Start system learning "Computer Architecture: a quantitative approach (2nd)", although there is already a third edition, but the hand is the second edition, look at this book first. There is a big modification in the third edition, and it will be supplemented back. Work hard ... Note that the second edition is 1996, some content, especially the data is still a bit, and then make up the new one when you look at the third edition. BTW, only write my most touching stuff, this is not a course of lectures. There are also some ideas in parentheses, and it is called "Andy Test".
1 Fundamentals Of Computer Design
The advancement of the process is relatively stable, why? (ANDY: Need to ask the microelectric xdjm) Computer history two turning phases:
In the 1970s, the microprocessor began to force, and performance improvement reached 35% a year, exceeding 25-30% of the mainframe and small machines. In the 1980s, a large number of RISC architecture began to appear, and performance improvement reached 50% per year! Pay attention to the two important factors that prompted new architecture to get business success:
The use of advanced languages reduces the need for target code compatibility; the emergence of common cross-platform OS (such as UNIX) reduces the cost and risk of launching new system structures. (Andy: Today's open source is not a new factor? I think it is.) Computer Design includes three aspects: ISA, Organization and Hardware. ACHITECT faces multi-faceted features: Different applications, different software compatibility levels, different OS needs, demand for different industrial standards. Successful ISA must be taken to test: including technological development and application development test. A successful ISA may take decades! (Andy: See IBM, all existence, there is a reasonable side. When you negate your old technology with new technology, remember to remember!) Computer usage trends:
Program memory demand an average annual growth of 1.5-2 times; advanced language gradually replaces assembly language; Compiler's role is increasing, as in terms of optimization of VLIW and other structures. Implementation technology trends:
IC logic process: Transistor density is twice (4x / 3year) every three years, DIE Size increases 10-25% / year, the total number of transistors on a single chip increases an average of 60-70% per year; (Andy:) Die size growth! Be stem from WAFER size? Ask) DRAM: Density 4X / 3Year, Cycle Time is slow, 10 years fell by 1/3; disk: Density increased by 50% / year (~ 4x / 3year), Cycle Time is slow, and 10 years fell by 1/3. Even for a single product, changes in key technical elements must also be considered. Such as a product of the life cycle is at least four years (2 years development, 2 years), then ... Note: The change in the process is not continuous, for example, the size of the DRAM always grows in four times. Thus, there are some Thresholds, which is important for understanding the transformation of relevant technologies.
