Second, the soldiers brilliance of copper: Wang Yang, in Bingwen, Li Li, etc., by the Toubicongrong scanning | Posted by: theoretical research (a) Blair (b) the tomb of Fu Hao weapons (three) tanks Spring and Autumn (four) car battle Five soldiers (5) "Examination" six Qi
(1) At the beginning of the year, the beginning of the branch, in the Central Plains, the first country in my country, the first country - summer. The history of the ancient weapon has also opened the new page. The bronze weapon is born. It has the unique sharpness, tough, gradually eliminated the stone, wood, bone weapon, which became the dominance of the weapon. The earliest copper tool in China is found in the Majiayn Cultural Site in Dongxiang, Gansu, from about 5,000 to four thousand years. That is some singularly cast bronze knives. In the Sanlihe Longshan Cultural Site in Shandong Jiaxian, a short brass cone was found. In the Qijia Cultural Site in Ganqing Area, such as Yongjing Qin, Yongjing, Gansu, Datun Village, Wuwei Huangqi, all find small production tools such as knives, cones, chisel, and dagger. Less length is less than 13 cm. The material has brass, with a copper volume of ninety-n.5.5 o'clock, as well as brass, bronze. Qinghai Gui Nan Mazatou has also unearthed a bronze mirror of 8 o'clock in diameter, and the mirror is cast in the seven-angle star. These small copper utensils are mostly forged, and the individual is cast after the copper is melted. They are smashed, revealing the original form of the early metal tools. Can't be used at all weapons. The use of small copper tools in the ancients is something before and after four thousand years. The earliest people know how to know the metal of copper? It is speculated that when people find the stone of the masonry, it accidentally discovered a red "stone", shining in the sun. This is the naturally occurring red bronze in nature. They took it back and knocked it, found that it had a good ductility. Tap again, and a red bronze knife is made. Although it is small, it is glanced with a bunch of stupid stone. This brass knife made with special flash "stone" has caused great vibration and guides people to explore the mystery. I don't know how much effort, people have passed the technique of using original copper alloy forging tools, and finally mastered copper, tin, lead according to different ratio of bronze. With the ignition of the bears in the bronze smelting furnace, my country's bronze era uncovered the curtain. At present, we have no luck, demonstrate the exact era of bronze smelting origin. However, in the two-year-old period of two hundred years ago, there has been the earliest casting technology than mature bronze. These bronzes are unearthed in the Silitan Site of Henan, in addition to the previous knives, cones, chisel and other small bronze tools, there is a bronze container for drinking, and the small copper bells used by the music, and there are We will discuss the bronze weapons in detail. These bronze weapons have long-range weapons, fighting weapons, grievances, and different shapes. Bronze is divided into two forms, one is a sharp round head, and the rear is sharp; a shape is quite standard, the ridge protrusion, the striker, the two wings, the back, forming a stroke, round long. You can be firmly inserted into the arrow. This copper has a strong killing force, which is more advanced. There are two kinds of bronze colors, a direct aid, a hole in the square, the shape is very like a sickle, but there is a blade. This kind of Golden is not worn, it is difficult to firmly link on the gofft, and the shape is compared. Although there is also no pop chair, Bigo is slightly narrow, and the end is bent down. Wear inner, and cast rolls. Relatively speaking, this Gord is more advanced, and the combination of the handle is prioruous. There is a trace of belt silend between and between unearthed, and you can informed that the original gob handle is about four centimeters. Go is an unique weapon in ancient my country, which is in this period, has its basic form. The bronze 戚 unearthed unearthed in the Embassy of the Embankment, a narrow, and there is a curved blade at the front end. After the body, there is a highly outstanding double manner, and in the rear, there is one side in the inside. It is a kind of cutting weapon. The bronze colors of the two-headed cultural period is the first found that the earliest bronze weapon is found.
But if it is determined that it is the earliest bronze weapon in my country, I am afraid that it is too early. It has been abused by a comparative specification, and a higher range of casting levels. In the Embarm Ruins, some of the residual blocks, copper slags and cast bronzes of the copper furnace have also been discovered, which shows that there is a certain scale of casting workshop. In the Embarm Site, the stratigraphy of the bronze weapon is the third phase of the two-nemer culture, which is equivalent to the early stage. To this end, we can boldly speculate that in the earlier summer generation, there is a bronze weapon. The summer generation "Broad" recorded by the ancient history is very likely that with the continuous development of archaeological research, I believe that the mystery of this age will unlock.
(2) Women's tomb weapons say that women are good, I am afraid that there are not many people knowing her name. She is the goddess of the Yinxu, who is not quite, amazing is that women are good. my country's history in history, the woman who can take good war. According to the backbone, she has repeatedly "eligible", "travers", "landing party", who have been to the military commander, and served as the leader of the Dashion's leading army. Take a maximum of 13,000 people. Due to the outstanding war, the prestige is very high, and she has presided over the sacrifice. This at the time, "the big thing in the country, in the", it is not only a fight, and hosted a sacrifice. It is really great. In 1976, the tomb of the historic people were discovered in the Anyang Xiaoyu, Henan, China Academy of Social Sciences. Outstanding cultural relics of more than 1,600 pieces. Don't say that the majesty of the wignity, the other bronze heavy artifacts, don't say that the graceful turquoise mosaic ivory cup and delicate and pretty people, tiger,, bird and other jade engrave, there are hundreds The bronze weapon is also sufficient to show the woman's nature and Herge Jun. Among the many weapons, the first push two pieces of bronze 钺 钺 有 有 有 有 青 钺 钺. These two pieces are approximated, and they are slightly shaped, and there are two squares in the native, and the rear work is short. A piece of body is slightly large, 39.5 cm, 37:3 cm wide, reach nine kg. Both sides of the side of the side of the tiger. Two sides of the two tigers, the huge mouth, doing the shame at any time, the middle is a round man, the grafting characteristics is approximatively. "Women" two-character text cast under the texture. Another one is 39 pm, the blade is 38 o'clock, 5 cm, and weighs 8 o'clock. Two sides cast a double dragon pattern. In addition to these two big, the women's tomb and two small bronze are unearthed. It is more than 20 cm long and more kilograms. The "release" book says, "钺, 豁." The use of Mo Dare is currently, suddenly breaking. "It can be seen, just like the jealousy, is a very powerful killing weapon. This is of course referring to the amount of bronze 钺 钺 钺 钺 重 重 重 钺. "The Book of Songs" is a poem, "... Wu Wang carrier, there is a good fortune, such as fire, then I dare ..." Use the current language to: "Tang Wang After traveler, the sharp big ax is in the hands, so that it is better to stop and fight with me? "钺 is still a kind of criminal kit, mostly used in the military trip and fights to win the prisoner, sacrifice the ancestors. As for the two parties of the nine kilograms, it has been a horrible pattern pattern. When it is used, it symbolizes women's power, and Weiyi. In the tomb of the woman, it is also unearthed with ninety-one bronze spears, six bronze bows and thirty-seven-seven-two bronze. The copper bow is 30 to 40 cm, the middle is a curved flat broadband copper, and each end has a detachable arm, and the arm is cast into a snake head or a horse head shape. When the bow is not used, the bow is often removed, and the bow is called. Relaxing the bow, the bow is reversed, in order to protect the bow, tap the bow in the middle of the bow. This bronze bow is widely popular in business emilings, and it is still in the early days of the west, and will gradually be replaced by other textural bow. The bronze 镞 is mainly the kind of ridge flat foil, but increase the angle of the two wings, cast the blood tank on the wing, and the wings are more sharp, so the killing is even greater. Women's tomb is just a piece of Wangling in Yin, in other mausoleum, unearthed bronze weapons are also very amazing. For example, Houjiazhuang is a top tomb, light is in the tomb, and it is unearthed from the seventy-two pieces of Qing bronze. Comprehensive information, you can know that the military's weapons and equipment have progressed.
Long-fire weapons have bows and arrows; close-fighting weapons have Gobs, spears, and a small amount of sorrow, 钺,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Short sword, knife, etc. Compared with the two, the striker is more sharp, the upper and lower edges have a certain radians, and the killing power is enhanced; in order to combine with the 柲, the sidebar of the protrusions in the aid and the gate; in order to increase the contact of the gates Face, rendering to the gutut in the Golden, and open the opening. The bronze big knife has a length of 80 cm, the blade is ponded, the knife is horses, the thick carrier, the backshoot, it seems to be used on the wooden handle. The bronze is about 20 cm high and weighs about two kilograms. There is a ridge in the middle of the 胄, the top is erected with the round tube, which is placed in an ascendender, and the front is cast in the front, and the three sides of the left and so outward, it is used to protect the neck and cheeks. In the middle, it may be lined with a weapon fabric or wear outside the head. In summary, the tomb of the woman is simply called the ancient weapon museum. From this, we can imagine, women are good - a heroic female handsome is a master of thousands of people, the top helmet, the hand-held bronze, the spear, the big knife warrior is trapped, the horse is like the wind, the chariot is like Thunder, the glow of the weapon, the moon, the warrior's shouts are deafening, the enemy is smelling ...
(3) The chariot spring and autumn "Fuck Wu Ge is being lined by rhinoceros, the car is wrong with the hunters. When the day, the Japanese enemy will fight, but the sang is in the first. Right blade injury. The two rounds of the four horses, help the jade? (Left wooden right package) 鸣 鼓. Tiantiao Wei Wei fury, strictly killing the wilderness. Do not go to not return, the plains The road is super long. The long sword is 挟 秦 秦, the first is not punished ... "This is the elegy of the patriotic poet in the Warring States Period, the patriotic poet Qu Yuan, sacrificed the death of the soldiers -" National ". Mr. Guo Morui translated it into a vernacular poem. Since the first, no one will make it. The battle is rushing, the car is on the four horses, one is injured. I buried two wheels, I don't quit the horse's head, and the battle drums winter and the winter, the ghosts, the ghosts, the ghosts, the ghosts Do not stay, die in the terrace. There is no income, there is no way to returne, the battlefield is far away, the body is in a different place, the enemy will never change: still hold the bow and sword ... "(see" Ionic Collection · Qu Yuan Yuen Translation "). "National Harmony" depicts a quite tragic car battle, the hub is interlaced, the lamon is lifted, the horse is destroyed, the warrior is killed, but still holding the sword, death. The three martons in the chariot, the blood, the blood is fighting, and it can be sail. The use of military cars has been the main form of the war in the pre-Qin period. This seems to be traced back to the end of the business. He has discovered the 16th car horse in Henan, Henan, unearthed 18 carriages. These vehicles are wooden, which have long been decayed, but it can still be seen that their shape is a single buffet. The car (car box) is square, and the latter is open, the car is set to the axle, two wheels. There are 18 to twenty-six spokes on the wheel, one hundred and twenty-two to 147 cm, the front end is tied, and the yoke is set, yoke down the horse. These eighteen cars, except for a four-horse car, the rest of the two horses. In these car horspits, some have also buried the number of weapons, but the car's shape is not different from the car of the solder. Or can be considered that this time the chariot and ride, the car in the suburbs is not clearly divided. From the Tomb of the Tomb of the Yanyu, the Tomb of the Tomb of the Tomb of the Tomb, in addition to burial, the three warrs on the chariot and their own weapons. The first set of weapons have bows and arrows, the bow is decay, and the bronze bow and jade jade are left. The arrows and arrows of the arrow are also decay, only one group of bronze and stone horses, each group of ten. There is also a bronze colore, a piece of Shi Ge, Goymine, and the hair loss of the shield, and the rival of the Shoushou bronze short knife. This group of weapons is dominated by fighting weapons. The second set also has a bow and copper bows that have been destroyed, as well as two groups of two-group bronze, and a bronze coloss with a knockover with a bronze short knife. This weapon is based on long-fire weapons, which is prepared for the archers on the chariot. The third set of weapons only have a bronze bullhead short knife for anti-body for anti-body, and there is a horse policy. It seems that the main task of the owner of this weapon is to drive the horse. When you don't have a good time, you don't directly wavate the weapons. These three sets of different weapons reflect the combination of occupants and weapons of the business truck. On a chariot, it is generally equipped with a bow archer, a fighting warrior and a hand. Due to the needs of the car battle, it promotes the improvement of the business weapons. The Ho's handle is expected to be extended by the Yang's early infantry, and is equipped with more long-range weapons - bow and arrow. However, compared with the special chariot after Zhou and the weapons that were equipped with the weapons of the battle, were still in the primitive stage. The Shang Dynasty has raised a agricultural section - Zhou.
At the eleventh year of Wu Wang, I took a chaos in the Shang Dynasty, and I was taking the troops. In February, the morning, in the early morning, to the commercial industry (now Henan, the county), will hear,,,? (Upper lacker), micro, Peng, Zhuhou's soldiers, if they want to lift Ge, spear , Listed by a dry shield, a swearing, crusade, "Siki Road, with Zhang Wei." If they want to work together, heroic combat, obey discipline, battle, six steps seven steps, front and back; six hits seven hits, Contact. Otherwise, severely punishment. This is the famous "soup" on "Shang Shu". Wang Wang Wen Zhou Bing came, temporarily patching soldiers, together with prisoners of war, seventy people in the enemy. Although Wu Wang led the week, although the number of people is small, it is well trained, ready to be fully. The first division of the master, the parent led Bailu to attack the army's forward, then adopted the central breakthrough, the thief, the tactics of the thief, with a three hundred and fifty battles, the elite army of 20,000 arbitraries, straightforward Wang's Chinese army. Shangyu Wang's army did not train, and there was no fight, and many soldiers were inverting the way to open the road. From the morning to the evening, Shangyi Wang completely defeated, escaped back to the song, and defeated the defeat. In Chinese history, the Shang dynasty, who has been ruled for six hundred years, is dying. Muski, in addition to politics, economic strength, Wu Wang's chariot force is an important factor in determining victory. A chariot is a battle fortress. The warrior on the car can waise from the top and wag, and the hacking hook. Each of this chariot is a good protective barrier. The warrior on the car can protect yourself with the car and kill the enemy. If hundreds of battles are listed into the army forward, then the thrill of the floods is difficult to resist the miles of the merchants. Therefore, the chariot is the main force of the battle, and a strong strength of a country is also measured by the number of chariots. This is essential from the west, Spring and Autumn, and even the Warring States. As the scale of war, the number of battles used is increasing, the shape of the chariot, the weapon equipment on the car has also improved and increased. In the 28th year of Spring and Autumn (the first six or two years), Jin Chu two countries in the city battle, Jin State dispatched a chariot for seven hundred, which is twice as many of the number of battles in Wu Wang, Cheng Gong 2 years ( The first five hundred and nine years), Jin Guo has played with Qi Guo, and Jin State dispatched eight hundred passengers. After sixty years, I have arrived in the first five or nine years in the BC. In order to show off my own force, Jin Guo's review of the Forces in the country, and listed four thousand multiplication of the chariot, the quantity is more than ten times more than the first battle. . The information on the Western Zhou period is found in Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong's car horspit. This period is basically similar to the structure of the business car. It is still a single square bicycle, but the two-wheel rail width is reduced, the rock is short, so it is more spiritual; the spokes of the wheel plus the car is more robust . The car was pulled by four horses, the middle of the two "clothes horses", two on both sides "骖 马". The number of horses increased, which enhances the speed and impact force of the car. The weapons used on the chariot are still long-fired bows, fighting, spears, 钺, etc. The bronze of the west week, the blood tank is grinded on the two wings, and the stripping of the two wings is more sharp. The bronze peppets of the short tap, in order to better fix the Goba, cast from the upper side of the apime, which is the unique characteristics of the Western Zhou Tonggu. In the later period, there is still a long Hu I wear, three wear, four wear. At the same time, there is a new weapon that combines spear and Gobs. Before the liberation, the Tomb of Xincun Ximei, Henan Province, has a bronze, overall with a cross, the upper end of the Gole reached a tip knife-shaped sharp, the side of the sideware, the rear of the bullion, this is one The piece of gob is the body.
There is also a whimpete with spear, and is added to the side of the spear. Whoever can not just hook like Gio, but also a foresternect, the functions of both. In the weapon weapon, the bronze short knife of Shang Drago is replaced by a more practical bronze sword. At this time, the bronze sword cannot be compared to the sword used in the Warring States Period. The sword is shorter, there is a willow, no swords. Stems slots narrow. The length is only 30 centimeters. The short sword in the west of Gansu Lingtai Baisepo, the short sword in the bronze sword sheath, the sword is sharp, the sharp, the sword, the sword is broken, the sword oscillate snake, cow pattern, very beautiful, distributed The breath of the nomads of the north. The West Zhou's shield has improved in the business generation, especially the bronze member - shield bubbles increased significantly, increased. The shields, unearthed from Hejia Village, Shaanxi, 30 cm, 37 cm wide, shackled like a double eye, and the animal face of the blood pot, it is enough to wear the enemy, and win people. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the horse war owner slaughtered the battlefield, and each battle was less than it. As mentioned earlier, the battle of Jinqi in the first five or nine BC can help us understand the situation of the car battle, please briefly introduce it. After the two armies listed, the Jin army took the coach, and Zheng Qi slowly used the car right and united the car. Qi Jun Qi Hou is the coach, and the ugly is the army and right, and the summer is Qi Hou. The battle begins, Qihou is full of people, the horse is not taking the armor, drive the car. Jin Guo coach but was injured by the arrow, and blood flowed on the shoes. Right Zhengqiu slowly swing, in a danger, immediately jumped to take the car. The royal hand is also injured by the arrow, and the blood is reddish, but it is not very liking. It is used to pull the horse with the left hand, and the right hand will drive the drum. The defeat is Qi Qi, and it has been chasing Qi Qi to stop around the mountain. From this description, three warriors on the chariot, both their own positions, and they must cooperate with each other. What is the game in this period? The underground archaeological discovery is the most intuitive. Twenty-five cars unearthed in the three cars in the Trumpet, the Trumpet, the Tsunxia, Henan. However, the more clear battle is a four-cart car in the Haiyang Majoi 2nd Car. This car is also a horses, the car is a horizontal length. After the door is opened, the front and solest of the car is reinforced with the bronze piece, the hub is very long, and the hub is reinforced with four copper hoops. There are copper pillars in both corners of the car. There is a copper inserted on both sides, and there is an elliptical tubular unit for insert weapons. This chariot is a chariot in the Warring States late Chu State. Because it is a wooden car, it has been decayed, and the detachable structure is difficult to see. In 1980, Linyi, Linyi, Shaanxi, unearthed two copper horses, one of which is a car, with the characteristics of a car, which helps us understand the topography of ancient chariot. This passenger is a horse car, four horses and horses are standing in front of the car. Car alone? (Left car right boat), horizontal square car, behind the door, the fence is full of clouds. Royal officials stand in the car, wearing a high crown, wearing a double-layer long, the lumbar tape is obliquely inserted. He is concentrated, his arms are forebad, and both hands have tightly hold the rope, and do their duty to guard the Qin Shihuang guard for more than 2,000 years. The Royal Officer is standing by a car. This copper horse passed from the horse head to the car tail, from the bottom of the car, from the bottom of the car, the top of the car is 52 meters, if the proportion of the one is calculated, the original chariot is four o'clock Rice, high three o'clock. Like all the battles, all kinds of weapons are also equipped with all copper cars. In the left side of the car, a copper is obliquely, and the copper scorpion racks on the silver "polarizer" in the miles of miles. A cylindrical monk is welded to the front of the left side of the car and is very close to the copper distance.
In order to store more arrows, there is a larger symbol in the front of the car. Sixty-six arrows are distributed in these two MSI. There is a hill-shaped copper plate on the front end of the right side of the car, and the panel is inserted with a double-arc-shaped copper shield with a copper plate. These kinds of weapons,, arrows are prepared for the left shots, and the shield is prepared for the fighting warriors for the car, and the lack is a handle (spear). This copper horse is painted, four horses, the carriage is made of milky white as the ground, painted red, green, black, and purple geometric pattern, roll cloud lines, the 官 襦 襦 襦 绿, inner layer pink, crown The neckline is white. The whole is dominated by cold color, and the gas is killed. "Book of Songs, Qin Feng, Xiaoyu" is a poem with praise of Qin State. This poem is soon as soon as Qin Yongzheng, thanks to Qin Shihuang for more than 500 years, it can be seen that Qin Bingqiang Ma Zhuang, Yuanyuan. After the chariot arrived in Spring and Autumn, due to the difference in the tasks in the war, there were different forms, named different battles, flexible and lightweight, suitable for the "light car" of the attack, there is a horse pickup, car? (Left car right boat) reinforced with copper hoop, heavy end, plus blade car? (Wiring "in the car is used to trap the attack; there is also a" 旄 "," 旄 ", the command car - 路: To observe the enemy's virtual" nest "; and use to defense "Apparatus", "Yoke? (Left car right) car", load a heavy "big car", "cypress", "Guangzhou car". When the chariot battle, you must cooperate with the infantry. According to the study of Yang Yingjie, west, the early Spring and Autumn Period, one by one battle car is equipped with the seven people, fifteen people. After the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, it is often a combination of seventy-two walks in the battle. A big battle requires many chariots. This large-scale group is fighting, and the commander must have a high command to pay attention to the formation and group array. The formation is required according to the battle, or the two teams, or three teams, or multiple teams. Each team is called "partial", which is biased in five, nine, fifteen, twenty-five multiplier. The group array must be based on the Tianxian, you must know yourself, the length of your own, the shortness of the enemy, emphasize the multi-team coordination, and support each other. The names of the array have squares, geese arrays, fish, four, eight arrays. The wheel of the chariot has grown over hundreds of years of smoke, and the trails are all over the Central Plains, which has created Wu Wang, Jiang Shang, Chunqiu five-security, and hegens, and also crushed many weak princes. After the mid-Warring States medium period, due to the emergence of iron weapons, the changes in the warfare, the chariot gradually withdraws from the big stage of the war.
(4) The five soldiers of the car battle have a strong and practical chariot, but also a well-textured weapon. "Zhou Li, Si Bing" said, "Military, Five Wars". The so-called "five soldiers of the car" is the five weapons necessary for the car, what kinds of specifically? Ancient coming is different. "Examination" records as "Gao, 殳,, Emirate". But these are all long weapons, which are too monotonous. It is still a short-range weapon, and the archaeological information is not comparable. When Qu Yuan's "Guozheng" was in the same time, the weapon used in the car war in the car, there was rhinoceros, Wu Ke (a shield), Qin bow, long sword, flag, mens. "Five Classics" said that the five soldiers are "spears, swords, shields, bow", these kinds of weapons are long, I am afraid more practical. The reasonable car battle five soldiers should include three types of weapons mentioned earlier, especially after the spring and autumn, these three types of weapons are more perfect. The archaeological information discovered underground also confirmed this. Hunan Changsha Liucheng Bridge No.1 Spring and Autumn Tomb and the trajectory of the wagon with a group of bronze weapons, long-fire weapons have bows. It is three bamboo bow unearthed, and there are about 3 meters long, and the eight arrows of eight full length is inserted in a bamboo argrier. The fighting weapon is the gob, the spear, and these goburs are also well preserved. It is the use of arrogant, and there is a two-point and three minutes, which should be used by the drum. Survey weapons are bronze swords, 50 cm long. The car war weapon unearthed from Zeng Hou Bi, Hubei Province, and the fighting weapon, and the protective instrument has a set of paint-paint-painted leber, leather, Hubei Xiangfan Bao Musche, the veteran. The battle of the chariot, asking for the bow power, shooting far, arrow more sharp, so that the enemy can be effectively killed in a farther distance. For the fighting weapon, one is required to be sharp, and the other is that there is a certain length, and it is tough and difficult to break. According to archaeological materials, generally the chariot is about three meters, driving the horse, from the horse head to the tail length of more than three meters. The Qin Shihuangling No. 1 copper, the whole length of four o'clock, when the two chariots are in pairs, there will be at least four meters from the car and the car, the longest fighting weapon in the hands of the warrior is also difficult to hurt. And the other party, only with the bow and arrows. Two cars wrong hub, then the two cars are around a little six meters, and the car must start to attack each other, so that the handle of the fighters will be long. According to the archaeological information, the spear of the long three meters, Gobei is suitable for the needs of the car battle. "Examination, 人" cloud: "All soldiers have no three sides, after three, Villa can use it." That is to say, the length of the fighting weapon, within three times the person, otherwise, unbearable application. The long-fire arrow is early in the primitive society, but the bow is a monomer bow, making a hunting tool. When I arrived in Spring and Autumn, I used a compound bow. The part of the bow has a dedicated name. The middle hand of the bow is called "弣", the two ends are called "", the upper clamp, the jade, copper, and the horny attachment is called "弭", "弭" In order to hidge the string called "drive? (Left left right area)", from the bodies of the boss to the "Yuan". The various princes of the Spring and Autumn Warring States have strongly developed the bow and arrows to prepare for the battle. To date, the bow is the best, the best, the best, the best. The bow unearthed from the Spring and Queen Chu Chu Chu Chu Chu Chu Chu Chu, the top of the four bamboo slices, and the topical columns were wrapped, and the silk was densely entangled. Angle-angled bow, 弭 驱 驱? (Zo Zi, right area), the bow string is made of yellow silk rope. The bow is a little bit six meters long. Hubei Jiangling vita shop has been unearthed with a monomer wood bow, a little bit six nine meters, bows twentger twentger. External paint and painted pattern. These two bows are used on the chariot. After the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a new weapon with bronze components as a launch.
Its power is larger, the range is farther. At this time, most of the arrows were a triangular arrow, which was extremely penetrated, and it was one step over the two-handed biam. In the fighting weapon, Gob, spear is still the most commonly used weapon, but has improved a lot. The Hu Dagong, the side of the apime, and the side can be securely fixed, and the ridges in the middle of the Gobi are triangular. In the early days of the Warring States, Gobo gradually narrowed and on the front of the front. The tubular portion of the spear is extended, and the nail hole can be pinned and fixed. In the Tomb of Zeng Hou, there is still a kind of nuts that have one or two non-inner doors under the bodies and copper with pointers and tattoo. They are very long. After the Spring and Autumn, the fighting weapon is generally made, the middle is a wooden core, with a dozen a dozen, twenty bamboo is a layer or two layers, and then wrapped in silk fabric or silk. Lacquer. "The stream" is flexible and rich, and it is not easy to break in the battle. The changes in swords in this period are also very large, mostly the column ridge sword, the sword ridge, the sword neck is cylindrical, and the biscuits are headed. The sword is significantly longer, up to 60 centimeters. Such swords can not only thorns, but also cut, actual combat functions are enhanced. Some sword casting is well, especially the hook of the king, and there are at home and abroad. In addition to the general chariot, there is also a commandless vehicle, the car is obliquely inserted, and the car will be owned by the golden drum that will command the battle. "Zuo Chuan · Sorrow 2 years" records a quite interesting story, "Tie's battle" But still drums, today my credit is the greatest. "His car is no secret and the right guards are not weak, and each tells his own credit. Jin, Qi Zhi, the promotion will be injured by the army. It is still not only, and the Royal hand is taking a hand, and the drums will be hit by one hand. It can be seen that the role of the commander and the flag drum cannot be ignored.
(5) "Examination" Six Qi Spring and Autumn Warring States, is the peak period of bronze weapons. The bronze sword, there is "water trial and break the geese, the land trial is broken"; the bow is six system; the arrow is more sharp. "Zuo Chuan Zhaogong twenty-six years" records Lu Zi's nose war, Qi State will be rushed to the enemy and Lu Guofeng, the arrow, the excitement, the excitement, this arrow From the chariot driving horse? (The left car is in the right sentence), and the shield three inch is injected. The ventilation also retired an arrow, and the horse was shot, and the horse was shot. It can be seen that the power of the bows of the two countries of Qi Lu. In 1965, the "Yue King Harmony", "Yue Wang Huanji" unearthed in Jiangling Valent, Hubei, shining like a new, Jian Feng, slightly arc, blade, sharp, sword, black diamond, dull, past Wrong two lines of bird worms, book inscription, "Yue Wang Die (Pi), since then, use 鐱 ()." Jian Ge casts the ginger, and embedded with turquoise and blue glass round stalks, round swords, all Five fifty centimeters long. This sword copper tin is equipped, and the felt is extremely sharp, the rhombus pattern of the sword is copper sulfide, and the gold inlaid is a comprehensive crystallization of various advanced processes. Later, the sword of the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors, in order to improve the slashing performance of the sword, the sword ridge, Jian Feng is cast twice in different proportions of copper tin. First, according to 90% of copper, it is tiered in the ratio of ten percent of the proportion of tenth, and then cast the sword in another proportion. After the sword is finished, the chromium salt is treated. Therefore, the sword is flexible, the sword blade is not easy, and it is not easy to roll, and the long-term light is flourishing, and the cold is forced. The excellent weapon is sight, indicating the advanced level of smelting level at the time. During the Spring and Autumn Period, mining, smelting, and casting have been clear division. Hubei Yellowstone Copper Green Mountain Ancient Copper Mine Site, ancient mine remains, mining tools, have also discovered about 40 tons of refining-discarded slag, accordingly, the red bronze refined at the time reached 40,000 tons. Shanxi Hou Ma Jinguo has a cast copper site of 20,000 square meters and found that more than 30,000 pieces of casting were found. According to the unearthed Tao Virgin, it is a comprehensive casting workshop for casting trillips, weapons, tools, trains and currencies. This large-scale bronze casting industry is a prerequisite for the use and continuous improvement of bronze weapons. Different kinds of weapons, because different uses, the raw materials used in casting are also different, and the Spring and Autumn Smemithmatic Master has mastered the technology. Record books from "Examination". The book is speaking, the casting bronze has "six Qi" "" six points, the gold and Xijunyi, the one is said to be smashed; five points of gold and Xiji, the ax; quad) Residential one, it is said that Gobia is Qi; three points for gold and Xijunyi, it is said that the big blade is uniform; five points of gold and Siju two, the graft killing; gold, tin half, The 燧 齐. "In the above" Six Qi ", the remaining four thousands of weapons are said to be weapons. Making an ax, copper tin ratio is five to one to four more, that is, the content of tin accounts for 16% to 77%; Gobo's ratio is three to four more The tin content accounts for 12% to 15%; the ratio of the big blade is two to one to three more, and the tin content accounts for 33.3% of the twenty-five%; The yet is from 40% to 20% in three to 2-55%. According to the measurement, the higher the content of tin, the greater the hardness, and more crisp, and the most determined part of the tin containing seventeenth to 20%, so from cutting, killing, saving the big blade, smashing, Ho, ax, and tin containing are different. "Six Qi" in the Examination Structure guarantees the quality of the bronze weapon, which has universal guiding significance for casting other bronze. Detailed regulations on the selection of the bow in the "Examination of the Bowman". Manufacturing a bow, need dry, angle, gluten, glue, silk, and lacquer.
