Six of the cavalry riding: Wang Yang, in Bingwen, Li Li, etc., by the Toubicongrong scanning | Posted by: theoretical research (a) A ride with equipment (two) on behalf of the horse lance halberd (c) Zhaolingliujun (d) Taibai Yinjing (1) The Jiaji is in the Buddhist Art Baoxho Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, there is a mural stored in the West Wei Caves, which is the second eighth sheet, and the upper part of its southern wall is drawn. "Five hundred groups of thieves become a Buddha" story, the thief was captured by the official army, and he was extremely punished. The post-immode of the Buddha, the result is double-minded, and the riding official army is painted in the population of the thief. The equipment of the official army is extremely attractive, and the soldiers are wearing a pocket, wearing two servings with shares, hand-held hips - 槊 (also known as 矟), the war horse is also full Shared armor, head, neck and torso were covered with armor, only ears, eyes, nose nose and limbs, and tail. In the color murals stored in another cave in Dunhuang, there is another "five hundred groups of thieves into a Buddha" story painting. During the North Zhou period, the official army in the painting is also reloaded by people and the horse. cavalry. The above two murals depicting the cavalry, real and accurate reflection of the true appearance of the reinstalry cavalry in the North Dynasty, which is the main force of the army at the time, called "Aji Triple". "Triple" is the name of the armor shaped by the horse, or is called "socket." In addition to Dunhuang murals, there is a large number of works depicting the Maps in the sculptural and painting during the North Dynasty, especially in the Tao bun group buried in the tomb, almost all You can see the figure of the jet. From the Northern Wei Dynasty, after the East Wei - North Qi, West Wei - North Week, until the Sui Dynasty At that stage, in the real society, reinstalling the historical facts in the military in the army. Not only in the Northern Dynasty, in the south Dynasty in Jiangnan, such as some South Dynasties found in Jiangsu Danyang, according to the testimony, the tomb of the South Dynasty Wanghou, the wall of the tomb, there is a large-scale tile painting, which can also look To the figure of the brick, save the full picture of Danyang Huqiao Hi Fuxi, Wujiacun and Jingshan Jinjia Village, three big tombs, the adoption of the south Qi Ji Xiao Daosheng, Xuan Emperor Xiao Chengli or Xiao Baofeng, And the mausoleum of the passion of the palaces in the passion, indicating that in the army of the South Dynasty, the A-riding is equally important. The bricks have an important position in the army, and has become the main arms, and it has experienced the long development process of approximately two centuries. When the three countries, when Cao Zhi armor is described, it has shown that the military has begun to equip the Masters. However, the number is limited, and the reinforcement of the cavalry is too small in the army, and it doesn't work for the war. At the beginning of the century, the situation has changed greatly, and the West Jinzhan is due to the highest ruling group, the princes of the princes, and the princes of the "Eight Kings". In order to enhance military power, Zhu Wang often uses some minority aristocrats to participate in their own army. The Xiongnu Liu Yuan took back to the left national city to organize the army, establishing a regime, and finally captured Luoyang, captive Jin Huaidi, and finally leads to the short-lived West Jin Crowd of the Dynasty. From the Huns into the Central Plains, some minorities, such as the ethnic minorities, such as a ram, prosperity, 氐, 羌,,,,,,,,,,,,, establish a regime, form a long-term turmoil and split, and the national contradictions and class contradictions have an error complicated Situation, this also contributed to an unprecedented process. These ancient ethnic minorities have lived in the north or northwest side of the north, which is mainly the nomad economy. It has excellent horses. The army is a cavalry, and the re-installed cavalry of the armored armor is the main force in the army.
According to "Jin Shu", after the end of the battle, the victory often captures thousands of horses, even 10,000. "Jin Shu, Yao Xing" records that Yao Xing defeated the roasting, "dropped his mids of 36,000, and 60,000 horses". It can be seen that the number of Macadies that are equipped in the army is more than that In the archaeological discovery, the earliest of the earliest in the era is now the period of the 16th National People's Day, such as the tomb mural of Haizi Huo Chengti, such as the Tomb of Haizheng, Yunnan, about 36 or three In 1994, there was an image with a japonic. In the Korean Anyue, I found a grave of Youshi Muneshi, he was in the third year of the year, and in the murals in his tomb, painted an image of the tomb, according to the title of the tomb Ink book, the master of the grave was buried in the Eastern Jinyong and 13 years. He is the first year of Kaiping, that is, the three or five seven years of the year, slightly, the tomb of Huo Cheng. The re-installed cavalry in the North and South is exactly the tradition of the Eastern Jin 16th National Times. The large amount of equipment army in the Horses Pack of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the intensity of the riding horses, especially the invention and use of the horse. At present, the martial arts that is unearthed from China, is the wood core of Anyang's filial piety, which is only used in the same time, and about it. As for the model of the horse, the earliest example is the 2nd year of Hunan Changsha West, China (three two years), in those Tao, only on the left side of the saddle, there is a triangular shape, it seems It is used for the knight to quickly pick it up, and it will no longer use it after riding. This example is also recognized by the British, Japanese and other countries, such as Dr. Li Yose in the world, such as the British famous scientific and technical history expert, as far as it is a great invention to contribute to the history of civilization in China. . The use of the horse's use is critical to the development of the cavalry. Only equipped with the horse, the cavalry can control the horse riding with heavy armor, so that the knight and the horse are well combined, and give full play to the performance of the weapon. The intensity of the horses and the use of the unique, so that the re-installed cavalry from the Eastern Jin 16th National Times until the Northern Dynasty, even to the Sui Dynasty, he has been in the battlefield, which has become the main force of the battle. The structure of the uniform is also increasingly perfect. When the Nort-North Dynasties, the "curtain" that protects the horse is protecting the "curtain" of the horse and neck, protect the "treasure" of the chest, protect the trunk "The" back "and the" back "and the" parasitic "and other six parts of the" parasitic "are formed. In addition to the curtains and parasitic, it is prepared with rectangular flats. There are two kinds of curtains, one is the whole set on the horse, only expose the ears, eyes and nose, called "curtain"; the other is the semi-sleeve in the part of the horse, except for the eyes, under颏 is also exposed to the outside. With the material, there are two main materials, or use steel production, or made with leather, they are used with the soldiers, people are draped, and the horse is also draped; Piniene. Taking the seven years of Sui Yidi (six or one year) as an example, according to the "Sui Shu, etiquette" record, the cavalry forty team, every ten teams are a group, all of which are a jet. "The first group, all the silk, Ming Liangjia, iron fixtures, Qingxi, Jianyi flag. The second group, the silk, the silk, the sauce, the saucer, Jian Yiqi. Third Group , White silk even Ming light A, iron fixtures, vegetarians, build an evil flag. The fourth group, Wu Silian Xuancun, the beast, the []]], 六. "You can see people, The armored armor equipment is not only the same, but also the color is consistent, which is extremely majestic.
(2) Ma Yigua starts from the beginning of the 19th century, a number of more and more reloaded cavalry - the armor is in the battlefield, which has the increasingly sophisticated weapon, galloping in the land of China. This changed the appearance of ancient Chinese war, which also enabled military organizations and tactics. In order to adapt to the characteristics of reloading cavalry fighting, the main fighting weapons and long-range weapons of the military have new changes. In terms of fighting weapons, the main changes are the decline of the sputum, and knives, spears and other weapons have a new development, especially the Equippected Money gradually replaced by the cavalry - 槊. After steel manufacturing, after the end of the Warring States, it has always been the most important fighting weapon of the army until the West Jin is still known as "the five soldiers". However, its appearance is very different from the "Bu" shape "of the Warring States Qin and Han Dynasties and vertical" Bu "characters, the main change is the cross-out of the rigration, and become a fork, Full-shaped double-shaped. Dongjin Yong and 13 years (ie, in the first year of the promotion, in the first year of the year), in the middle of the tomb of Dongshou, the infantry that travels in front of the cattle car in Winter Souveni, equipped with the shield, the sputum on the picture is double fork . It is worth noting that the reinstalry cavalry in the same screen - the jet tie, the weapon held in the hands is the long handle. This mural brings such information, that is, the reinstalry cavalry at the time has eliminated the horse, and the horse is changed, and the infantry has also maintained the original traditional weapon equipment and still holds the fight. In fact, from the changes in its own appearance, it has clearly presented the signs of fading. Because traditional burst, it is mainly not in front of you, but it is translatable and returned to hook, and he still retains the characteristics of ancient Chinese hooked troops represented by Ho. When Jin Dynasty changed to the double shape, only to the fork, lost the performance of the traditional hiking, or said that it is close to the spear weapon with a thorn, this loss of the original characteristics, It is showing that the fate of the fading of this weapon has not been kept. The cause of the decline of the sputum, or because it is not suitable for re-installed the armor. In order to penetrate or break the armor and the tip of the horse, although it is improved to be bifurcated, the thorn and branches are narrow, and the three-blade of the long body is not as good as the long body. Moreover, in terms of process production, forging stretching with a small branch, more than the forging, especially the fighting weapon for the large number of equipment, requires precision, and the process is simple and easy to manufacture. The complexity of the complex fees is naturally more necessary. In addition, the crew is the traditional weapon of the Chinese Han nationality, and the rise of the Aquarium, and the traditional weapons of the ethnic minorities in the Central Plains will not open, and the traditional weapons of the Xianbei and other nations are dominated. Especially the establishment of Northern Wei Wei. The Xianbei of the Dynasty was known as a good use, which is one of the reasons why the Sixteenth National Dynasties.槊 In the Han Dynasty, it is one of the fighting weapons used by cavalry. Its importance is second only to Emph, but in the Nort-North Dynasties, this weapon has a new development. On the one hand, the handle will be extended, according to "Release" book In the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty was eight feet, and the new horses made by the laminate, two feet long, and grew up to the longness of the Hanzi. On the other hand, the blade is increased and the two blade is made, thereby enhancing the performance. It can be used as an example, which occurs in five or seventeen of AD. Liang Shaofu's new complement two blade two blade, Liang Wu Emperor Xiao Yan let the famous sheep test, "槊 槊 马, 左 右,," "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" " Looking into the tree, Liang Wu Emperor saw that "this tree must be a servant" (when the title of the sheep is in the standard). Sure enough, because of the people's people, the trees were broken, so that this new type of 槊 槊 is "folded". At that time, the decorations were short, and the Northern Wei Dicking Royal Infantry used to use dark colors, embedded with black shrimps.
In addition to the except, the other main fighting weapons used in the Northern Dynasties is a knife, cavalry and infantry. Chen An, who was praised by the song "Board Song" in the present, is to use the long knife and the two weapons to fight. When the song said Chen An operation "? (Left horse right Nie) 骢 Father Materials forged sitback, seven-foot big knife is like a rush, his eight snake spear left and right, ten knocks, no current." At that time, in addition to using Han Wei's tradition With the handle of the handle, the appearance of the knife also has a new change, and starts to try to slightly broaden the blade, so that the knife is slightly fondled, and the slope head of the slope is changed. A new model of frontal rear, but also try to change the knife into a circular shape to plugging a long cutting handle. For example, in the Eastern Jin Temperature near the Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, there is an iron knife with the above shape, one with a round handle, and a handle, a total length of 46.5 cm. After this type of knife went to the Tang Dynasty, it became the main type of the knife in the military. He has been in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the future, and the straight-up knife in the Han Dynasty gradually be eliminated. The long-range weapon of the cavalry is mainly the bow arrow, the re-installed cavalry painted by the second eighth-five cave murals in Dunhuang we wear a bow capsule and arrow. Sixteen countries. The bow and arrows in the north and south dynasties have no longer use bronze, and steel arrows are generally used, and there are roughly two types, and there are rigid three-prosthetic, and the other is flat, the latter is the main popular style at the time. In Beyan Feng Sufu Fraser Tomb, Liaoning North Volume, unearthed iron 镞 is more than 130 pieces, all of which are flat shape, have ridges in the middle, and the cross section is tail, and there is a long iron tail.铤, 铤 铤 一 段 银 银 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中 中The tomb has also unearthed, all the front ends have a three-wing iron, and the part is inserted into the bamboo arrow, and then a olive bone whistle, the whistle, the whistle, the whistle Small holes and launches can produce sounds, in the Mausoleum of the Northern Wei Civilization, also found a small amount of iron, which is the product of the end of the fifth century. There are three triangular triangular shapes in the iron, and the other seven are the flattening of the body flattening. Similar to a flat outfit, there is also unearthed in the stone tomb of Jilin Ji'an Gao Zhei. This indicates that the flat-headed iron 镞 is a popular style of the northern and northeast. Compared with reinstall cavalry, the infantry in the North and South Dynasties is not valued in the army. The weapons are not as good as the cavalry. From the image materials such as murals and portrait bricks, the infantry is more lightweight, not shaped, the weapons of the equipment are mainly the first knife and shield, and the common spear is used in conjunction with the shield. The remote weapon is also dominated by a bow and arrow. The image of the reinstall of the armor, can be found in the pottery that is unearthed in the tombs, the armor is mostly Ming Guangjia, the head wear is a lot of horses, often hold the big lion pattern. Shield, called "Golden Flower Shield". In addition, the use of powerful strong, and the situation of strong 弩 has been introduced in the previous chapter, they have the name of God, Wan Wei, etc. because of the power of power.
(3) Zhaoling Silun in the main peak of Ninemshan, Northeast Spring County, Shaanxi Province, has maintained Tang Taizong Li Shimin's mausoleum - Zhaoling, in Tongyuan Sima Meng, two 庑 庑The huge stone roof statue of the six fight horses of the enemy, that is, the famous "Zhaoling Six Jun". Unfortunately, these beautiful ancient artworks have been destroyed in the beginning of this century, of which two stones were happily abroad, and the four stones were now hidden in the Shaanxi Provincial Museum. They were originally carved in the Nutong of Tang Taizong, and commanded them to take them in front of the mausoleum of him, each stone carving is more than one seven-meter, forming a commemorativeness of the Memorial Tang Taizong. Group carving. In the "Mother's Twenty-three", the famous poet Li He, written by the famous poet Li He, has a famous horse "boxing hair" said: "Tang Jianzhi, the fist is Taizong. Mozi Jin Jin, Catch the wind. "This" boxing "is" boxing ", it is the battle horse riding the Tang Taizong Union," Zhaoling Six Jun "has its relief side. In addition to it, the names of the remaining five horses are "飒 飒 紫", "white hoof", "Terler (the" Diligent "word) 骠", "Qingyi" and "convective", this Every one can tell a storytelling story. Six horses relief are all realistic works, and they are vividly reproduce the horses of the horse. The decoration and horses of the horses are drawn detailed and accurate. In order to study the decoration and equipment of the horse, it provides an image. It is worth noting that the six Tang army coach's war horse, there is no exception to protect the weapon of the horse. Especially the "飒 飒", Li Shimin and Wang Shi will fight the horse when he will fight, and it is also a person in front of it. It is the general of the horse to pull the arrow. He is all equipped with a peaceful? It is fully illustrated that the rider will not be involved in the armor. As for the "Boxing" that has been speaking, there is no shacklery, and it has a total of nine arrows, and the artist is engaged out in the topography of the injured in it. In the military, the coach rides the wars of armor protection in different battlefields. This is very different from the Northern Dynasty to the Dynasty. It shows that the people who have draped the armored cavalry have declined, and the horse is not draped only. Cavalry, at the time, it was attached to the main force of the military cavalry. Observing the statue of Zhaoling Liujun, you can also see the improvement of the early Tang Jun, the prominent point is equipped with a new "rear bridge tilting saddle", and the pendant is also pendant in the rear side of the saddle. The horse scrapped into a "three flowers" decoration, this is the horses that are popular in the ancient monarchy, indicating that the horse and horse are strong in the West, mainly the impact of Turk. "Specialist" in Liujun, has been mistaken "Teler" by some literature, and has a "special service", translation of "Khan's children", maybe the horses The gift is originally a trustee. The remaining five horses have the same characteristics and horses, horses, and engraving. This phenomenon is justified with the Tang Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty in the Dynasties to the Turkic Strong. According to the book "Datang Entrepreneurship Note" book, Li Yuan, Li Shimin father and son have trained cavalry in Judico, and buy horses to Turki. At the same time, there is also a Tang Jun in the Tang Jun, such as the famous Shi Nai, is the West Textual, and the Turkic Cavalry he led has repeatedly built the battle. Therefore, Turkica plays a lot in the improvement of the improvement of the Tang Dynasty. The equipment and tactics of Turkic cavalry have far-reaching influence on the formation and training of the Cavalry in the Tang Dynasty. So, in the Northern Dynasties, the Xianbei rejuvened the cavalry on the battlefield, and the light-installed cavalry under the influence was repelled. In addition to the influence of the Turk, there is also the impact of the big rigons of the early cavalry equipment. The peasant army, the equipment is simple, lack of excellent armor and weapons, just as a song that depicts the King of the Kings, the King of the Ji'an Uprising, Shandong: "Former Changbai Mountain, Zhiro, pure red Luo Jin back, long Invading the sky, the knife is shine ... Suddenly, the official army, the knife is forward.
"Under the hit of the morale, the martyrdom of the morale is hit, the troops of the Sui Dynasty, who reinstall the cavalry. The peasant righteous army destroys the cornerstone of the Sui Dynasty, and also sweeping the north and south charters. Private system, changed the composition of the army and the composition of the army, promoted the development of tactics, which also manifested in the monopoly status of the lightweight cavalry to reload the cavalry. As part of the cavalry troops, people, Marto drain armor reloaded The cavalry still retains in the feudal army, especially the row of royal aristocrats, but also lacks the figure of the armored armor, simulating its topical pottery figurines in the Tang Dynasty There is still unearthed. The horse is unloaded to the heavy unloading, so that the cavalry force is more flexible, forming a variety of tactics, Tang Taizong Li Shimin is extremely good at using the cavalry. He pays attention to the enemy before the war. Position to find an enemy weakness, capture the fighter. In the battle to fight, use the elite cavalry to cut off the enemy's grain road. The main battle is the moment, and he decisively use the cavalry to attack the enemy array or to the enemy. When he fell, he was also good at winning the chasing, using the high speed of the cavalry, do not give the enemy of the failure to the opportunity to breathe, and strive to be all the most important fighting weapons, Li Shimin, the famous holiday (ie The junction of the novel is golden), and Yu Chijing is good at using the horse. Because the horse is an important weapon, it is listed as one of the weapons that prohibits private holdings in the law of the Tang Dynasty. The long-range weapon is a bow, There is also an essential transverse knife for each soldier. In Xi'an Duding Tang Kaiyuan twenty-eight years (seven four years), there are two stone carving soldiers, exquisite, and the artistic value is high, and they hold The weapon is more worth noting. In addition to their own wear wear wear wear, one group may be the weapon for the owner. These two groups of weapons include a bending long knife with a double-ring first hand. The long sword, a bow and a bow-filled Hu Lu. Another soldier has a long handle of the weapon in addition to the knife, sword and bow. It is awkward, but unfortunately it has been broken. These two stone carvings have vividly show the true look of the Tang Dynasty into group weapons.
(4) Tai Bai Yinjing Tang Dynasty, Du You, for thirtyte six years, written on "General" book in BC, is a history of Chinese existing system records in China, has important historical value. In the "General" related to military, military, municipal defense system, attacked the city's war, military equipment equipment, water war, mainly transcribed the popular military book from a Tang Dynasty, is Li Wei's "Tai Bai Yin Jing" The book is named "God Machine Author's Venerary", a total of ten volumes, its title: Volume 1: People seek; volume two: people seek; volume three: hybrid; volume four: Skin ; Volume 5: Preparation; Volume Six: Barma; Volume 7: Square, Jiejie, Pharmacy; Volume 8: Herbic; Volume 9: Armor; Volume 10; Miscellaneous. Author Li Wei, two Tang books have no password, and there is not clear that there is a personal experience. It is just that "Ji Xian Chuan" said that he "Zhi to Jingnan Festival is a deputy, Xianzhou thorns," too white yin ". "But because there are many unscientific content such as romadic, the authors and other unscientific content, so the author is deceived, so that" the fairy feels "said" there will be slightly, "the" Tai Bai Yin "10 volumes Into the mountain visited the road, I don't know what I end. "Being a homes with mythology, the so-called" too white phenomenon ", maybe" Tai Bai Yin Jing "is misused. In this book, Du You has quite quoted, and it has been recorded in "Tang Book, Art Wenzhi" and "Song History, Art Zhizhi". The book name "Tai Bai Yin Jing", this takes the "Taibai Military" and "Yinshen Murchant", indicating that the author has convinced that the use of soldiers and the intersection is convinced, so the book is used in one-half of the space. , Telling the daily day, accounting for the moon, accounting for five stars (the age of star, damages, town stars, Taibai, Chen Xing), battle star, accountant, accounting for the demon, accumulating the cloud, and the corner, armor related to the compass. However, when discusses the war, it is still listed as the first volume and occupies two volumes of two volumes. In the volume of "people" (on) including the sky without yin and yang, there is no danger, people are unrest, the owner has morality, the state is rich, and the sages will have a sense of intelligence, there is a conspiracy, and the number has the heart, the government There are ten articles such as ace. Volume two "people seek" (below) including good teachers, expensive, temple, Shenmei, son, selection, sword, criminal, terrain, military shaped, combat, attack and defensive, pedestrians, talents and other fourteen . In the above discussion, the author can avoid superstitious, etc., emphasizing that the victory and defeat depends on people, not the ghosts of the heavens. He also pointed out: "Where the Tiandao gods, it doesn't see it, listening to it, you can't hear, refers to the shackles, you can't make a wins, you can't make life and death." The main factors of defeating the enemy, have spiritual and spiritual In terms of matter, the former is like the benevolent righteousness, the latter is as strong as the country, and the soldiers are not brave, the key is the appreciation. In this book, it seems that it is not surprising, because the author's historical conditions are caused by the limitations of historical conditions, although believes in darometers, it is truly implemented to the marching battle, and to win the victory, only Operation according to the law of war, explore the winning way, and learn from the book.
