Abstract: Learning and Applying ISO 9000 is to conduct quality certification, and the knowledge of quality certification will be briefly introduced. Mainly include: quality certification concept, why should we have quality certification, quality certification procedures, software companies to establish ISO 9000 quality management system and software companies ISO 9000 quality management system certification related knowledge. I hope that through a brief introduction to the knowledge here, you can increase the knowledge of the majority of Crypere, broaden your thinking, and take the power to successfully. Thank you. Keywords: system analyst part counseling ISO 9000 basic system review 1, what is quality certification? Quality certification is also a qualified assessment, which is an effective way to manage product quality internationally. Quality certification is divided into product quality certification and quality system certification by certification; can be divided into security certification and qualified certification according to the role of authentication. Product quality certification refers to the activities of the corresponding standards and corresponding technical requirements based on the product standards and corresponding technical requirements, certified and certification marks to prove that certain products meet the corresponding standards and corresponding technical requirements. That is to say, the product quality certification is a specific product including services. The certification basis or the conditions for certification are the quality of the product (service) to meet the requirements of the designated standard. The quality system must meet the designated quality assurance standard requirements, which proves that the certification certificate is issued by the product certification certificate and certification mark. Its authentication marks can be used to approve certified products. There are two kinds of product quality certification: one is safety product certification, which enforces certification through legal, administrative regulations or regulations; the other is a voluntary verification of qualified certification, whether to apply for certification, and is determined by the company. The quality system certified to certification is the quality system of the company, or is the quality assurance capacity of the company. The certified or approved conditions is the condition of the certification. It is the quality system of the enterprise to meet the quality assurance standards of the application, namely GB / T19001-IS09001 or GB / T19002-IS09002 or GB / T19003-IS09003 and the necessary supplemental requirements. Proved by approved certification is to issue a quality system certification with an authentication mark. But the certificates and tags cannot be used on the product. Quality system certification is voluntary. Whether it is product quality certification, or quality system certification is a third party to engage in activities, ensuring authentication. Safety certification has implemented mandatory supervision and management in my country. The certification of mandatory supervision and management is the certification of law, administrative regulations or joint regulations. Any product that is a mandatory certification, and companies must obtain certification and use the certification body to send a specific authentication mark on the factory qualified product or in its packaging. Otherwise, it is not allowed to produce, sell or import and use. Because such products involve the safety of the people and users of the people and the property. Compulsory supervision management of electrical products on safety certification has been executed. On September 5, 1992, 10 units such as the Ministry of Technical Supervision, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Materials, Machinery and Electronics Industry, the Ministry of Light Industry, in accordance with the "Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China" and "Regulations on the Quality Certification Management of the People's Republic of China" , Jointly issued the "Notice on Implementing Safety Supervision and Management", "Notice", pointed out: Electric Products Carrying Safety Certification is the mandatory national standard of equivalent transformation of international electrician committee (1EC) safety standards and The industry standard is based. Certifications carried out according to such standards must carry out mandatory supervision and management, and such products that have not been securely certified, they are not allowed to be factory, sold, imported, and use. Voluntary certification, including quality system certification and non-secure product quality certification, this voluntary reflection is: corporate voluntary decision-making application quality certification; enterprises voluntarily choose a certified authority recognized by the state, should not have departmental and local restrictions; Enterprise independent choice of certification standards, you can choose from three quality assurance mode standards for GB / T19000-IS09000 standards, but when specific choices, enterprises and certification agencies should use which standard used as a basis for authentication Common comments. The selected quality assurance mode should be appropriate and will not mislead the supplier's customers.
In addition, in product quality certification, the certification site audit is generally based on ISO9002, and the product standards for certification products should be international standards and industry standards to international levels. When a company selection system certification body, companies should generally consider four factors: authority, price, customer's business scope of the certification body. Authority refers to the visibility and impact of the system certification body. At present, domestic certification agencies charge (audit fees) around 30,000 yuan. In addition, it is necessary to consider whether the selected system certification body is accepting the customer, usually, the customer has no requirements for the selection system certification body without country, industrial or region, but nor does it deny that some customers have a specific requirement, so When choosing a certification body, it should also be used if necessary to consult the customer's expectations and requirements. Finally, the business scope of the certification body should also be considered, the certification body must be effective within the business scope identified by the National Accreditation Committee, and the certification of this range is invalid. Second, why should we properly certify, implement the GB / T19000-ISO 9000 national standard, carry out quality certification, a hot topic of economic and corporate community, in fact, the quality certification has been previously, it is the product of the market economy. In 1903, the first world in the world's first world is used to meet the standard certification, which is a famous "BS" logo or called "kite sign" and has been using it so far. Since the quality certification is a third-party intermediary that is independent of the first party (supplier) and the second party (buyer), a uniformity of the authority certificate is issued for the product's compliance with the requirements of the product. The scientific quality system, in line with the market economy, can bring direct economic benefits to both parties, so they are quickly accepted by the society. In the 1950s, all industrial developed countries will basically become in the 1970s, Developing countries have also been promoted. But there is another tendency, that is, some countries use quality certification as a technical barrier, hindering commodities in other countries flow into their own country, implement trade protection. In order to eliminate such trade technology barriers, international inter-international interaction, enabling quality certification, and promote quality certification. Some people call quality certification is a pass of goods into the international market. According to certain regulations, quality certification activities can be carried out to reduce repetitive inspections and review, reduce costs, and become an effective means of promoting trade. However, if it does not add specifications, it will become a technical barrier that hinders trade. Certification is a major measures to implement the strategic approach to the economic development of "winning". Recently, some economists predict: this century is a production rate at the century, the next century will be the quality century. Many countries in the world have implemented development high-tech and high quality products as strategic measures to compete for the international market. Our party and national leaders have always attached importance to product quality work. He has made important instructions and inscriptions on quality work. The central idea is that product quality reflects national quality, and we must implement quality in the national economic development strategy. Certification is the foundation of creating a brand name, promoting corporate culture, quality culture. The brand is gradually formed on the basis of high quality products that have sustained stable production in long-term production. To achieve this, there must be the foundation of "hardware", and "software" guarantee. The company establishes quality management and quality assurance system in accordance with GB / T19000 standard, and the certification work is to improve the best way to improve "hardware" and "software". As long as each employee is generated according to the quality system, it can ensure the stability of the product quality, it can achieve high efficiency, and enterprises can develop. The name brand is the most important and reliable way to turn high quality products into high-quality products under the conditions of market economy. In turn, the brand name has also become a quality system, the most important way to produce high quality products, and it is complementary.
Enterprises have passed the relevant certification bodies of the state, certified certificates and product certification marks, and announced in the newspapers and periodicals, improved the visibility of the company, and exchanged reputation, and the name of the name has hope. Enterprises gain certification certificates and certification markers, is an important manifestation of corporate culture and quality culture. Strive to obtain certification markers, produce high quality products, not only material results, but also the spirit of the spirit, is the crystallization of corporate culture. The certification work is the performance of the company's pursuit of progress, civilization, reflecting the corporate image, the spirit of the nation, providing consumers to provide material and cultural spirit, each employee can also achieve their own ideals and beliefs, so it can stimulate employees The sense of responsibility and mission, professionalism and self-motivation, enhanced cohesiveness, and form a strong enterprise spirit pillar. Therefore, carrying out certification and creative brand is the best carrier for corporate culture and quality culture. Third, the implementation of quality system certification my country's quality system certification can be divided into the following four phases: (1) Application. Applicants (such as enterprises) make written applications to the system certification body in accordance with the prescribed content and formats, and submit the quality manual and other necessary information. The content of the quality manual should be able to confirm the requirements of its quality system to meet the quality assurance standards (GB / T19001 or 19002 or 19003). Which system certification body is applied by the application by the applicant. The system certification body made a decision to accept the application within 60 days from the date of receipt of the certification application, and inform the applicant in writing; if the application should be explained, the reason is not allowed. (2) System review. The system certification body assigns document review and on-site review of the quality system of the application. The purpose of the document review is mainly to review the requirements of the quality manual submitted by the applicant to meet the requirements of the quality assurance standards; if it is not satisfied, the audit team needs to be proposed to the applicant, which is clarified, supplemented or modified by the applicant. On-site review only when the document review is passed. The main purpose of the on-site audit is to collect the requirements of the quality of the quality system by collecting objective evidence, confirming that the level of quality assurance standards meets the requirements of quality assurance standards, and submit an audit report to the system certification body. The official member of the Audit Group should be a registered auditor, at least one registered director reviewer; if necessary, technical experts can assist the audit work. (3) Approval issuance. The system certification body reviews the audit report submitted by the Audit Group, and issued a system certification to the applicant for three years to the applicant's approval requirements. The system certification body should publish the registration list of the certificate holder, and its content should include the number of the registered quality assurance standards and their aging and the covered product range. Provide trust in the quality assurance capacity of registry to register the registered units through registration names to register the registration units, so that the registration unit get more orders. (4) Supervision and management. There are several regulations for the supervision and management of the approved certification: 1, the use of the logo. The holder of the system certification shall use its dedicated sign according to the provisions of the system certification body, and the logo shall not be used on the product to prevent the customer from mistakenly believe that the product is approved. 2, notification. The authority of the certificate changes its certified audit, and should change the system certification body in time. The system certification body determines whether it needs to be re-evaluated according to the specific situation. 3, supervise the review. The system certification body conducts at least one supervision audit on the quality system of the certificate holder to continue its quality system. 4. The supervision after the supervision. With the supervision and review of the quality system of the certificate holder, it is confirmed that its system continues to meet the requirements of the regulations, it maintains its certification. If it is confirmed that its system does not meet the requirements, it will depend on the severity of its non-conformity, and the system certification authority decides to suspend the use of certification certificates and logos or revocation certification, and recover their system certification. 5, certificate. During the validity period of the certificate, if you encounter a standard change, or the scope of the system certification changes, or the certificate holder can apply for a reimbursement certificate, the certification body determines the necessary supplementary audits. 6, log out of the certificate.
During the validity period of the certificate, due to the system certification rules or system standards or other reasons, the holder of the certificate is unwilling to maintain its certification, the system certification body should recover its certification and cancel the certification qualification. Fourth, why is software companies to establish an ISO 9000 quality management system? Software is the core of information technology. The quality of software products directly affects the reliability and safe operation of the national economic information system and international equipment system. In the fierce competition in domestic and foreign software markets, the improvement of software quality has become a key issue of survival and development of software companies, software companies are working Summary in software quality issues must be recognized: 1. The features of the software itself and the current software development model make it impossible to hide the quality defects hidden in the software. This includes: software demand blur and demand change, from the fundamental The quality of the software product is currently widely used by the manual development method of the software products, it is difficult to avoid the exit of each link during the development of the error software, and there is no need to ensure that the security software test technology has a non-overcoming defect. It is impossible to test the software's defects. exclude. 2. It is very limited in technology to solve software quality problems. Can't find an ideal software development technology to fundamentally prevent people's understanding of software quality, the metrics of software quality is still in primary stage 3. The technician and managers still have some incorrect in software development. The awareness needs to be corrected, which needs to be resolved in the process of establishing and implementing a quality system. 4. The quality management of most software companies has not yet received their attention, they need to earnestly summarize the lesson and penetrate it into the quality system to form an institutionalization. 5. Software development must rely on strengthening management to implement engineering, quality management should be embodied in the establishment and implementation of development specifications, and ensure that the various steps of software engineering and the work of various positions meet the requirements, and even if the product has problems in use. It can also be found in time and resolved in time. In short, these awareness will ultimately be embodied in the establishment and implementation of the ISO 9000 quality management system, and strive for quality certification. In addition, software companies implement ISO 9000 certification also have many benefits to strengthening national defense cooperation, improving corporate comprehensive image, and expanding market share. 5. Software companies ISO9000 quality management system certification software companies implement ISO 9000 quality management system certification, and should choose the quality assurance mode standard ISO9001. ISO 9000-3 is implemented as a software company implements ISO 9001 quality assurance model standards, through development of software products from market surveys, demand analysis, software design, coding, testing, etc. until it is sold as commodity software, and the installation and maintenance The process is controlled to ensure the quality of software products. The ISO 9000 standard is now widely adopted by software companies, and it is used as a basis for establishing a corporate quality system. 1. Is the ISO9000 relationship CMM has a difference between the ISO9000 similar effects? Comparison of ISO9000 and CMM as follows:
Compare ISO 9000-1994 2000 ISO / DIS9001 CMM management system emphasizes the complete organizational system to establish organizational management that meets ISO9000 management emphasizes the complete organizational system, which can be used to establish organizational management of ISO9000 management itself to management system There is no clear request, the default organizational system is effective and sound. The management of the management process management process management process management process management process management process management process management technology management process emphasizes the management of each link, but the management management responsibility of the entire process emphasizes macro management to emphasize macro management Responsibilities Emphasize the duty document system of different roles in project management into organizational layer (normative) documents and project layer files, and divides file system into quality manuals, program documents, and job instructions, and clarified into organizational layer (specification) Document and project layer files, and divide the file system into quality manual, program documentation, and job guide. It is clear that all documents have weakened data analysis, and the measurement is emphasized in quantitative process management (KPA). All industries, but the applicability of the software industry is not strong enough, no need for all industries on the scale of the enterprise, but the applicability of the software industry is not strong enough, no large software enterprises (more than 500 people) is not required, for 500 people Small and medium-sized enterprises need to cut management philosophy to improve product quality with customer satisfaction as the target evaluation contractor's software mature ability configuration management weak weak and strong demand management emphasizes contract review, but the management of demand has strongly emphasized contract review, but for demand The management is weak to control the management management, but there is no strong management review of the contract review, but has a strong management review of technical review management, but the management of technical reviews is weak. Strong technical review, but the control of management reviews has no clear internal communication, which emphasizes internal communication emphasizes internal communication, and is achieved by interpersonal coordination (KPA). External communication is implicit in several elements to emphasize internal communication emphasis on internal communication and achieved by interpersonal coordination (KPA). Change management is weak and weak (there is special KPA to control, including technical changes and process changes)
The applicable range of ISO 9000 and CMM is different, and the focus is different. The assessment conclusions are also different. The ISO 9000 focuses on whether the software product has reached the standards, the CMM is based on software characteristics, and the inevitability of the improvement of the software process improvement And long-term, emphasize the process control and predictability of software development. Scope: ISO 9000 is suitable for various industries other than electrician and electrons, which in particularly added ISO 9000 standards for evaluating software products; CMM is a model that is specifically made for software development. Lord: ISO 9000 standard involves every link supplied from raw materials to product sales; CMM focus software development and improvement process. Evaluation Result: Assessment according to ISO 9000 standards only pass and not pass two; and CMM divides software ability maturity into five levels, any software company can find its own location by or without evaluation. In addition, there is also a similar thing between ISO 9000 and CMM. Both emphasize: "It is said that it is said to be", emphasizing the process of documentation and documentation, through The tracking check of an important process is controlled to quality. 2. There are two common misunderstandings for ISO 9000: One of the misunderstandings: Iso 9000 does not apply to software? People who hold this view believe that software development is a highly knowledge-intensive job, which is the intellectual creation of developers, and the knowledge and technical level of developers is higher. Implement whether ISO 9000 meets the expected effect, that is, the ability of software companies with software products that meet the requirements? ISO 9000 is indeed from hardware, but it is important to emphasize that ISO 9000 is neither a product standard of a product, nor a technical standard in a certain field, but is a management standard for enterprises to establish and implement quality systems. It has two main functions, management and guarantee functions. ISO 9000 provides companies with a more scientific management and guarantee mechanism, which is needed by any company. Therefore, ISO 9000 is suitable for all industrial types of companies. At the same time, in order to better apply ISO 9000, ISO / TC176 (responsible for drafting ISO 9000 standard technology committees), ie hardware, software, process materials and services, ISO 9000-3 (ISO 9001 is one of the use of software development, supply and maintenance). Therefore, ISO 9000 is not only suitable for software fields from principles and methods, but also the corresponding supplementary guidelines for software development characteristics, providing guidance for software companies to better applying ISO9000. III: Software companies are difficult to implement ISO 9000? ISO9000 requires establishing a documentation quality system. This system requires all staff to participate, and clarify the responsibilities of each post, can only be implemented in accordance with the requirements specified in the document. For each software project, the size is unequal, the software can be treated as a specific "product", as for the development process used by this product, or which survival cycle process has been used, then Do not make unified requirements in the system, it can be determined according to the size, scale, and in accordance with the principles of the project. Therefore, "software is based on project development and the size of the project" completely does not hinder software enterprises to apply ISO 9000, and the opposite should be used by ISO 9000, and project management is more scientifically and system. As for the progress of the project, ISO 9000 does not cause progress delays, and the project delay will be improved. This is because the main reason for the progress delay is due to poor management, without strictly follow the requirements of the prescribed requirements, and the application ISO 9000 can solve the management vulnerability, so that the project delay problem is maximally improved.
