0001; Set the hard disk pointer for the first hard disk
-xxxx: 109 MOV DX, 0080; Read Zero Head
-xxxx: 10C INT 13; hard disk interrupt
-xxxx: 10e INT 20
-xxxx: 0110; Exit program returns to the indicator
-g operation
-D500; View content of 500 addresses after running
At this time, you will find the content of the address 6BE is the information of the hard disk partition. Discover this hard disk extension partition points to yourself, this will find the hard disk logic disk when the DOS or Windows is started to go to the dead cycle, and the memory is modified with E commands in the debug indicator. The data is as follows:
E6BE
XX.0 XX.0 XX.0 .......................................... ...
....................... 55 aa
55 AA represents the effective mark of the hard disk, do not modify, XX0 indicates the previous data "XX" to 0. The hard disk is interrupted 13 to write the modified data to the hard disk, as follows: A: /> Debug
A 100; indicating a compilation instruction for modifying 100 addresses
-xxxx: 100 MOV AX, 0301; Write hard disk a sector
-xxxx:; press Enter directly
-g; operation
-q; exit
Then run the FDISK / MBR (reset the boot program of the hard disk boot sector) and then restart your computer. how about it? Use this method to deal with simple enough? And it can also keep the data on the market! If you don't need to protect the data, there is a simpler processing method:
Method 2: Set BIOS, unlock with DM
Everyone knows that the DM software is hard drive identification software that does not rely on the motherboard BIOS, (so can be installed using the large-capacity hard disk on the old motherboard that cannot recognize the big hard disk). Even if the hard disk is set to "None" in the BIOS, DM can also identify and process the hard disk. First you have to find the DM software that is supported with the hard disk, then copy the DM to a system disk. Connect the lock hard disk, boot, hold down the DEL key, enter the CMOS setting, set all the IDE hard drive to None (this is the key!), Save the settings, restart, then the system can "with lock" start. After starting the DM, you will find that the DM can bypass the BIOS to identify the hard disk, select the hard drive to format the partition.
Five-hard drive data reading and writing error symptom analysis and solution
Whether the hard disk exists that data read and write errors can be judged from the following channels. 1. If the user uses Windows NT / 2000 / XP, the system is recorded in the system log when the data read and write error occurs; 2. If the user is not the three operating systems listed above, then the data read The symptoms of writing errors also have errors when copying files, or when the file is deleted, it cannot be deleted. When the user sees these situations, it should be vigilant because the hard disk data read and write can be incorrect.
Analysis cause: Why do you have data read and write errors? In general, the biggest possibility is that the hard disk has a bad track, and the higher-area bad track is higher, the higher the case, the higher the chance of the above symptoms. In addition, the hard disk infectiviation, the hard disk hardware failure may also cause the hard disk data to read and write errors.
Solution: When the user suspects or determines that the hard disk is read and write error, you can start as follows.
1. Use the scanDisk and the chkdsk command to check if there is a logical error. If a large number of red B symbols appear when the hard disk scan is scanned, the hard disk has a bad track. In general, the Norton disk doctor can be used to check the repair, and it is also recommended to use the DM disk tool provided by the hard disk manufacturer. Do not recommend that everyone is low for hard drives. When you encounter a small-range bad road, you can restrict the hard disk, divide the partial part of the bad track in a logical area, and remove this logical area after separation of the area, the user can use, such as pqmagic Subregion.
2, with anti-virus software for a thorough torment. If the above methods are not, you can try the hard disk health check tool to be launched using hard disk manufacturers to make a thorough inspection, these tools are: IBM DFT (Disk Fitness Test, Disk Health Check), WD Data Lifeguard Tools (Data Guardian Tool ), MAXTOR PowerMAX, Seagate Seatools, etc. For details on these tools, please check the contents of this site.
Analysis of zero track failure symptoms and solutions for six hard drives
Zero disk failure is one of the more common hard disk failures. Its performance is generally turned on, the screen displays "HDD Controller Error" or "Disk 0 Track Bad ...", and the post-dead . The hard disk is still unable to enter the BIOS. Use Norton, KV3000 and other softwares that cannot be found. Let's take a brief introduction to its repair method.
1 Connect a normal hard disk and set to the master disk, and the zero track fault hard disk is also set to Master, only the power cord is connected, and the data line is not connected;
2 Boot, run the Norton2000's DiskeDit (Disk Edit), take the Configuration in the Tools menu, and cancel the read Olny check box in the Read Olny checkbox. Take a Drive (Drive) in the Object menu, then take the C: Hard Disk, and set the Type to Physical Disks (Physical Disk). Then, take the partition table in the Object (Target), read the main boot record (MBP) of the intact hard disk and the partition table information to the memory.
3 unplug the signal line on the normal hard disk and receive the zero track fault hard disk;
4 Take Write Object to (Target Write to), select the OK item after you select To Physical Sectors, then select Hard Disk1, click OK; from Write Object to Physical Sectors (Objective Writing To the Physical Sector) Dialog box, set the Cylinder (Cylindrical), Side, and SECTO, set to 0, 0, 1, take OK, and "Warning" dialog box Select the YES item;
5 Exit Diskedit and restart your computer. Enter the BIOS to reset the hard disk parameters and restrict the hard drive.
Zero track failure is a very common type of hardware fault type. For its processing method, it is just a brief introduction to the "0" track solution, more principle analysis and solution, please see other related content of this site.
Seven pairs of hard drive tray interlaced solutions
After installing the dual-hard drive, the reader may find the first hard disk (hereinafter referred to as disk1) of the C disk or a C disk, but the DI disk of Disk1 is turned into an E disk in the new system, and the E disk becomes the F disc ... The second hard disk (hereinafter referred to as Disk2) is changed to the D disk of the new system, DISK2 D disk, E disk and other logical disks are ranked after all of the disk. This situation is called the traveler.
Double-hard drive to interleave problems are caused by MS-DOS for the management method of the hard disk. MS-DOS names the first physical hard disk activation DOS partition C, the second physical hard disk is active DOS partition called D, the first physical hard disk expansion DOS partition called E, F, etc., the rest of the letter The extended DOS partition assigned to the second physical hard disk. If there is no second physical hard disk, or the second physical hard disk does not have a basic DOS partition, then D is assigned to the first logical drive of the first physical hard disk to extend the DOS partition.
A series of problems will have a series of problems. The most common is that some software causes a path error because of the change of the drive, and the file path needs to be re-confirmed when the software is started. To avoid the interlaced phenomenon, for Windows 95/98 systems, the easiest way is to use its "Plug and Play" function. That is, in the BIOS, the second hard disk is set to None. After booting, the Windows 95/98 "Plug" function can prompt to detect new hardware and automatically assign the disc to it, the assignment of the drive letter and Many people's expectations are consistent. Since all the softwares where the software on the primary hard disk is located, the software on the hard disk can be run as usual, and the abrasion problem is solved. Eight hard drive error troubleshooting solution
Hard disk misoperation faults include hard disk misoperation, misuse, erroneous deletion files, etc. The possibility of fixing files is very large, and users only need to use software such as EasyRecovery to fix, of course, fix must pay attention to a certain method. Since the misoperation problem of the hard disk data file is more common, it is more common, so the author will be detailed in the "Restore of the Lost Data File Loss" in Chapter 8. If there is any failure to meet this, you can first Turn out to Chapter VII to view relevant content. Here, the author will focus on the misoperation of the hard disk and misunderstanding failure, and give several solutions for user reference.
1. If there is no other partition operation after accidentally deleting the partition, according to the following method, the original data is generally recovered: first execute the FDISK partition program, rebuild the deleted partition, but pay attention to maintain partitioning and original partition in size, location The same is uniform; followed by restarting the system to the MS-DOS state, execute "format x: / u / q" (x: is a misused partition disk letter), when the system will warn: "This is a big hard disk, If it is formatted, the data will be lost ", then" Yes "is selected; then the system will tell you that the partition cannot quickly format and ask if you are" complete formatting ", answer" no ". The key to the step is to join parameter / q (fast formatting), so after "fake", if there is no accident, you should access the data of the partition. It is necessary to remind you that the partition that is recovered using this method may not be accessed after again restarting the system again. Although it can still recover data above, we recommend restoring all data after the partition is back up, and then perform a complete format The process.
2, hard disk main guidance record repair system FixmbR 1.02A (mainly for FAT16)
The principle of the FixMBR program is to searcher, determine the hard disk partition, and re-construct the main guidance sector. The software only modifies the main boot sector record, so security is very good for other sectors. It is a DOS application that fully complies with the operational specification of the DOS program. If you do FixmbR /?, You can get the help information of the FixmbR. The method is as follows:
USAGE: Fixmbr [Driveno] [/ A] [/ d] [/ p] [/ z] [/ h]
<> Drivenoharddiskscope0-3, DefaultisAllDrive. (Refers the hard disk number, 0 means the first hard disk)
<> / Aactivedospartition. (Activate basic DOS partition)
<> / Pdisplaypartition. (Show the structure of the DOS partition)
<> / Ddisplaymbr. (Show the main boot record content)
<> / Zzerombr. (Fill the main boot record)
<> / Hthismessage. (This help information)
The MBR structure will be checked if the default is not normal. After answering "Y", you will search the partition. If you search for the partition, you will be modified to modify the MBR, and then the fix is completed after "Y". If there is a crazy phenomenon, please do the anti-virus function in the BIOS. All existing hard drives will be searched in the default state and complete the above operations. If the result is not pair, you can restore the result to the original state after you use / z parameters.
3. There is a very good tool in the DOS era called Unformat, which can restore the disk that is cleared by the format command. If the user uses the format command to use the format command to format a partition, then try to use the command. However, unformat can only restore local hard drives and software drives, which cannot recover network drives. The unformat command except the anti-formatting function above, it can also restore and establish damage partition tables on the hard drive.
Nine other common fault solutions
In addition to the eight categories of common hard drives described above, the hard disk will have some faults in installation and use.
1. When installing a hard drive in a three-inch or five-inch, it is to be noted that although the current chassis is all compatible design, due to the manufacturing process, some chassis may still have a hard disk mount screw hole and hard disk. The screw hole is not quite a phenomenon. If all four screws are mandatory, it is possible to cause deformation of the hard disk tray, resulting in damage to the hard disk life. The solution is simple, readers only need to screw two screws on their diagonal, because the components fixed in the chassis during use, so two screws are fixed one hard drive. It should be a better way.
2. During use, if you need to make a big finishing inside the chassis, the moving chassis should be made after the shutdown is turned on more than ten seconds, not to start the power is just turned off, this is because the disk in the hard disk is After the shutdown, it will continue to rotate under the action of inertia, and at this time the moving machine is easily shaken in motion, thereby causing the disk surface and the motor shaft to be damaged.
