E-commerce logistics solution Transfer from your computer world> Netizen Salon> Logistics: First, Foreign E-Commerce Logistics Solution 1. The US logistics model in the US logistics centralized logistics emphasizes "integrated logistics management system", It is a system of unified planning management from the overall interest, breaking through the system of organizational management. In marketing, logistics management includes allocation plan, transportation, warehousing, market research, five processes for users; in terms of circulation and service, logistics management processes include demand forecasts, ordering process, raw materials purchase, processing process, ie from raw materials Buy until all materials circulation processes of customers. 2. Japan's exalvation distribution center logistics process is production - circulation - consumption - restore (reuse and complement of production materials). In Japan, logistics is a non-independent field and is constrained by a variety of factors. Logistics (less stock multiple wholesale) with sales (multiple stocks, less wholesale), each other, must utilize overall cost minimal effects. The premise of logistics is the company's sales policy, business management, trading conditions. When you sell ordered, delivery conditions, ordering conditions, inventory conditions have great impact on logistics. The logistics problem in circulation has turned to research supplies, production, and sales logistics problems. 3. Adapt to the new logistics model of e-commerce - the definition of the logistics agent logistics agent (the abbreviation is TPL, the third party provides logistics service) is: "Specialized logistics in the logistics channel, to sign a contract, During a certain period, all or some aspects of logistics business services provided by other companies. "From a broad angle of the logistics, the logistics agent includes all logistics activities, as well as the shipper can get from the professional logistics agent Other value value added services. This service is provided is conditions for the formal contract between the shipper and the logistics agent. This contract clearly defines a service fee, period and mutual responsibility. The narrow logistics proxy specifically does not have a fixed asset but still undertake the logistics business, with the use of external strength, responsible for replacement of the delivery person to complete the entire logistics process. After the logistics agent company has undertaken a warehousing and transportation agency, in order to reduce the expenses, it is necessary to make the production enterprise feel that it can be equally possible to make a whole as much as possible to rationalize the logistics. Second, foreign advanced e-commerce logistics mode cases US logistics distribution industry has started early, mature experience, especially high information management, and a large reference for my country's logistics development. 1. The type of US Delivery Center has been emphasizable in developed countries from the 1960s. In order to benefit from the field of circulation, US companies have adopted the following measures: First, the old-fashioned warehouse is changed to the distribution center; the second is to introduce computer management networks, carry out standardized operations on loading and unloading, handling, storage, and improve work efficiency; third is the chain store Form a distribution center to promote the growth of the chain store. There are a variety of distribution centers in the US chain store, mainly with three types of wholesale, retail and warehousing. (1) Wholesale American California Food Delivery Center is the second largest wholesale distribution center in the United States, built in 1982, with a building area of 100,000 square meters, about 2,000 staff, a total of completely closed temperature control vehicles 600 plunge, 1995 The annual sales reached 2 billion US dollars. Operating products are food, 43,000 varieties, 98% of which are organized by the company, and 2% of the goods are the commodity developed by the center, mainly fresh food such as milk, bread, ice cream. The center implements a member system. The membership supermarkets are different from the size of the store, and the required commodity distribution is different, and the center will pay different membership fees. The member store is the same as other stores in daily transactions, but does not enjoy any special treatment, but can participate in the regular profit treatment of the distribution center.
The distribution center itself is not a profit unit, and you can do not pay business tax. Therefore, when the distribution center gains profits, take a dividend form to give some profits to the member store. The member store is divided much, which will depend on how much the delivery center and the transaction volume are added, and many more dividends. The distribution center is mainly managed by computer. The business department acquires the order information of the member store through the computer, and timely issues an important instruction order to the manufacturer and the transportation department; the manufacturer and the storage and transportation department will continue to arrange the order of the delivery according to the order indication, will allocate good goods. Placed in the standby port waiting for shipping. The distribution center is operated 24 hours, with a distribution radius of 50 km. The distribution center and the manufacturer, the supermarket consultation, the main basis is: (a) quantity and quality of goods; (b) payment time, if you pay within 10 days, you can enjoy 2% price concessions; (c) Delivery Center The increase rate of the distribution of goods in major supermarkets, depending on the variety, grade of the goods, and the amount of shipping, generally 2.9% -8.5%. (2) The distribution center of retail American Wal-Mart goods is a typical retail distribution center. The distribution center is a sole proprietorship of Wal-Mart, specializing in the company's chain stores on time, ensuring stable operation of the stores. The center has a building area of 120,000 square meters, with a total investment of more than 12 million US dollars. The distribution equipment includes 200 car heads, 400 cars, 13 distribution belts, and 170 pickup ports. The center is running 24 hours a day, and the goods are distributed in 100 chain of Wal-Mart in New York, Pennsylvania and other 6 states. The center is located in the central location of 100 chain stores, the business district is 320 kilometers, and the average size of the service object store is 12,000 square meters. The central business commodity reached 40,000, mainly food and daily necessities, usually inventory of 40 million US dollars, peak season of 70 million US dollars, year turnover 24 times. In stock products, best-selling goods and low-selling merchandise accounted for 50%, and the stock product period is more than 180 days. The inventory of each chain store is about 10% of the sales volume. the year 1995. The center has sales of 2 billion US dollars. Commods sold in Wal-Mart chain stores, depending on the income and consumption levels in various regions, the price is different. The company has stipulated the price difference, in principle, in principle, it is not possible to higher than the price of similar products in the same industry. (3) The food distribution center of Warehousing American Fu Sanming is a typical warehouse distribution center. Its main task is to accept the commissioned businesses of the United States independent grocery Union California Headquarters, which is responsible for the distribution of 350 franchise stores in the region. The distribution center has a construction area of 70,000 square meters and operates 89,000 varieties. The 1200 varieties are developed by the US independent grocery alliance, and must be concentrated. In the goods operated by the service object store, there are about 70% of the goods are distributed by the center, which is generally carried out, and merchandise, such as milk, bread, fried soil slices, bottled beverage, etc., from local manufacturers directly Enterprises to store, vegetables and other goods from the local wholesale market directly from the local wholesale market.
2. The US Distribution Center's operational process US distribution center's library layout and management of wells, so that busy business does not affect each other, its main experience is: (1) 27 channels, 19 invitations; (2) The tray is mainly, 4 sets of containers are a shelf; (3) The stack of goods is divided into stored goods and distribution products, generally take the advanced library of goods in accordance with the production date, purchase date and shelf life of the goods. In principle, the upper layer of the depot is the backward storage product. The stored goods in the next layer of the shelf are the distribution commodities to the library; (4) variety distribution is a large number of boxes, so use forklift delivery; shop distribution It is a fine delivery, small to a few pairs of socks, so use conveyor belt distribution; (5) light weight, volume of goods (such as toilet paper, etc.), use forklift, large weight, small volumetric conveyor belt Distribution; (6) Special commodity storage area, such as a small amount of high-value drugs, tonics, etc., to prevent loss, with a wire ring, indicate that non-related personnel are not allowed. III. my country's logistics industry development status and logistics solutions my country's existing logistics companies can be divided into the following categories: 1. Central proof professional logistics enterprises, namely materials, materials, storage and transportation, corporate and foreign transport companies . The warehousing is mainly directed to the system, so commercial flow is separated from logistics, subject to administrative control. 2. Local professional logistics enterprises, namely local commercial system storage and transportation companies and food storage systems, completely subject to local administrative leaders. 3. Suitable logistics enterprises, that is, logistics companies integrating logistics and businessflow, larger, and the number is increasing. For a long time, due to the impact of the planned economy, my country's logistics socialization is low, logistics management system confusion, institutional diversification, the original material department, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Economics and Trade Department, Ministry of Central (Coal, Forestry Department, etc. ), The urban and rural construction environmental protection department has its own logistics system. This distributed diversified logistics pattern leads to social production, professional circulation intensive intensive intensive intensive intensive intensive management advantages, scale operation, scale efficiency, low installation rate, unreasonable layout, repetitive construction, and severe funds. Due to the cause of conflicts and information is not smooth, the remaining materials cannot be prepared in time, and a large number of materials are retained in the circulation field, resulting in precipitation of funds, and a large amount of inventory costs. In addition, the overall level of my country's logistics enterprises and logistics organizations is low, the equipment is old, the loss rate is high, the efficiency is low, and the transportation capacity is serious. It has formed a "bottleneck" to constrain the development of logistics. In response to the current situation of my country's economic development and logistics reform, draw on the road and experience of developed countries, my country has started the pilot work of the logistics and distribution center in 1992, and the former domestic trade department is issued "on the development and construction of the commodity logistics (distribution) center. opinion". "Opinions" proposes: large and medium-sized storage and transportation enterprises should play a facility and service advantages, transformation, improve facilities, increase service projects, improve service functions, and transform to socially modern logistics centers; small storage and transportation enterprises and have certain storage and transportation facilities Wholesale companies transition to the distribution center. In recent years, with the development of chain business, the construction of the distribution center has received emphasis, especially the self-built distribution center of the chain enterprise is high.
According to relevant information, there are currently more than 700 chain companies in the country, larger chain companies have been building their own distribution centers, and some small chain enterprise stores are small, the scale is not large, and they are also in the construction of distribution centers, with a period to achieve 100%. The goods are delivered by their own distribution center. And a function of comprehensive social distribution center is quite huge, the distribution is too small, will inevitably cause excessive liabilities, long recovery, in turn affect the development of chain enterprises; at the same time, there is a significant number of warehouse facilities in society. At idle, forming investment repeat, waste. In order to make the construction of the logistics distribution center, the conveying center will lead the development and construction of the distribution center. The former domestic trade department issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Development and Construction of Commercial Logistics Distribution Center" in 1996, pointing out the development and construction logistics distribution center. The important meaning. The guiding ideology and principles of development and construction are proposed. At the same time, the former Domestic Trade Department also issued the "Commercial Storage and Transportation Enterprises to further deepen the reform and development", proposed the reform and development policy of "conversion mechanism, intensive operation, improvement, development logistics, enhancement", and determine The modern logistics distribution center transforms, building a socialized logistics distribution center, and developing modern logistics networks as the main development direction. Since the 1990s, with the establishment of a socialist market economy, logistics distribution has emerged. The original business department issued a pilot of the national logistics distribution center in 1992, marking the official start of China's logistics distribution center. Due to various reasons, it is not enough, and there is no in-depth development. These are related to the institutional and understanding at the time, and more important reason is that the market economy is in the start-up phase, thus constraining the development and construction of logistics distribution. In recent years, with the rapid growth of the market economy, especially the development of chain business, various forms of distribution are developed like a spring bamboo shoots. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently more than 1,000 types of logistics and distribution centers in the country. Among them, Shanghai and Guangdong have the most, the development is also the most mature. In addition, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries have their own logistics distribution center in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and other places. There are also some corporate institutions that are discovering China's logistics distribution industry, and put China in the next few years as a development strategy. According to the information mastered, we have analyzed the situation at home and abroad. Conclusion is that most of them spanning the stage of simple delivery, basically belonging to logistics distribution in real sense, but at level It is still the logistics distribution in the traditional sense, that is, in the primary stage of logistics distribution, there is no characteristics of new logistics distribution, modernization, and socialized new logistics distribution, so there is a traditional logistics distribution that cannot be overcome in the operation. Various disadvantages and problems. It is, the relevant state departments have recognized these problems, from macro-deployment efforts to guide my country's logistics and distribution industry towards informationization, modernization, and socialize new logistics distribution direction, some people's knowledgeable government officials, corporate communities The theoretical people also conducted discussions in this regard, and the wells have begun to practice. Our solutions are: establish a new logistics distribution center integrating logistics, business flow, and information. On October 11, 1996, the former Domestic Trade Department issued a "Opinions on Further Deepening State-owned Commercial Reform and Development", especially especially emphasized to "develop construction with commodity agent and distribution as the main characteristics, logistics, business flow, information flow Organically combined social logistics distribution center. " The construction of my country's accelerated logistics distribution center is in line with the current direction of logistics informationization, socialization, modernization, and internationalization of the world, which is organically combined with the logistics, business flow and information flow in the circulation process. It turns out that logistics, business flow and information flow are "three-flow discrete", while information, socialization, and modern logistics distribution centers combine the three organically. Engaged in distribution business inseparable from "three streams", where information flow is most important. In fact, business flow and logistics are operating under the instructions of the information flow. Unblock, accurate, timely information fundamentally guarantees high quality and high efficiency of business flow and logistics.
