Grid computing is a new software architecture that is specifically used to effectively centrally store a large number of low-cost modular memory and servers in the same place to create virtual computing resources that can be transparently allocated. Because grid computing can use computational capacity very efficiently, the cost is low and high availability, so it is possible to provide the best solution to meet the requirements of computing and on-demand. Oracle Application Server 10g (Oracle Application Server 10g) As the next-generation application infrastructure software integration kit for Oracle, it is specifically designed to run enterprise applications on computing grids, enabling enterprise-class applications into grid computing architecture. The new realm of "high efficiency, low cost, high availability and scalability".
Three challenges of enterprise computing grid
Before analyzing the specific functions of the Oracle Application Server 10g, we must first understand the new challenges present in three aspects of the diversity, dispersibility, and dynamics while using grid architectures.
- Diversity: Grid Calculation usually includes many resources that need to be managed, where servers, memory, database servers, application servers, enterprise applications, and system services such as directory services, security, and identity management services. Managing these resources and its life cycle is a difficult challenge.
- Dispersibility: Traditional distributed systems generally manage from centralized management points. The computing grid further strengthens this challenge because resources can even be more dispersed, and the location is distributed in many different data centers within the enterprise.
- Dynamic: Traditional application components typically operate in static environments and do not need to deal with rapidly changing needs. In computing grids, systems and applications need to be able to flexibly adapt to changing needs. For example, the approved feature set on the grid can include a continuous change component set through the evening binding feature and cross-platform properties of the web service. These components can be on different nodes in the network for a certain time. Managing applications in such a dynamic environment is very challenging.
Five features of Oracle Application Server 10g
For the new challenges brought about by the enterprise computing grid, Oracle Application Server 10g provides a wealth of features to meet their needs, mainly from "security, identity management and user supply", "application management and monitoring", "scalable Sex "," high availability "and" system management and monitoring "are introduced.
Safety, identity management and user supply
Since resources in the computing grid are no longer static with the application binding, but by-demand, identity, and access management processes need to be applied as needed; in addition, in the computing grid, the number of users, the number of users accessed And the number of different devices and channels used in these users access resources is rapidly increased. To simplify the security supply and management in computational grids, the Oracle application server 10G provides a unified standard-based end on the basis of Oracle Internet Directory, Oracle Application Server Certificate Authorage, and Oracle Application Server. To end security and identity management infrastructure.
- Safe application server: In order to provide a secure environment to run enterprise applications, the Oracle Application Server 10G adds many improvements in improving security, including integrated Java2 security support; SSL is for all protocols (RMI, RMI-over -IIOP, SOAP, JMS, LDAP, etc.) in the PKI security infrastructure.
- User Supply and Management: In order to provide users, it is to create and revoke users and their identity and access control permissions, Oracle Application Server 10G provides: Security Management Console to create user, roles, and define user identity and access control permissions; Certificate authorization to issue certificates to users; entrust management services, allow management to entrust user identity, roles, and reference to various administrators and users; and create dynamic user groups.
- Directory Services - Security Information Center Library: In order to store user and roles and the definition contents of the relevant identity and access control permissions, Oracle Application Server 10G provides Oracle Internet Directory. Oracle Internet Directory uses the information center library supported by the database for user information, with highly optimized algorithms to store large users and support various sector replication models to synchronize with other directory. It also supports an external authentication model that allows it to coexist with non-Oracle authentication services.
- Integrate with other security environments: In order for Oracle application servers to collect in multiple manufacturers, Oracle integrate many mechanisms with heterogeneous safety environment, including Windows local authentication services; Active Directory, IPlanet, OpenLDAP and Other directory servers; and the original security environment. Oracle's directory integration service is a feature of Oracle Internet Directory that supports the use of other enterprise user information center libraries. In addition, Oracle also provides directory settings.
- One-time login in the grid (SSO): Oracle also provides an enterprise disposable login service for many applications or services in the grid.
Oracle Application Server 10G security and identity management service automatically handles the user's procedure, automatically creates and deletes their identity, and automatically grands them access control permissions. These utilities reduce human costs for security management, reduce vulnerabilities, and accelerate users to access them to get licensed applications and grid resources.
Application management and monitoring
Computing grid has a large shared system infrastructure pool that supports a large number of enterprise applications and users. Service quality issues such as low performance and operational interrupts simultaneously affect a large number of users, so monitoring and managing applications in centralized and forward-looking ways in computing grids. Oracle Application Server 10g provides a number of functions for improving and automating application monitoring and management in computing grids. In addition, Oracle Application Server 10G also implements the entire lifecycle management automation of applications running on the grid.
- Configuration and Deployment: With Oracle Application Server 10G, J2EE Applications, Web Services, Portals, Forms and Reports, and Business Intelligent Applications can be one or more of the Oracle Enterprise Manager in the grid. Configuration and "hot deployment" between the server.
- Performance Adjustment and Debug: Dynamic Monitoring Services (DMS) of Oracle Application Server 10G collects resources such as CPU, memory, input and output, and performance standards such as response time, number of requests per second, and transaction throughput. DMS allows monitoring of duration and status information for the critical phase of the processing request, such as the number of requests processed within any given time. DMS flexibly provides this method without any changes to the application.
- Application Performance Monitoring: Oracle Application Server 10G and Oracle Enterprise Manager Application Performance Monitoring (APM) enables administrators to monitor applications to control the actual performance of end users, and monitor specific transaction processing in different infrastructure Time, components include: network, web server, application server, and database server. When entering and navigating a grid-based application, the administrator can first monitor their e-commerce systems and track their actual end users. The root cause analysis function supports fast and accurate diagnosis and problem, while the depth report provides the administrator with a complete view of the application performance.
- Integrated Systems and Application Monitoring: Oracle Enterprise Manager 10G Grid Control enables administrators to link monitoring and management of their applications to system infrastructures running these applications. They can define the availability standards for specific applications and bind these standards with monitoring the spreading infrastructure components to obtain the performance of the application and a comprehensive view of the availability of end users.
Grid Control allows for a root base architecture to be deepened from the Web application performance standard, which is easy to analyze the root causes of performance bottlenecks. Therefore, by applying the server and Oracle mesh control, the administrator can obtain a comprehensive integrated view of the system and applications in a place, which greatly improves the way the administrator quickly and accurately diagnose the application. This reduces human cost and human error, and improves application performance and availability. Scalability
Oracle Application Server 10g provides a number of utilities to ensure that the system and applications use existing system resources to provide maximum scalability on low-cost servers and memory. These utilities include:
- Application Server Optimization: Oracle Application Server 10G takes many optimization measures in resource storage pools, connection management, transaction management, network input and scheduling to extend the application on a single CPU or blade.
- Workload monitoring: Oracle Application Server 10G pre-installed Dynamic Monitoring Services (DMS), such service monitoring multiple Oracle application servers 10g instances, single Oracle application server 10g instance components, multiple Oracle application servers 10G applications use resources (CPU and memory). All of this can be bound to a policy reference that can be monitored by Oracle Grid Control, alerts when performance is lower than the specified domain value.
- Strategy-based workload management: Oracle Application Server 10G provides advanced workload management programs to support automatic and administrator setting workload management strategies. A variety of load balancing algorithms can be used to effectively point the workload to specific servers, application server instances, and applications. Oracle Application Server 10g automatically tracks these algorithms and recommends which is the best policy for system workloads.
- Specific Application Strategy: Oracle Application Server 10G can also provide a corresponding workload management policy according to the features of the application itself. For example, a workload management policy that is best for web applications may not be the best for high-performance transaction applications. Thus, Oracle Application Server 10G enables administrators to further optimize workload management strategies based on the categories of workloads running.
- Service Supply and Dynamic Resource Allocation: Oracle Application Server 10G also provides dynamically reconfiguring system resources and applications, enabling and disable specific components, and dynamically initiates and stops components during resource requirements. These resources can be on one or more servers (multi-nodes), and the application server will automatically track and maintain the correlation in this environment. For example, because the portal user capacity increases, it ensures that the relevant one-time login and directory service configured and started before the enterprise portal is increased.
Oracle Application Server 10G Workload Management Function provides maximum scalability using as efficient computing capacity, and it can increase the capacity when it increases at a particular system or application load. These features ensure that applications run with excellent service quality while efficiently using computational resources and capacity.
High availability
Oracle Application Server 10g provides a number of functions to ensure that systems and applications run at the highest availability on low-cost servers and memory. These features include:
- Zero Plan Downtime: This type of function will eliminate downtime when performing planned maintenance operations on the application server. These features include: scrolling upgrade, upgrade the Oracle9i application server to the Oracle application server 10g without downtime, configuring archive and flashback, and returns the configuration to a specific point to resolve artificial configuration errors.
- Zero-proof downtime: Such functions can eliminate system failures, personal downtime when people are wrong or disaster. These features include integrated processing and troubleshooting, including correlation analysis, automatic fault detection and recovery in a single server or multi-server environment; cold fault switching and activity failover clusters, these solutions can be in hardware or Automatic failover is provided when the software fails; automatic backup and recovery, providing automatic, incremental backup, and application server recovery, including recovery for software, configuration, and applications; disaster recovery, automatic creation of alternate application servers And spare databases to protect the system from affected difficulties. - Fault Switch Notice (FAN): In order to improve the high availability of the end-to-end, Oracle integrates the notification service of the fault monitoring and application server with the actual application cluster (RAC). When a RAC node fails, the Oracle Application Server receives a fault notification (FAN) event from the RAC, and then automatically switches the application server connection and workload to another activity cluster node. This reduces the total application failover time from 15 minutes to a few seconds.
In the computing grid, the workload management features of the Oracle Application Server 10G provide maximum scalability and high availability. These functions ensure that applications run as excellent service quality while using computational resources and capacities as efficiently as possible.
System management and monitoring
Finally, in order to reduce system management costs and use system capacity, system software is necessary to solve two of the two most important system monitoring and management challenges introduced by computing grid: First, resource monitoring and redistribution, ie calculative resources (such as memory and The CPU) requires effective and accurate monitoring to reduce idle capacity and optimize the availability of existing resources; in addition, computing resources require effective management and automatic control functions, thereby reducing step-by-step human cost and human interference with errors.
Due to the size, diversity, dispersibility, and constant changes in mesh calculations, it makes system management more challenging. However, in order to greatly reduce system management costs in computing grids, Oracle has enabled the automatic management characteristics of Oracle Application Server 10G to automatically handle many low-level system management tasks. In addition, Oracle has integrated the grid control of Oracle Application Server 10G and Oracle Enterprise Manager 10G, so that many servers provide unified monitoring and management.
- Status Monitoring: All services in Oracle Application Server 10G are started, stopped, and managed through Oracle Process Management and Notification Services (OPMN). OPMN provides automatic crack detection and fast restart of these services through the grid. The OPMN then supplies these statistics to grid control, so grid control provides real-time summary, and provides system availability and loss of system availability and loss of the entire grid.
- Performance and Resource Monitoring: All services in Oracle Application Server 10G have been improved so that performance and resource consumption information can be provided at any time by dynamic monitoring services (DMS). The statistical value generated by DMS and the resource from the host operating system are collected by the grid control together with the grid control. Grid Control provides overall views of real-time and historical performance of Oracle Application Server 10G history, including summary of each component performance in the process.
- Benchmark and strategy-based management: In order to reduce the need for labor-intensive management and allow administrators to intervene to fixed systems before the problem occurs, Oracle Application Server 10G and Grid Control provide users with define management policies and strategies Establish a baseline capability. For example, an administrator can establish a performance benchmark and set a threshold that alerts when the performance is below a threshold. In addition, in order to achieve these thresholds, administrators can also create and use an optimized system configuration. These reference settings can then be used as standards for creating new systems. Grid control allows users to easily define policies to establish a benchmark and monitor the system for violation of the strategy. In addition, the Oracle application server provides a number of flexible strategies, including references to these policies. This has reduced the time of administrators on diagnostic system issues. - System Notification: When a target becomes unavailable or a policy reference is broken, Oracle Application Server 10G will automatically present an alert to grid control. Then the grid control will send a notification to the correct administrator by email (including the Email-to-Page System), the SNMP Captor or by running a custom script. Grid control supports different notification mechanisms via a different notification method. A notification method is used to designate detailed information related to special notice mechanisms.
- Change tracking and management: Sometimes, administrators find that they have a responsibility to clarify why the well-operated system will suddenly perform tasks with an unacceptable level. Does anyone change the configuration parameters? Apply an operating system patch? Still delete memory? If the administrator must manually check each possible situation, try to determine how the reason for the degradation of system performance may take a few hours. Due to many nodes in the grid, it is more complicated to determine the cause of change. Grid control simplifies the determination process by tracking changes in all hardware and software installation and configuration. This allows administrators to quickly and easily check that the machine has made by the machine since the last normal operation. In addition, the flashback performance of the application server allows administrators to automatically restore the system to a primary configuration or appropriate benchmark to solve system performance issues.
- Job Scheduler: Finally, in the computing grid, administrators need to implement several daily management tasks. These tasks include: reclaiming Java virtual machines, resolving waste collection issues; restarting web servers or web caches and disk fragmentation. In order to automatically operate these tasks, Oracle Grid Control provides an integrated job scheduling program that automatically cancels specific jobs in multiple systems within a specific period of time.
Oracle Application Server 10G and Oracle Grid Control System Management Features can provide optimal quality of service at the lowest management cost in the computing grid.
As the next generation of Oracle Application Infrastructure Software Integration Suite, Oracle Application Server 10G provides users with three important advantages:
- Eliminate excess computing capacity: assign workloads to manage through automatic workloads, thereby effectively using idle calculation capacity.
- Enable standard, cheap capacity extension scheme: can increase computational capacity using low-cost standard units at any time by fast and efficient software supply.
- Large reduction of management costs: Through automatic management systems, high costs can be reduced, and there is a human interference; and through the automatic software supply and management of multiple systems, the management cost is greatly reduced.
Through these features, the Oracle Application Server 10G successfully implements running enterprise applications on low-cost servers and memory collections while significantly reducing system and application monitoring and management costs. In very high performance, scalability, and availability . (Finish)
