(This article is taken from the "UNIX, Linux and Domestic Operating System" chairman of the chairman of Zhongke Hongqi Software Technology Co., Ltd.. In the past 20 years, Professor Sun has actively participated in the introduction of UNIX and the development of domestic operating system COSA. Or the main planner of the Hongqi Linux release version. As one of the civilian operating system research and development history, Professor Sun has made three major people in China's operating system research and development history, lessons and Linux future development. More than 300,000 words are discouraged.) China's research and introduction of UNIX began in 1979. From the "Sixth" program (1981), the state, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the local government have launched a series of research and development around Unix. Since the "Seventy-five", the state has organized human resources to carry out the research project of domestic system software UNIX / POSIX standards. These R & D work have achieved some technical results, there is a little impact in some areas, but the market share is not large. Although there is a strong leading and major technology breakthrough in Chinese localization, the establishment of national basic software has not played a role. In view of the fact that national information security is threatened, in order to protect the security of network and information, in order to achieve the main information of the entire information industry in order to strive for the initiative of the application software, in order to master the power of the software market, develop independent operating systems It is the consensus of the Chinese government authorities, researchers and major users. The problem now is that it is unable to seriously and objectively summarize the lessons of experience, especially unsuccessful, using new ideas to explore the development of autonomous operating system. Although Linux and the "Free Software" and "Open Source" campaign it represents provide a good opportunity to develop independent system software, if there is a problem with the leading ideas, it will repeat the same mistakes. Serious thinking, summing up lessons are not easy for me, even a bit of painful things, but in order to success, this is the reality that must face. Below, the author focuses on lessons, and is elaborated from five aspects. First, the guiding principle that does not establish market and user demand-oriented, although it has made some degree of analysis of the market in the provisional proposal and feasibility report, this analyzed subjective ideas are more, lack of powerful, feasible, Measures and means for specific operations. In the process of the project, I will find users, and even "seek" others are used, very passive. There is no union with the domestic mainstream PC manufacturers to form a mutually beneficial and secure, resulting in the situation of "you attacking you, I do my market", mutual ventilation. In fact, the user's use is to promote the maximum motivation of system progress. Try to see the popular version on the market. Which one is not constantly discovered and insufficient in use, and then constantly improve and enhance function? The user does not understand the system, and the problem of the system cannot be eliminated, and it is not dare to use. The result of a malignant cycle is that there is no market and user, and it will not talk about market share and share. Second, personnel thinking, the concept has not been thoroughly transforming the person (especially the overall group consisting of the author, the idea of implementing the project implementation), the concept has not been revised to adapt to new scientific research management and market business model. Participate in the research, almost all from the colleges and universities, although led by ChinaSoft companies from the original electronics, the main developers are some scientific and technological personnel. Seway, even if the project mainly relying in the unit China Soft, the management and research and development model of the Second Development Department and the general scientific research unit have no difference. Although members of the overall group are almost all famous experts in this area, they are diligent, they want to do the topics; but they are biased, and their thoughts are deeply affected by the original research and teaching system. The ideas are not open, market-oriented The concept is poor; compares the technical achievements and ignores the market development, and ultimately the project can be said to be completed from the technical objectives, and there is a certain level of technology, but there is no market share.
The "Ninth Five-Year Plan" noticed this problem, but there are very few people in the head of the overall group, "I don't know how to effectively open the market", I don't know how to effectively open up the market. Research results are effectively converted into commodities. Third, the technical route has a deviation, we emphasize the self-owned copyright and take your hands and heads and head bundles. It seems to be started from ABC without going to maximize the use of others' results and experience. For example, the "Free Software Foundation" (FSF) GNU has a large number of "free" software on the GNU of the International Freedom Software Foundation (FSF) is available. LINUX has begun popular online after 1992. Some experts on the overall group of the research also proposed this situation, but the overall group did not pay attention to this overall guidance. Especially worried that these things that are afraid of abroad have no self-owned copyright. While our entire topic has concentrated on 17 units in the country, more than 200 scientific and technological personnel, but in the face of the huge and time of the task, almost everything from scratch, actually be poorly copened, there is no more coordination and Innovation, eventually integrating a system. However, from the perspective of commercialization, it is fragile, with a lot of defects; the second is single, the function is not the need for users; the third is the slow-moving market needs of the actions, version upgrades. Fourth, organizational management is weak, although the system software localization research group organization is still relatively strict, there is a leading group, the expert committee conducts departmental coordination and technical guidance; there is a project specific organization and management and technical coordination of the project; There are all kinds of special groups "divide the troops", and the technical research and project are completed; but the general saying, or the organizational system cannot quickly respond to the development of users and market demand and domestic and international technology. . The dispersion of the district is a centralized advantage of some companies in foreign countries. Is there a plan to develop a commodity development work? Although the overall group opened once every 3 months, it is still coordinated in major technical issues, and the reaction is not enough. The research team is scattered in all parts of the country, and there is very little ventilation, especially in-depth, and the overall group regulation has not strong, and this team cannot be organized, not to mention this team in technology, experience and knowledge. Each has the superior leaders of "current tube", often for the government. In fact, the overall group is also unable to implement strong dominance control measures. Fifth, the fund support is not strong in my country, especially in the past 120 years, the development of system software can only be mainly put into and supported by state. An important reason is that our software companies have just been born. In the face of intense competition, the software is low, and the Chinese people's research and development requires great cost lack of correct understanding, and the piracy is serious, and these software companies are busy "find" To eat, survive, ", there is no economic strength to independently develop operating systems and related system software, which requires huge funding and technology investment and accompanied by high risk. Although the relevant state departments have made great support in this regard, it is too small to investigate the funding of such a major-based system software compared to other hardware projects. In recent years, relevant state departments have given more attention to the development of the software industry, especially in 1999, the development of high-tech, especially software, has issued a lot of preferential policies and corresponding active measures. This is undoubtedly a huge role in developing autonomous basic software. The author recommends that for the development of the basic system software, especially the operating system, it should be like the "two bombing a stars" that year, strengthen investment, and strive to have a major breakthrough in a short time, so that my country's software industry can have one as soon as possible. leap. The domestic system software has not achieved the expected market, and the author's basic reasons, the author lists the above five.
