Computer repair method and step
Chapter 1 Basic Principles and Methods for Computer Maintenance
The principles, methods, etc. of the second part of the second partial classification need to be seriously observed. §1.1 Basic principles should follow computer maintenance: First, the maintenance judgment must start from the simplest thing, on the one hand, the other hand refers to a simple environment. Simple things are observations, including: 1. Environment around computer - location, power supply, connection, other equipment, temperature and humidity, etc .; 2, the phenomenon of computers, the content, and them are normal Similarities and differences; 3, the environment in the computer - dust, connection, device color, taking the shape of the Ning Ning, the status of the indicator, etc. 4, the computer's hardware and software configuration - how hardware, resources The situation; uses to make the operating system, which is installed on the other application software; the hardware setting driver version, etc. The simple environment includes: 1, the minimum system will be mentioned later; 2. In the judging environment, only basic operation of the Ning / Software, and the doubtful tap Ning / software; 3, in one In a clean system, add the user's application (hardware, software) to analyze the analysis and judgment from simple things, conducive to the concentration of energy, which is conducive to the determination and positioning of the fault. Be careful, you must make judgments and maintenance by careful observation. According to the observed phenomenon, you must first want to do (first think, you will do it) first, including the following: The first is, Think of how to do it first, where to start, and actually do it. It can also be said that it is first analyzed, and then repairs. Second, for the observed phenomenon, please check the relevant information as much as possible, see if there is a corresponding technical requirements, use characteristics, etc., then combine the content you want to talk about according to the information you want, and then repair it. Finally, in the process of analyzing judgment, according to their existing knowledge, experience is judged, I don't know if I don't know or don't understand it, I must first consult an experienced colleague or your technical support engineer. Seeking help. Third, in most computer maintenance judgment, it must be soft and hard: that is, from the process of judge the entire maintenance, it is always judged whether it is a software failure, first check the software problem, when the can be confirmed, if the can be confirmed The fault cannot disappear, and then check it out from hardware. Fourth, in the maintenance process, it is necessary to distinguish between the main contradictions in the reproduction of the fault phenomenon, sometimes there is more than one fault, but there are two or more faults ( Such as: The machine is not enabled, but the machine is also started, after starting, there is a crash, and it should be judged, the main failure phenomenon, when repair, then repair the secondary fault, Sometimes it is possible that the phenomenon will have been repaired. § 1.2 Basic method of computer maintenance 1. Observing method (unforgettable diamond) observation, is the first to be the first method of maintenance judgment, which runs throughout the maintenance process. Observing is not only serious, but also comprehensively. The content to be observed includes: 1, surrounding environment; 2, hardware environment. Including connector, seat and groove, etc.; surroundings. There are two forms of minimum system: Hardware minimum system: consists of power, motherboards, and CPUs. In this system, there is no connection to any signal line, only the power supply to the motherboard.
During the judgment, it is determined by the sound to determine whether this core component is working properly; software minimum system: consists of power, motherboard, CPU, memory, display card / display, keyboard, and hard disk. This minimum system is mainly used to determine if the system can complete normal startup and operation. For software minimal environments, the software has the following points to explain: 1, the software environment in the hard disk retains the original software environment, just when analyzing judgment, isolation such as unloading, shielding, etc.). Retain the original software environment, mainly to analyze questions about judgment applications 2, software environments in hard disk, only one basic operating system environment (probably unloading all applications, or reinstalling a clean operating system ), Then load the needs of the need according to the needs of the analysis judgment. It is necessary to use a clean operating system environment, it is to determine the system problem, software conflict or soft and hardware conflict. 3. Under the software minimum system, you can add or change the appropriate hardware as needed. Such as: When it is determined to start the fault, because the hard disk cannot be started, you want to check if you can start from other drives. At this time, you can add a floppy drive or simply use a floppy drive in the software minimum system to check. Another example: When determining the fault of the audio and video, you should need to add a sound card in the software minimum system; when judging the network problem, you should add a network card in the software minimum system. The minimum system method is mainly necessary to judge whether the system can work properly in the most basic soft and hardware environments. If you don't work properly, you can determine the most basic soft, hardware fittings have faults, resulting in a fault isolation. The minimum system method is combined with step-by-step adding method, which can be positioned rapidly in the failure of other board software, and improve repair efficiency. Third, gradually add / remove the gradual addition method, based on the minimum system, each time I only add one accessory / device or software to the system, check whether the fault phenomenon disappears or changes to determine and locate the fault location. Gradually remove the method, just in contrast to the step-by-step operation. Gradually add / remove the method generally to fit the fault location more accurately to the replacement method. Fourth, the isolation method is a judgment method that will prevent hardware or software shielding of fault judgment. It can also be used to suspect a hardware that conflict with each other, separating the software to determine whether the fault changes. The hardware and hardware shield mentioned above is to stop its operation, or uninstall; for hardware, it is disabled, disabled, uninstalling it, or simply removes the hardware from the system. V. Comparison method comparison method similar to the replacement method, that is, the use of good accessories and suspected of faulty accessories can also be compared between two computers, to determine the fault computer in the environment. Set, hardware configuration, thus finding the fault location. (Smart touch method) Sixth, the lifting temperature process is different due to the limit of the tool due to the limit of the tool, and its use and maintenance is different. The temperature rise method in the door-to-door service can be approved in the case of the user, try to reduce the ventilation capability of the computer, consider the heat of the computer itself to heat up; the method of cooling the temperature is: 1) Generally select a low ambient temperature, such as one clear or early or The later time; 2) Realize the computer shutdown 12 to 24 hours; 3) Blow the faulty to speed up the cooling speed with the electric fan to speed up the cooling speed. Seven, knocking method is typically used in suspected a negative failure of a piece of accessories in the computer, vibration, appropriate distortion, or even a rubber hammer, a specific accessory, a particular accessory, to determine the fault accessories A maintenance method.
8. Alternative (set in an alternate method) Alternative method is a good access to the accessories that may be faulty, to determine if the fault is disappearing. A good accessory can be the same model or may be different models. The order in which the replacement is generally: 1, according to the phenomenon of the fault or the fault category in the second portion, the accessories or devices that need to be replaced; 2. Alternatively, according to the first simple and complex order. Such as: first memory, CPU, the main board, and if you want to judge the print fault, you can first consider whether the print driver has problems, and then consider whether the print cable is faulty, and finally consider whether the printer or parallel port is faulty; 3, the first should Check the cable, signal line, etc. connected to suspect a faulty accessory, followed by replacing the doubtable accessories, and then replacing the power supply accessories, and finally the other accessories associated therewith. 4. Consider the most replacement accessories from the tail rate of the fittings. Advanced accessories for high failure rates.
Nine, there are some computer failures for computer products, often due to more dust in the machine, asking us to pay attention to observing the disk, if there is more dust, if yes, if yes, It should be carried out first, and then subsequent judgment repairs. In the following aspects, the following aspects should be paid to: 1, pay attention to the cleaning of the airway 2, pay attention to the cleaning of the fan's cleaning fan, it is best to clear the dust, point a little bit Watch oil and enhance lubrication. 3, pay attention to the plug, seat, slot, board gold finger part of the clean gold finger, can use the eraser to wipe the gold finger portion, or wipe with alcohol cotton. The removal of the oxidation phenomenon on the metal pins of the plug, seat and slot: First, wipe with alcohol, one is to use a metal sheet (such as a small word ") to gently scrate on the metal pin. 4, pay attention to the cleaning cleaning of the large-scale integrated circuit, components and other pins, apply small brush or vacuum cleaner, etc. Or leakage phenomenon. 5. Pay attention to the tool for cleaning the tool, first is anti-static. For example, a small brush for cleaning, a brush made of natural materials, disable plastic brushes. Second, when cleaning is cleaned using a metal tool, the power supply must be cut, and the metal tool is discharged. Tools for cleaning include: small brush, tiger, vacuum cleaner, rag, alcohol (not available to wipe the chassis, display, etc. Plastic shell). 6. For a more humid, you should find a way to dry it. Available tools such as electric fans, hair dryers, etc., can also be naturally air dried. Ten, several methods and recommendations of software debugging 1, operating system. The main adjustment content is the startup file of the operating system, system configuration parameters, component files, viruses, etc. Repair the operating system startup file. 1) For Windows 9x systems, you can use the SYS command to fix (to ensure the size of MSDOS.sys is 1KB), but requires that the partition parameters should be guaranteed before fixing. This can be implemented using software such as DiskMap; 2) For Windows 2000 / XP systems, there are two ways - fix the boot file, use the fixboot command; repair the main boot record, use the fixmbr command. Adjust the operating system profile. A. For Windows 9x systems, there are many tools, such as: msconfig command, system file inspector, registry backup, and recovery command (ScanReg.exe, it requires running in the DOS environment. If you want to use scanreg.exe to recover registration Table, it is best to use the second backup file in the listed recovery menu), etc .; B. For Windows 2000 systems, the available tools are relatively small compared to Windows 9x, but some debug commands can be used in Win98 some commands (If the msconfig command under win98 can be used under Windows 2000); C. For Windows XP systems, the available tools are mainly msconfig commands; D. Adjust power management and related services, the commands you can use are, you want to run text Enter gpedit.msc in the box; E. Repellence of all operating systems can be commissioned by the control panel, device manager, and computer manager (None Windows 9x system).
Fixed component files (including .dll, .vxd, etc.) are reinstalled by adding delete programs; B. By extracting installation from .cab file; C. Available system file inspector (sfc.exe command) to fix Wrong file; D. Copy from a good machine. Check the virus in the system. It is recommended to use the virus killing software in the command line mode and can directly access the like NTFS partitions. 2, device driver installation and configuration. The main adjustment device driver is matched with the device, whether the version is appropriate, and the corresponding device can respond properly under the action of the driver. A. It is best to automatically recognize the operating system (except for the special requirements, such as some special requirements, the sound card driver, the driver of the plug-in device, and then considering forcibly installation. This is conducive to judging the quality of the equipment; B. If there is a driving of the operating system, it is used first, and it is still not possible to properly or not meet the application needs, then the device comes with the drive; C. Replace the device, first uninstall the driver Replace again. Uninstall driver, you can uninstall from the device manager; then uninstall from safe mode; then remove it in the INF directory; finally by registering; 3, disk conditions. Check if the partition on the disk can be accessed, whether the medium is damaged, and the files saved on it are complete. Available adjustment tools: A. Diskmap, easy to find the correct partition; B. FDISK and FDISK / MDR, check whether the partition is correct and restore the main boot record to the original state; C. When the hard disk capacity is greater than 64GB, if you want Re-partition or view the partition, requiring the fdisk command in the snapshot partition floppy disk with a random disk partition. This command can be replaced by the fdisk command under Windows Me; D. Format, Scandisk, the disk detection program provided by the manufacturer, check if the disk media has a bad track; E. When the file is incomplete, it is required to change the incomplete file first. The method described in the operating system is reconstructed. 4, application software. If the application is compatible with the operating system or other application, use whether or not the configuration is compliant with the description manual, whether the application software is complete, etc.; 5, BIOS settings. 1) The optimal state should be restored before necessary. Suggestion: First restore the BIOS to the optimum state (usually the state of the factory), and then set to the appropriate value according to the needs of the application. 2) BIOS refresh does not have to refresh to the latest version, sometimes it should be injured to reduce the version. 6, rebuild the system. When the hardware configuration is correct, and get the user license, it is recommended to determine the software failure of the operating system by reconstructing the system. In the case of user disagree, it is recommended to use the own hard drive to perform the operation of the reconstruction system. In this case, it is best to rebuild the system, gradually recover to the state of the user's original hard disk to determine the fault point. 1) Reconstruction system, must be based on one-button recovery, followed by recovering installation, and finally is completely reinstalled. Restore installation methods: For Windows 9x systems, you can implement recovery installation directly from the CD, or perform Tools / SysRec / PcRestor.bat. When the recovery installation is recovered, it may affect the normal operation of the installation process due to the existence of Win.com. At this time, it can be reinstalled after the Win.com directory is removed.
Another recovery installation is to change the system.1st of the root directory to System.dat overwrite the same name file in the Windows directory, and then restart. But this method is not true to reinstall, and is similar to completely reinstallation. For Windows XP or Windows2000 systems, use its installation disc to start, select the repair installation in the installation interface, two options will appear when R: First, quickly fix, use this option for simple problems; another is a fault repair station, The fault repair station can be enabled if you choose the correct installation directory. The fault repair terms are similar to the DOS interface. 2) To ensure the clean system, execute the fdisk / mbr command (you can also use clear.com) before installation. When necessary, execute the Format
Chapter 2 Computer Maintenance Steps and Maintenance Taste Notes 2.1 Computer Maintenance Steps To repair the computer, follow the steps: 1. Understanding the situation, communicate with the user, understand the situation before and after the failure, perform preliminary judgment . If you can understand that the fault has as detailed before and after the failure, the accuracy of the on-site maintenance efficiency and judgment will be improved. Understand whether the user's failure and technical standard have conflict. Understand the situation to the user, the analysis judgment method in the second part should be communicated with the user. This will not only initially judge the fault location, but also help the corresponding maintenance spare parts. Second, if the recurring fault is fully communicated with the user, it is confirmed that: 1. Whether the user repairs the fault phenomenon is existing, and the preliminary judgment of the seen phenomenon is determined; 2. Have other faults exist. Third, it is judged that the maintenance is judged and positioned, and the process of producing a fault is to find a failure. In the process of judging the repair, the principles, methods, precautions, and second, and three parts described in the following maintenance judgment should be followed. Fourth, test 1. After maintenance must be inspected, confirm the fault phenomenon of the recovered or discovery, and the user's computer does not have other visible faults. The normal standard of the computer can see the "Lenovo Desktop Computer Test Specification"; 2. Must perform the entire machine according to the content listed in "XX Maintenance Inspection Confirmation", eliminate the failure discovered by the user as much as possible, and timely Exclude. § 2.2 Computer repair operation In the repair process, the following provisions should cause practical attention and attention. First, in the process of performing a fault phenomenon, the repair judgment should avoid the expansion of the fault; II. In the maintenance, you must check, check the packing order and configuration; three, you must communicate with the user. Understand the user's operational process, the operation of the failure, the user uses the level of the computer. Fourth, the first thing to pay in maintenance is to observe - observation, observation, and then observe! ! ! 1. Surrounding environment: power environment, other high-power electrical appliances, electricity, magnetic field conditions, machine layout, network hardware environment, temperature and humidity, environmental clean level; whether the desktop of the computer is stable. Whether the peripheral equipment is deformed, discolored, odor, etc .; 2. Hardware environment: cleanliness, temperature and humidity in the chassis, the jump line settings, color, shape, smell, etc. Whether the connection is correct; there is no error or miscondack, a short-needle / break, etc.; the user is installed with other devices that can be operated by other devices that can run related to the machine; 3. Software environment: A. System What software is loaded, they have other soft and hardware have conflicts or mismatched places; B. In addition to standard software and settings, to observe the drivers of equipment, motherboards and systems, whether the patch is installed, whether it is appropriate; Whether the fault to be processed is a recognized bug or compatibility problem in the industry; other applications and configurations of users are appropriate; 4. Observation during the power-on process: the temperature, odor, odor, smoke, etc .; if the system time is correct 4. Observing the time of disassembly and packing: There must be a good habit of recording the original installation status of Ning, and we must seriously observe the shape, color, original installation status of the Ning Ningyuan device; 6. Observe The user's operational process and habits, and whether it meets the requirements. 5. Before the repair, if dust is more dust, or suspect is caused by dust, it should first remove the dust. For its unfamiliar applications or equipment, it should be handled after carefully read the user's manual or other related documents. Seven, usually pay more attention to the technical information and other engineers from the "Technology Expansion", "Technical Engineering Information Notification" to accumulate their experience and improve the level of maintenance. Eight, the maintenance engineer is prohibited to install the floor for the user.
