my country's website is in compliance with the incomplete investigation of Web standards
By Melop At Melopia February 17, 2005
table of Contents
Background introduction method survey results conclusions
This article assumes that you have certain HTML, CSS, and XML knowledge. If you don't know about the content, see http://www.w3school.org.
This article is suitable for those who have a long-term web design, and it is also applicable to the entry of the webpage.
Background introduction
This section describes the background knowledge of Web standards, including its definition, history, importance, and recent development.
What is a web standard?
I don't need to have heard of this term for myself. In fact, even many Chinese professional web page authors are not intended, even don't know the Web standard. I have 5 years of expertise, but I really understand this more than half a year.
Depending on the definition, the web standard is a collection of specifications, which is developed by W3C and other standardized organizations to use it to create and interpret the basic content of the web page. These specifications are designed for those reusablely compatible documents published on the Internet to enable them to be accessed by most people.
Simply, the Web standard is used by standardized associations, such as W3C, ECMA, and a series of rules developed to specify all aspects of the webpage. I am not intended to involve excessive technical details in this article, and I will give some simple examples to explain the problem.
Web standard history
In the late 1990s, when the Internet and web gradually become mainstream, the developers of Web browsers (including Netscape 4 and below), IE 4 and below. Browse Version 4 Browser) have not fully supported CSS ( The stacked style sheet, for web developers, they can use CSS to control the performance of the HTML document). Considering that CSS1 was developed in 1996, CSS2 was developed in 1998, so this lack of CSS support is also understandable.
Since the browser is not supported by the CSS, coupled with some flat designers (these requirements are related to the dealing with the printed products), which causes them to abuse HTML in order to control the visual performance of the web page. A typical example is that when the designer can use Border = "0" to hide the border of the table, the method of controlling the layout with hidden forms is also used. Another example is the use of "transparent" (transparent), which is equally invisible, but they use blank GIF images to control the layout.
Since HTML has never been used to control a document, leading to a large amount of chaos, illegal code, browser's private code and attributes are used freely. The word "check" is rarely being asked. For these code, tag soup is a very image of the name.
Status of Web Standard
The new version of the web browser is released, so that the support of CSS has gone and expands, although it has not reached its own level. The mainstream "new version of the browser" includes these and their updated versions of them:
Mozilla Firefox 1.0 Mozilla browser and corresponding Netscape Products Opera 7 Microsft Internet Explorer 6
Although the browser's developer is very slow, there is already a number of browsers who have selected support for CSS. At this time, there should be no reason to use HTML as before, it should let it restore the original look. : To describe the structure of the document, not its performance. Because of this, we can now use CSS to achieve its original purpose.
Advantages of the Web standard
Although there are many, I think it is necessary to mention the benefits of the Web standard. After all, no one will toss yourself for a standard.
Web standards have such advantages: Make the page to reduce the cost of renewing the cost of the bandwidth, which costs less helps to maintain the consistency of the visual effect in each site is more easier to search the search engine. Access by various browsers and user agents (including mobile phones, PDAs and disabled text browsers)
In particular, the problem of decrease in document size. Using traditional HTML table layout methods typically makes the site unnecessary bandwidth transmission consumption, and the user must wait for a long time to load the page. According to the information, a page is referred to by the Web Standard Reconstruction, the amount of code has dropped from the original 13.7kb to 2.1kb, and there is a large drop of 85%. According to the conservative estimate, the page reconstruction, the average size is only about 70% of the original page. For sites that are very traffic, this invisible is a big law saving money.
However in our country ...
A little thus prominent Web standard has been greatly valued abroad in recent years. Especially after the United States has issued a bill 501, it is required to provide site must provide accessibility support for disabled people with ordinary people. It is important to know that the traditional layout method is difficult to achieve this requirement.
Most technical sites in the United States began to transform to the Web standard. Many large sites have also been reconstructed using new methods. For example, in recent (January 2005), Microsoft's MSN site was completely rewritten using XHTML Strict CSS. Access speed is greatly improved, bringing benefits for sites. Review domestic sites, but still in the current situation. The results of this survey also sounded the alarm to the domestic web design person.
investigation method.
This survey selected some of the foreign large sites and the aim of the site similar to the site similar to the site. Including the page size, code quality (verified by W3C Validator) and compatibility and accessibility.
Evaluation results
Website Organization Page URL Document Type HTML Size (Byte) Remove Label Content Markup Verification Error WAI Accessibility Evaluation Www.msn.com Microsoft MSN Site XHTML 1.0 Stricttttp://www.msn.com29974
Meta: 260 Text: 3976 Summary: 530 HREF: 11385 53.9% 2111 Do not match standard, overall evaluation 4 stars www.sohu.com Sohu site has not declared, press HTML 4.01 Transitional HTTP: //www.sohu.com136736
Meta: 44 Text: 6915 Summary: 78 HREF: 375909 32.6% 1259 about 550 do not match the standard, untrue human assessment error. Overall Evaluation 1 Stars Www.wired.com Wire IT Magazine XHTML 1.0 TransitionAlHttp://www.wired.com36441
Meta: 33 Text: 8107 Summary: 757 HREF: 11545 56.1% 0 (full standard) 8 do not match standard, overall evaluation 5 stars www.pconline.com.cn Pacific computer network has not declared, press HTML 4.01 Transitional HTTP: // Www.pconline.com.cn151166
Meta: 656 Text: 7228 Summary: 23 HREF: 42980 33.7% 645422 Not in line with guidelines, total evaluation 2 stars www.middlebury.edumiddle bury.com: //www.middlebury.edu/about/11405
Meta: 150 Text: 3180 Summary: 503 HREF: 2934 2016 Body 58.7% 3913 Not in line with guidelines, total evaluation 4 stars www.zsu.com.cn Zhongshan University has not declared, press HTML 4.01 Transitional HTTP: //www.zsu .edu.cn / 2003 / xxgk / xxgk.htm11543
Meta: 25 Text: 5124 Summary: 0 HREF: 2452 4640 Body 50.4% 4543 Do not meet guidelines, 3 star data analysis
Msn.com vs. sohu.com
Both of these two portals, which are similar, so they have strong comparability. Msn.com was revised in January 2005, fully uses XHTML 1.0 Strictt Reconstruction and uses CSS typography. Sohu.com is used along the traditional HTML form layout, and even finds a document type declaration at its webpage, so it is assumed to be the most relaxed HTML 4.01 Transitional.
First of all, the ratio of its true content and file size is shown in the figure:
Chart 1
It can be clearly seen that the use of XHTML's MSN.com effectively communicates information, and reduces a lot of unnecessary sizes. Sohu has 65% of the code that is meaningless to the user.
Chart 2
As can be seen from Chart 2, msn.com is more focused on accessibility. It supports some customers who do not use visual browsers, which can be clear from the comparison of "Inaso Description". In addition, accessibility issues are also far less than Sohu. It is very honest, although the most loose document standard is used, Sohu.com's verification error is still up to 1259 amazing! And msn.com uses extremely strict verification criteria, and only 21 verification errors. The gap is immediately reflected.
Among the text browsers and small screen devices, msn.com remains better than SOHU.com. Take a look at the screenshot below:
Figure 3. On the mobile device, msn.com is still in order
Chart 4. and SOHU's link is striped together, it is difficult to read
In the text browser (Opera 7 simulation), msn.com is also obviously more than SOHU:
Figure 5. Msn.com is obvious than SOHU easy to read
Figure 6. SOHU layout, there are also a label such as IMG such as IMG
Wired.com vs. PConline.com.cn
These two are related to IT. Wired.com uses the XHTML Transitional document type. In this survey, Wired.com is the best way. It fully reaches the relevant standards of W3C, and each parameter is in the forefront. PConline is one of the largest access to the largest visits in the PCONLINE. However, in the evaluation, it has a bad impression on standard indifference and poor compatibility.
Chart 7
It seems that XHTML can effectively reduce bandwidth consumption is not not based. Similar to the previous example, using XHTML's Wired.com reduces a lot of unnecessary sizes. The Pacific Computer is similar to Sohu, and the true content is only 33.7% of the entire document.
Chart 8
Although better than Sohu, the code error on PConline is still above 645. It is really eclipsed with 0 errors in Wired.com's Wired.com. Naturally, so many code issues, accessibility is poor, and more than 400 accessibility issues also show the defects of this site.
In the text browser and the small screen device, Wired.com is easy to access by PConline.com. Take a look at the screenshot:
Figure 9. On the mobile device, Wired.com is still in order
Figure 10. Pconline has the same link as the background color, and cannot be read at all. Unsecured decorative picture chaos display
In a text browser (Opera 7 simulation):
Figure 11. Wired.com is obvious than PConline read
Chart 12. PConline layout, IMG, IFRAME such a label can be seen everywhere
Wired.com is very paying attention to accessibility, pay attention to it provides options for different font size in each device. PConline is difficult to read in small screen devices and text browsers. There is even a significant mistake in the same font color in a small screen device. Middlebury.edu vs. zsu.edu.cn
It is not awesome, after all, is your own school, you have to leave a face. But look back, I know the gap will have progress. Therefore, I also take it out of the Zhongshan University's website zsu.edu.cn to see the ratio of others. Since the pages contained in this use are relatively large, for fairness, the original text in the two pages is the same, in contention.
Chart 13
The advantage of using XHTML's Middlebury is not too obvious, approximately 8% higher than ZSU. Considering that these two pages are relatively simple, it can be in this way. If the page is slightly more complicated, Zsu will definitely have more garbage code generation.
Chart 14
In Chart 14, the error rate of two university pages is relatively low. However, two types of zsu.edu.cn are still more than Middlebury.edu, and don't forget, Middlebery.edu uses almost the most stringent XHTML 1.0 Strict standard for verification, and China is just HTML 4.01. Moreover, it also found in the verification process, which frequently appears frequent UTF-8 encoding characters that do not match their documentation GB2312 in medium page, resulting in failure of the verification.
Although severe accessibility issues are not found on the detected URL, zsu.edu.cn has a fatal accessibility error. This error comes from using IFRAME on its homepage and does not follow W3C, and does not add Alt description for each picture. In a text browser (Opera 7 simulation):
Figure 15. Compare Middlebury.edu Home
Figure 16. The homepage of Zhongshan University full of IMG and IFRAME is not available to people with disabilities and certain portable equipment
in conclusion
Although this survey only analyzed the Liao Liao website, but reflected many problems facing domestic and foreign sites. The ineffirmation has led to high costs of many sites, and low efficiency can not be accessed by some viewers. More decent, there are many large-scale websites and their developers still hinder the WEB standard in my country's promotion. A major obstacle.
I hope we can ring the alarm, try to change this status quo.
references
Designing With Web Standards, Jeffrey Zeldman, New Riders, 2003 MSN Goes CSS, Douglas Bowman, Stopdesign.com, 2005 New Msn.com Homepage, Venkat Narayanan, MSDN Blog, 2005 Website Designer W3C
