Misunderstanding of MIS Construction
Author: Ma Yi country
---- Recently, the author looked at the experience article published on the management information system (MIS) construction, and also participated in some discussions about enterprise informationization, and feels deep. MIS construction is currently not satisfactory, or far from the management information system phase. Although all kinds of blurred understanding, I always feel that I haven't worried. The author believes that the misunderstanding of MIS construction is mainly in the misunderstanding of the three-way interviews of concepts, methods and personnel. The basic understanding of the management information system - What is the MIS is a data system, its main feature is that the data is large, the data type is more, the data is complex and the data distribution storage, and the processing of data is relatively simple. . As long as the nature of the company is constant, the data is stable, and the processing is more variable. It has a stable data basis to build MIS's most essential issues. At the point of view, regardless of the way companies engage in business management, there is a "stable data foundation". But such a "foundation" is not ready, it is hidden in various business departments of the enterprise, hidden in various business activities of the enterprise, and interspersed with a variety of business activities. Therefore, a set of scientific methods must be taken to minat and organize stable data foundations. To have strong organizational leadership and management, there must be people who have enriched business experiences and experience in business experiences, pay attention to data identification, analysis, and group weaving technology, defective, and easy to pass. The meaning of "stable" in the stable data foundation means that the basic table of the database is stable, the attributes of the table are stable, and the association between the tables is stable, no redundant, and the organization of the data is facing Business theme. The stable data foundation is fully and necessary for a company's information system, and has a commonality of industry, and other companies in the same industry have reference roles. ---- MIS is a system engineering to develop individual subsystems in a unified data environment. The division of the subsystem should be independent of the current organization, give full play to the role of computer, network, and communication platforms. Data exchange between individual subsystems is structured, public, and is also efficient and complete, minimal eliminating meaningless redundancy and inconsistencies. System quality should be highlighted when designing system design, and is the overall optimal. ---- For MIS is a system engineering, MIS construction is the overall behavior of enterprises, and the quality of MIS also reflects the overall level of the company, and thus emphasizes that end users are truly involved in MIS construction. In the overall design phase, the company's high-level leaders and senior business experts must participate. Only under their participation can clearly show the development planning, strategic objectives, management strategies and market strategies of the enterprise, thereby improving business processes. ---- MIS has five components: personnel, procedures, databases, computer hardware and computer software. Personnel refer to business personnel and MIS developers of enterprises; procedures include MIS development, operation and maintenance rules, corporate business processes and rules and regulations; and databases must store business data, but also store data Data, describe data for how to process and process and data, this is a more important data-metadata (Metadata). The database is the core of MIS, computer software system and hardware system are MIS's operating environment, personnel and procedures for MIS development and use. The operating environment emphasizes that MIS is a technical system, and the development of use environments emphasize MIS is a social system. Whether it is a government department, agency group or a business, industry, and MIS construction should refer to the development and construction of five components, this is the complete MIS concept. However, long-term bias is that people often only note the technical system characteristics of MIS, but not not pay attention to the social system characteristics of MIS.
Anyone with a certain computer application basis should be better to play the computer's management's application. It should have a good time to grasp the concept of concepts, so that senior leadership and computer application development decision-making team have established comprehensive MIS concept. Management Information System Construction Method - How to build ---- Computer Auxiliary Enterprise Management is generally starting from single applications, gradually transitioning to the management information system, which is a process of change from volume to the quality. We cannot use project level or program level experience to guide system level construction. In order to build, manage the management information system, there should be a complete set of guiding theory and method guarantee system. According to the research of foreign development methods, in conjunction with the domestic actual situation, the methodology system proposed by Dalian Maritime University is more suitable for the specific situation of domestic management information systems. The methodology believes that MIS development method is composed of high-level methodology and low-level methodology. High-level methodology solves the overall planning and high-level design issues, which belongs to system engineering, should adopt information engineering, INFORMATENGINEERING, IE, requires overall planning personnel, data management personnel and system analysts; low-level methodology solves the system of application projects Analytical design and implementation belong to software engineering, requires database administrators, system designers and programmers. Application system development is a subsystem development under the overall design guidance, which is a guaranteed range of low-level methodology. It is necessary to emphasize the connection between overall data plan, which is constrained by the overall data plan, reflecting the design idea of "bottom up". Promote the use of the fourth-generation language (4GL) to perform fast-free application development (RAPIDAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENT, RAD). ---- From a large number of MIS construction experience, it can be seen that although the low-level methodology is important in ensuring the development of application projects, it is important to ensure that the successful construction of MIS in all enterprises mainly rely on the correctness of high-level methodology and related tools. Practical. High-level methodology guarantees MIS architecture and an underlying environment, which belongs to the innate quality of MIS. The low-level method guarantees that the project level or program level, the influence is small, easily implemented, and the theory of this is also active. ---- (1) The overall design of the management information system ---- MIS construction should pay attention to the overall design. Overall design generally does not undertake specific component design, is an indispensable technical grasp of the entire system development. Given the system characteristics and data characteristics of MIS, the currently mature engineering method is based on information engineering-oriented methods. In this method, data is treated as an independent resource and is considered to support the cornerstone of all application items. The processing process is also important. Data exchange between processes should be done through a database, so it is structured, public, and is also efficient and complete, minimizing unnecessary redundancy and inconsistency. The overall design must be effectively controlled in general, guide the construction of the management information system, so it must be completed: the conceptual design and logic design of the information system, where the data model should be the subject database; information resource management standards; information classification coding comparison table; physics Summary design of the system. ---- (2) Application System Development Technology ---- Application System Development is a subsystem development under overall design guidance, each subsystem function is clear, the interface is clear, the data environment is determined, this is the top-down planning And the upward implementation. The top-down plan can ensure the unity of the data environment, meet the consistency of information, complete the conceptual design of the database; the implementation of the bottom upward should be reflected in data-centric principles, data design and processing design synchronization. First, the logic design of the database should be completed, and the program module design (i.e., data-oriented processes).
In stable and orderly data environments, it is advocated to use the fourth generation (4GL) language, under close cooperation with system analysts and business people, RapidApplicationDevelopment, RAD). ---- Application System Development To adopt "data launch" method, combined with various applications such as processing, storage and archiving, etc., supplement the concept design. Combined with DBMS to complete logic design and physical design, establish a framework of the database on the computer, at which point the database can be loaded to run the database. The system analysts should design the data input card in accordance with the logical mode of the database, combine the needs of the business personnel. Each office department organizes data, fills the input card, and enter a computer. In this process, the amount of work preparation data is very large, and it must be rigorous and serious, and "data garbage" is prevented from polluting the database. Once the public database is a running database, it should be open to the business personnel as soon as possible, to boot, encourage business staff to use public database data resources to quickly improve the interests and capabilities of the majority of business people using computers. Compared with the "Process Launch", "data launch" is easier to mobilize the enthusiasm of the business personnel, easier to guide the business person to enter the "developer" role, timely discovering errors in business data, and is conducive to the formation of a stable data basis. ---- Application system program development should prevent "respective political" individual development, strengthen application system procedures, design, adopt ripe object-oriented methods, key resolution procedures, key technologies are reusable partial identification And design. If the front desk development tool is single, class library technology can be used; the front desk will be diversified, but the use of a unified operating system should use component technology; if it is a heterogeneous environment, then Java and other cross-platform technology. No matter where the situation can be purchased, the commercial class library / component software can be purchased, and pay attention to the accumulation of personalized libraries / components. Over time, the accumulated resources increases, and the re-retrieval of the system is improved. Realize less programming or no programming. Manage the information system construction - who is made - "MIS is a complex social system engineering, construction, operation and management MIS involving management science, computer technology, communication technology, operation planning, general systemism and The knowledge of various disciplines such as information theory, and it is also required to have a deep understanding of the various business areas of the enterprise. Obviously, a company is difficult or impossible to be proficient in "full talents", so the different stages of MIS construction need to master different levels of staff, as well as different levels of business personnel to cooperate. ---- (1) The composition of developers ---- The overall design phase needs to be proficient in the main business and management of the company, have a certain understanding of information processing and computer technology, with considerable organizational management capabilities. Such a personnel are the system planner, focus on the social system characteristics of MIS. Only by relying on them can do a solid credibility to make the demand analysis, in order to obtain an insights such as the business restructuring, it will not make MIS to manually manage the "simulation system". ---- In order to always highlight the data characteristics and system characteristics of MIS, data management personnel and system analysts are required. Data managers are responsible for the development, revision, release and supervision of data management specifications, preparation or review of the total data planning and database construction plan, the use and management of data resources in full enterprise.
This requires them to master the information system analysis and design theory, familiar with mainstream methods such as structured methods, object-oriented methods and information engineering, familiar with database design normative theory, familiar with information classification coding standardization and efficiency, consistency use of data principles, Benefits have the ability to plan and use the planning and use of large information system data resources to monitor other personnel logic design and data management. Therefore, data managers are the most important technology and trust of enterprise information systems. If there is no qualified data management personnel, it is impossible to have successful data management, and it is difficult to build an information system with stable ordered data environments. ---- System analyst is responsible for the preparation and review of the overall design and application project plan, focusing on the technical characteristics of MIS, focusing on the local information links and coordination in the system, familiar with the methodology of large system development, and needs to master information system analysis With design theory, familiar with mainstream methodology such as structured methods, object-oriented methods and information engineering, familiar with computer hardware and software systems, networks, and communications. System quality should be highlighted when designing system design, and is the overall optimal. ---- Under the constraints of overall design, under the guidance of data managers and system analysts, the system designers are responsible for the detailed design and professional database design of the system, but also to complete web design and construction. Familiar computer hardware and software system, network and communication, structured methods, object-oriented programming methods, data management, data management, information classification coding standardization and efficiency, consistent use of data. ---- The programmer is responsible for realizing the detailed design of the application system using a programming language specified, requiring programmers to familiarize with the specified programming language, rich programming experience, good programming style. ---- MIS operation management To ensure the safety, stability, and reliable travel of the operating environment (including the hardware, system software of the network, and communication systems), therefore requiring a runner monitoring system to run, timely adjusting various parameters, optimizing the system Quality, good viral control. Data managers should pay attention to the usage status of the entire system data resource, timelyly revised, publish data management standards, frequently checking the implementation of standards, coordinate the development of databases and other data structures, making data storage redundancy minimal and compatibility . ---- (2) The composition of business personnel ---- For MIS, the business person has a double identity, on the one hand is the end user of MIS, and on the other hand is the developer of MIS, if there is no end user Really participating, it is impossible to successfully perform MIS construction. In the overall design phase, to solve MIS's strategic planning, strategic data planning and technical strategy development, involving information needs, information planning, management agencies and management methods. A global problem such as coordination, control and business reorganization between the agency, requires the highest leading advocacy, support and powerful organization of the company. When the demand analysis, the primary responsibility to be recognized should be borne by the company. Therefore, the ideal candidates of the system plan should be existing business knowledge and management experience, but also the hipster of the information system, master a mature scientific method, and it is best to have a successful practice of overall data planning. If there is no such compound type, you can consider the external information system experts to consult, but the system partners should also be held by the people of the company, it is best to ask the company to retreate the leadership. Inside the leadership, the leaders of the coming will be separated from daily affairs, and they can be put in the whole body. On the other hand, they can take advantage of their rich practical experience and organizational capabilities for overall design. ---- (3) Talent Strategy - In summary, MIS is a multidisciplinary, multi-field, knowledge-intensive high-tech field, especially computer, information processing knowledge update, new theory, new method, The new tool is endless, and the general enterprise is difficult to fully meet the needs of talents in management information systems.
