China's college entrance examination reform is more difficult
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Sun Expedition
2005
Year
Month 24
day
, 294 people in reading] Excerpt from: China News Weekly (
2005-01-5
)
http://www.gdpg.com.cn/kyzx/show.asp?id=1805
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In China with the history of thousands of years, it is brewing the strategy of eliminating the "test" of "unspeak", but it is clear that there is still a long way to go.
After experiencing a summer college entrance examination for more than 20 years, with the announcement of the college entrance examination, more than 7 million candidates who participated in the 2004 college entrance examination began to consolidate their respective dreams.
This year's college enrollment admission principle, it is clear that there is not much change in compared with last year. However, this year's college entrance examination is still extensive in society. After an unprecedented candidate signed "integrity assurance", after the armed police escort, there is still the case of the examination room, the case leaked, let people start questioning again: What happened to our college entrance examination system?
One of the biggest reforms of China
Since the recovery of the college entrance examination in 1977, the college entrance examination system has always been in a state of reform. Since 1997, the reform has an accelerated process.
In the second half of 1998, the Ministry of Education proposed the "3 X" college entrance examination subjects to set the reform plan - "On the basis of language, mathematics, foreign language must test the subject, plus physical, chemical, biological, political, history, geography or One or a few of the integrated subjects. This "3 X" program is intended to guide middle school students to highlight individuality and specialty while balanced development, and thereby eliminating the prevalence of polaria in middle school. The new program is gradually extended to the country in 1999.
Then, in January 2000, Beijing, Anhui and other provinces and cities began to implement spring and summer college entrance examination enrollment. Increase the number of exams, its purpose is to reduce the pressure of "one candidate for life"; in the next two years, the spring college entrance examination system is promoted to Shanghai, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia and other provinces.
The reform of the college entrance examination system also includes some humanized measures. In 2003, the summer college entrance examination time was traditionally
Seduce
month
Seduce
day
arrived early
6
month
Seduce
day
It is said that this is to eliminate the hazardous dangers of the exertion of the exertion of the birthday.
In this year, 22 colleges and universities such as Peking University and Renmin University were given 5% of independent enrollment rights. Although the independent enrollment is quite limited, it indicates the direction of the college entrance examination reform ---- expansion schools and students Free option.
In 2004, the Ministry of Education expanded the new measures of "unified examinations, provincial propositions" to Shanghai, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Chongqing, etc. . According to reports, more than 700,000 candidates this year have used 15 high-test volumes for examinations.
Summarizing these years of college entrance examination reform, you can see such a think: the college entrance examination system is moving towards decentralization, localization, and diversifying, allowing school and students to enjoy more and more free choices.
However, the new problems brought about by reforms have followed. "3 X" although the situation in the college entrance examination begins to change, it also brings a problem that the operation is complex and teaching, and the original intention of the two-season college entrance examination is to give some opportunities for candidates, but due to spring recruits It is a school or a professional, which leads to the candidates to pay attention to; expanding colleges and universities independent enrollment, and the candidates who have entered the independent enrollment range are pointed. Finally, they don't need to scale, but they need to reduce the admission. It is difficult to enter the list. .
In this scenario, the reform of the college entrance examination system is careful and slowly moved. Although there are new measures in every year, the eager scholars are still rebuked as "a pool of death."
Recently canceled college entrance examination
The examination system of all countries in the world has a drawback, and China's college entrance examination system has defects, and it is obvious to these years. How to change the college entrance examination system, there are many people. The most intense speech comes from the part-time professor of the University of Miami, the "college entrance examination in the United States" book. The scholar filed a book in 2003, saying that "canceling the college entrance examination enrollment system". Huang pointed out in the article that the existing college entrance examination system is basically followed by the system of traditional exams. Such a system is driven by the unique standards of the score as a measure and selection of talents, making "China education from the modern education gap."
Huang Qi advocates replacing the current enrollment program with the "three-in-one" program. The so-called "three-in-one" refers to the high school entrance examination; also look at high school usage; also look at social activities, academic activities, cultural and sports activities, public welfare volunteers, work experience, etc. With this three comprehensive scores to determine whether the admission is.
In May this year, the "21st Century Education Salon", Suzhou City, deputy mayor, Suzhou University professor Su Yongxin also proposed the radical idea of the reform of the college entrance examination system --- Change an exam for multiple exams, such as the high school test Once, high three hours again; students can choose to apply for schools independently; university should be classified, divided into national, private, private, exams also to classify; university should have their own independence rights; change the situation of library.
However, some scholars have opposed the abolition of unified college entrance examination enrollment system, Xiamen University Higher Education Development Research Center
Liu Haifeng
Professor is one of them. He believes that the unified college entrance examination system not only assumes a certain selection, educational function, but also shoulders the function of maintaining social equity and stability, and these are all the complexity of the college entrance examination.
The news from the Ministry of Education also seems to prove that it is not possible to cancel the college entrance examination in the near future. The Minister of the Ministry of Education, Zhou Ji, talked about the interview in March 2004 that the college entrance examination should consider two problems, one is that the college entrance examination must reflect fairness. The Minister of Education also clearly stated that "the college entrance examination is a very good system, we will continue to strengthen this system."
Do not cancel the college entrance examination, not do not reform it.
According to the reporter, the Ministry of Education has entrusted some of the solutions for the reform of college entrance examination institutions to determine the next reform direction.
Reform vision: college entrance examination diversity
Xiamen University Higher Education Development Research Center is the scientific research institution of China's only study exam system. It assumes the "10th Five-Year" topic of the National Education Science ---- "Research on College Entrance Examination and Multi - Enrollment System." Liu Haifeng, director of the Center, introduced the reform plan they were conceived in an interview, in short, as well as the college entrance examination to go to "diversification":
The diversification of the form of examination organizations: The current college entrance examination is unified by the national unified proposition. In the future, you can rely on the national proposition to the provincial proposition, and even try "recruiting separation" ---- The exam is carried out by professional organization and experts, and admission is determined by colleges and universities.
The diversification of the proposition: Students can choose the subject of the exam over a wider range. Of course, we must fully take into account the comparability of the test results and the cost of the test.
The diversification of the exam hierarchy: Now the test becomes a college entrance examination and specialist (including a higher vocational college). The goals of colleges and universities in higher vocational colleges are different. With the same test paper, it will cause entry into higher vocational colleges, which is not conducive to the development of higher education education. Moreover, the key university is to enhance the difficulty of the test paper, and the results of the test paper have a priority.
Separate undergraduate college entrance examination and specialist college entrance examination, which can be implemented in the province under the implementation of the national unique examination. Undergraduate college entrance examination, the undergraduate college entrance examination focuses on the academic development and ability, and the specialist college entrance examination is subject to understanding and use ability. According to the reporter, this reform is very likely to implement in the past two years.
Diversification of the test time: Time diversity is not simply increased the number of exams, becoming two or more college entrance examination, it mainly refers to each college recruitment after the national unified examination, and will conduct a separate recruitment and will The single test results are combined for admission. The benefits of the two exams are that the unified test scores are convenient for each university to assess the quality of life, and separate exams can reflect the characteristics of each school enrollment, and can also curb the phenomenon of college entrance examination fraud. Liu Haifeng also emphasized that this program can only pilot a pilot in the province of convenient transportation and developed economy, so that the family is poor or the candidates in the border areas, because geographic and economic conditions are restricted to take the exam.
"This program can only be gradually promoted to avoid excessive vibration." Liu Haifeng said.
Equity for the restriction of reform
The reform of the college entrance examination is not as simple as people, and every new measures are introduced. Most of them are pros and cons. For example, "Flexible and simple contradictions", "expanding the contradiction between independent and fair options", "unified examination Contradictions in the selection specialty "," Examination fairness and regional fair contradiction ", etc.
In these issues, the fairness of these two words has always been the biggest difficulty in the college entrance examination reform. In 2001, the three cases of the Department of Education of Qingdao, a case of the Ministry of Education, which pushed people's attention to fair issues in the college entrance examination system to the top.
These three candidates to complain the Ministry of Education, in the case of a national unified life, unified college entrance examination, the high school admission scores of Shandong and Beijing have differently, and they believe that this administrative act violates their equality education.
Liu Haifeng
Professor explained a similar example to the contradiction between the fairness and regional fairness of the examination. If the national unified score line can meet the requirements of the test fairness, it is necessary to make some long and educational resources lack of regions to enter the first-class university, which is difficult to meet the requirements of regional fairness. Regional fair is one of the important factors in the implementation of the province and city of the province, which affects the modernization of the province and city.
In recent years, almost every college entrance examination system reform is looking for efficiency under fairness: the reform of the college entrance examination is intended to improve the efficiency of the test capacity, and the independent enrollment is improving the efficiency of the selection. Improve the efficiency of the local autonomy. But it is the restriction of fairness, so that every reform is cautious.
(Zhang Yi Xuan also contributed to this article)
Author: Sun exhibition
Source: China News Weekly
