Third, walk into the Linux Hall: 35 Q 20. Install Linux, what is the requirements for hardware? Linux is very low for hardware requirements, can run on the IBM PC on 386 CPUs, 8M or more memory. However, due to insufficient support for equipment manufacturers, Linux is not very good for many new equipment, and the driver of new equipment is always one step. 21. What is needed to install Linux? 1) Collect system data: Record the memory size, CDROM interface type, SCSI card model, network card model, mouse type, graphics chip group, clock chip, memory size and other related information; 2) Check CMOS settings, turn off viral development, set it Starting from the optical drive; 3) If your Linux installation disk cannot be started from starting, you need to make a boot disk; 4) Take a hard disk space for Linux installation, preferably 1G. 22. What are the basics before installing Linux? At least two partitions: Linux native primary partitions, Linux SWAP swap partitions. The primary partition is used to store Linux files, and the exchange partition provides virtual memory for running Linux. The switching area is 8-256m, up to 8, generally establishing a big one with memory. In DOS, no matter how physical, logically, each partition is a separate part, such as: C disk, D disk, E disk, each disk has a root directory. In Linux, it is physically partitioned, and all partitions logically all partitions are a whole. There is only one root directory in Linux. 23. How to name my hard disk 23.Linux? Linux is the processing of the hard disk, which is basically the same as the DOS system, first partition, and then format it. The commands of the partition are different. Under DOS, each partition is represented by an English letter, and in the Linux, it is more flexible, it identifies the hard disk partition through the combination of letters and numbers. Such as "HDA1", HD is a part, represents the IDE hard disk, if it is a SCSI hard disk, for SA; A represents the main hard disk of the IDE1 port (2 represents the IDE1 port from the hard disk, 3 represents the IDE2 main hard disk, 4 generation IDE2) Hard disk); the last digit represents the partition order on the device, the first four partitions (main partitions and extensions) are indicated by 1-4, and the soft logic partition starts from 5. 24. How to install Linux? Each Linux distribution is not large, but in general, it has experienced the following phases: 1) Some basic settings: such as installation language, keyboard; 2) For hard disk partition, format: General release Both provide a graphical interface. If a fan not familiar with the hard disk partition is best to do under the guidance of the hipster; The devices are lost; 4) Equipment configuration: such as printers, network cards, graphics cards, etc., please choose according to the actual situation; 5) Installing LILO: It is recommended to load multi-system boot; 6) for Linux Super User root Set the password. Everyone can refer to each Linux related information to try to install.
25. How to install multiple system on a hard disk? Many Linux enthusiasts want to install Linux while retaining the Windows9x system. In order to be able to automatically select a system, a starter manager is required, and Linux has a good start manager --- Lilo. So when you install multiple system, you only need to install another system, and finally install Linux, and install the lilo on the main boot fan. This will appear when you restart the system. LILO: Wait for you to choose the work system. 26. How do I configure Linux boot managers LILO? Modify the /etc/lilo.conf file as needed, then execute / sbin / lilo allows the settings to take effect. Here is an example of a lilo.conf file: boot = / dev / hda map = / boot / map install = / boot / boot.b prompt timeout = 50 default = linux image = / boot / vmlinuz-2.2.5-15 label = Linux root = / dev / hda1 initrd = / boot / initrd-2.2.5-15.img read-only other = / dev / hda2 label = windows, Timeout is used to set the LILO waiting input time, here If you don't choose 5 seconds, you will enter the default; the default option is used to specify which system that is started by default; image section is used to specify the launch information of Linux, including the startup location, name - Linux; Other Sections to specify the startup information of other system , Including start position, name. 27. How to start, turn off the system? Starting Linux is simple, as long as Linux (input Linux) is selected in LILO, you will write a lot of information to the console during the startup process until the username and password can be logged in to the system. Start the exploration of the world of Linux. Be careful when shutting down, you can't directly turn off your computer power, so you can destroy Linux file system, you can use the following command: 1) Restart: Execute the reboot command or press CTRL Alt DEL key at the same time; 2) Turn off the system : Execute the shutdown -h now command. 28. Directory underlinux is different from DOS / WINDOWS? Linux's file system is similar to DOS, but also with a tree structure. But the directory representation is completely different, Linux uses "/" to represent the root directory, and DOS uses "" to represent the root directory.
The following is a directory command to use under Linux: 1) "MKDIR directory name": establish a directory; 2) "RMDir directory name": Delete the empty directory; 3) "CD directory name": change the directory; Note: CD and directory Be sure to be spaced, such as the root directory, you need to use "CD /", not "CD /" 4) "PWD": View your own directory; 29. How do Linux make files? You can use the ls -l command to list the details of the directory, which is equivalent to the DIR command of the DOS. The output of the LS command is as follows: Total 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 XU user 1024 Mar 13 0:34 Sub1 -RW-R ----- L XU User 678 JUN 15 1:45 HODO.TXT The leftmost list is File / directory permissions, the third column is the master information, the fourth column is the user group where the master is located, and the 5th column is the space size, the next is the date, time, the last column is the file / directory name. Here are some common file commands: RM: Delete file more: Browse file CP: Copy file 30. How to edit a text file? You can use vi to edit a file file, which is the most popular text processing tool in UNIX, almost all UNIX machines have this editor. 1) Start VI: Execute "VI file name", start the VI in the command state, you can enter a variety of VI commands, can not be edited; 2) Storage: W, save exit: WQ, no disk exit: Q !; 3) Enter the editing status: Insert: i, new increase: a; 4) Exit Edit Status: Press ESC Key; 5) After entering the editing state, edit the edit; 6) under DOS, there are some common uses in the command state. Command: x Delete the cursor where the cursor is located; DD deletes the column where the cursor is located.
31. What is the big pile in the root directory after installing linux? / bin: Store the most common command; / boot: Start Linux core file; / dev: device file; / etc: store various profiles; / home: user home directory; / lib: system The most basic dynamic link sharing library / MNT: Generally empty, use to mount other file systems; / proc: virtual directory, is memory mapping; / sbin: system administrator command storage directory; / usr: maximum directory, surprise application Program and file; / usr / x11r6: x-window directory; / usr / src: Linux source code; / usr / include: system header file; / usr / lib: storage common dynamic link sharing library, static archive; / usr / bin, / usr / sbin: This is a supplement to / bin, / sbin; 32. How to install a network card? You can use root to run NetConf to install the NetConf. Enter the device name of the network card, select the network card module number, IO address, IRQ interrupt and other information, then store exit, execute: /etc/rc.d/init.d/network rest; if your network card is not available In the list of NIC modules, you need to download the driver and compile it into a module. Finally, use the "Insmod Module Name" command to complete the installation. 33. How do I drive D-Link DE220 NIC? D-LINK's DE220 is a cost-effective, supported ISA network card for plug-and-play. But it is because of the plug-and-play function, it will encounter some trouble under Linux: 1) In the DOS environment, use a tool setup in the driver disk of the DE220 network to non-PNP; 2) Gets its IO address and interrupt number in Windows Control Panel, in general, the IO address is 240, the interrupt number is 10; 3) Start Linux, after logging in, execute "NetConf", set the first block to Enable, Equipment Named ETH0, module is NE, IO address is 0x240, IRQ is 10; 4) After exiting, run /tc/rc.d/init.d/network restart. 34. How to drive D-Link DFE530 TX NIC? The D-Link 530 TX network card is a cost-effective 10M / 100M adaptive PCI network card, which has a wide range of user groups, and Linux is not listed in the list in the installation wizard. In fact, general Linux already contains the drive module of this NIC: Tulip.o, you can perform "Insmod Tulip" to complete the NIC installation. 35. How do I drive D-Link DFE540 TX NIC? If your network card is D-Link DFE540 TX, do not choose the NIC when installing, otherwise some unnecessary trouble may be caused.
1) Download the latest Tulip.c file and copy it to / usr / src / tulip; Wall -wstrict-prototypes -o6 -c tulip.c 3) Execute insmod tulip.o; 4) Execute /et CRC.D/init.d/network restart to make the NIC take effect. 36. How to drive Davicom 9201 NIC? Davicom 9201 PCI network card cannot be done directly when installing Linux. In fact, most Linux distributions provide this network card drive module - DMFE.O, if your machine is also this network card, you can have a short network card configuration when you install Linux, install the boot system, login After the execution: "Insmod DMFE" command adds a drive module, then execute "/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart". 37. How do I drive the second block? In the Linux system, you can easily use the Configuration Tool NetConf to install the second block, select the second block of network cards in NetConf, device name: Eth1, select its driver module, enter the IO address and IRQ interrupt number, after exiting , Execute: /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart 38. How to drive a normal sound card? In the Linux system, it provides a very convenient sound card configuration tool SNDCONFIG. If your sound card is more popular, you can use it to drive your sound card: 1) Use root login system, run / usr / sbin / sndconfig; 2) From the sound card selection list, choose the sound card that suits you, the general sound card can be used with SoundBlaster; 3) After the selection, SNDCONFIG needs you to set the IO address of the sound card and the IRQ interrupt number, select according to your actual situation; 4) Setting up OK button, if you hear Linus talking, it is very successful. 39. How to drive Yamaha719 sound card? YAMAHA719 Sound Card Drive Under Linux is very troubles: 1) Re-build the core, do not select SB or SB Pro, select the chip of Crystal Software ...; 2), then reconfigure the sound card, select the CS4XXX option; 3) Fill in the corresponding I / O address, IRQ interrupt, DMA can be. If your sound card is Yamaha 724, please use OSS to solve it.
40. How to use the universal sound card installer OSS? OSS is a commercial software that solves the problem of problem with Linux. It supports the vast majority of Linux distribution 1) will download the OSS software package OsSlinux392V-glibc-2212-up.tar.gz unzipped: TAR ZXVF OSSLINUX392V-GLIBC -2212-up.tar.gz 2) Execute ./oss-install, programs generally prompt you to have other sound card modules, choose to remove; 3) Next is the process, agreement and a large Stack of things, accept the protocol installation, use the default installation path (/ usr / lib / oss); 4) OSS can automatically detect most of the sound cards, if you match your actual situation, choose Save directly in the menu Changes and exit .. "Set the settings; 5) You can use the / usr / lib / oss / Soundon command to open the OSS driver, close the OSS driver with / usr / lib / odswoff. 41. How does the universal sound card installer ALSA use? ALSA, Advanced Linux Sound Architecture is a universal PCI sound card resolution software that follows GPL copyright. This software includes both RPM and TAR formats, where the RPM format is easier to install, here is an example of an example of RPM.
1) Download four files: ALSA-Driver-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm ALSA-LiB-0.4.1D-1.I386.RPM ALSA-UTILS-0.4.1-1.i386.rpm alsaconf-0.4 .1-1.386.rpm 2) Perform the following command to complete the installation: rpm -ivh alsa-driver-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh alsa-lib-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh ALSA -UTILS-0.4.1-1.I386.RPM rpm -ivh alsaconf-0.4.1-1.386.rpm 3) Then execute the alsaconf command, select the appropriate sound card type; 4) Restart the system, then execute the command: / usr / How to install modem under DOC / ALSA-Driver / Snddvices 42.Linux? 1) View your MODEM in Windows; 2) Use modem to use MODE to interact directly with the port in Linux, and its correspondence is as follows: COM1: / dev / cau0 COM2: / dev / cau1 COM3: / DEV / Cau2 Com4: / dev / cau3 3) Set the highest rate of modem: #setserial / dev / cau1 spd.hi (at the highest rate set to 57600bps) #setserial / dev / cau1 SPD.VHI (the highest rate is set to 115200bps) 43. If Internet access by MODEM? 1) Enforce command ln / dev / modem / dev / cau1 (according to actual conditions) 2) Create a script: Touch SW, join: / usr / sbin / pppd connection '/ usr / sbin / chat "" attackt163 connection "gin : Username Word: Password '/ dev / modem 38400 Modem Default Rows Username with Password Substitory with your Internet account and password. 3) You can also be easily implemented using KPPP tools in KDE. 44. Is there a graphical interface under LINUX? In order to improve the Graphical interface of the UNIX system, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology started a X-Window development plan in 1984, through more than ten years of development, X-WINDOW This free software has become the fact that the UNIX / Linux world graphics interface is based. X-WINDOW is divided into three levels: 1) X-Window underlying library, is the minimum implementation layer; 2) X-Server, intermediate layer related to graphics; 3) Window manager, implement the end user interface, such as KDE, GNOME Wait. 45. How to configure X-Window? The so-called configuration x-window is based on the actual device of the machine selection X-Server. It can be configured by XF86Config or Xconfigure, etc. of the graphical interface.
1) Run the Xconfigure program, then select the appropriate graphics type, if not, you need to download the graphics card; 2) Select the memory size, and X-Server; 3) Select the appropriate resolution, color depth combination 4) After the deployment , Run the StartX to start X-Window. 46. How to drive the Intel i740 graphics card? If your Linux can't identify I740, you can do this: 1) Download the new graphics database and I740 XBF driver: XF86Config-glibc-1.0.0.i386.tgz and xfcomi740.tgz 2) Unzip these two packages, Overlay original directory: tar xvfz /tmp/xf86config*.tgz tar xvfz /tmp/xfcomi740.tgz 3) Perform CP / USR / X11R6 / BIN / XFCOM_I740 / USR / X11R6 / BIN / XF86_XBF_I740; 4) Configuration with XF86Config: Display Horizontal scan frequency selection 6; vertical refresh frequency selection 2; when the graphics library is selected, select 311 (ie I740); graphics server type selection 5; 5) After the configuration is completed, starting StartX. 47. How to drive the Intel i810 graphics card? Intel's two major graphics cards I740, I810 are not talked for Linux enthusiasts. Intel is in order to support Linux with practical actions, specially introduced how to configure I810 graphics card under Linux in Linux, you can go below Website download installation instructions and software: 48. How to drive SAVAGE4 graphics? 1) Download the Savage2000 driver; 2) Using the TAR-XVFZ file name unwailed the driver; 3) After decompression, you can see five files, one is XF86_SVGA; 4) Backup / usr / x11r6 / bin / XF86_svga, then copy the new XF86_svga to this directory, replace this file; 5) Run the XF86Config configuration, no graphics card, select 3 (也 SVGA), and no detection; 6) After completing, run startX -bpp32, you can. 49. How to drive SAVAGE3D graphics? 1) Download the driver of the Savage3D graphics: SAVAGEX_0_1_4.TAR.GZ; 2) Decompose this program, replace this program, replace the original file of / usr / x11r6 / bin with new XF86_svga; 3) Run XConfigurator, select Unlisted Card when configuring the graphics, then select Xserver is SVGA; 4) After running, run the StartX to run the X-win. 50. Is there a universal graphics driver method? Since the graphics card manufacturer supports limited, it is a problem that drives the graphics card under Linux.
In order to solve this problem, Linux 2.2.x The above version provides a new solution --- use the Frame Buffer device, with the VESA VBE 2.0 standard, with the graphics SVGA feature, with Xfree86 XF86_FBDEV, drive your graphics. This can indeed help you. 1) Confirm that you have XF86_FBDEV files 2) Perform "MKNOD / DEV / FB0 C 29 0" to establish a Frame Buffer device; 3) Modify /etc/lilo.conf file, join: image = /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.5-fb (Newly compiled kernel) label = Linuxfb (Startup Number, Custom) root = / dev / hda2 (other part of LILO.CONF) VGA = 0x314 (display mode, refer to the table below): display mode Table 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 256 color 0x301 0x303 0x305 0x307 32k color 0x310 0x313 0x316 0x314 0x317 0x31a 16M color 0x312 0x315 0x318 0x31b 4) Execute / sbin / libo to make the configuration take effect, then restart the system to start the system with a new kernel. Of course, if your kernel has already supported it, there is no need to do this, plus VGA = that line.
5) Next, the Frame Buffer Server configuration: Refer to the configuration of VGA in / etc / x11 / xf86config, add a Screen section, as shown below: section "Screen" Driver "fbdev" device "My Video Card" Monitor "MAG XJ500T" Subsection "Display" Depth 16 (color depth, must be consistent with the color depth of the previously selected display mode) MODES "Default" Viewport 0 0 EndSubsection endsection 6) Point XF6_FBDEV: CD / ETC / X11 MV x.bat ln - SNF / USR / X11R6 / bin / xf86_fbdev x 51. How to access the Internet through ISDN? ISDN's application is getting more popular, it is fast, cheap, and is deeply affected by netizens. How do I use ISDN Internet in Linux? 1) Confirm that your Linux kernel already contains the support module for ISDN; 2) Drive ISDN card: For non-plug-and-play Teles 16.3 ISDN cards You can use commands: #Modeprobe hisax = 0x180 IRQ = 10 Type = 3 Protocol = 2 ID = ISDN0 For plug and play type, use: #pnpdump> /etc/isdn.conf # isapnp / etc / isdn.conf #Modprobe hisax IRQ = 10 IO = 0x680 type = 14 protocol = 2 id = ISDN0 3) Install ISDN4Linux, then execute the "MakeDev.sh" scripter under the scripts directory, join the ISDN device; 4) Execute the Echo 1> / proc / sys / net / ipv4 / ip_dynaddr command to support dynamic IP; 5) and then PPP scripts will write a script with ISDN. 52. How to use the optical drive under Linux? 1) Create a directory, used to hang an optical disk directory tree: MKDIR / MNT / CDROM, of course, the directory name can be named according to your own habits; 2) Insert the CD, execute "mount -t t 9 9 99" Command; Note, if your optical drive is driven from the slave plate of the first hard drive, you need to change the / dev / hdc to / dev / hdb; 3) Then you can access the disc access by access / mnt / cdrom; 4) When you do not use, execute "umount / mnt / cdrom" and remove the disc.
